vol. 4, 1902, pp. 24–39.
Sutton, W. S., ‘The chromosomes in heredity’,
Biological Bulletin,
vol. 4, 1903, pp. 231–51.
Switzer, C., Moroney, S. E. and Benner, S. A., ‘Enzymatic incorporation of a new base pair into DNA and RNA’,
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
vol. 111, 1989, pp. 8322–3.
Symonds, N., ‘What is Life?: Schrödinger’s influence in biology’,
Quarterly Review of Biology,
vol. 61, 1986, pp. 221–6.
Symonds, N., ‘Reminiscence’, in F. W. Stahl (ed.),
We Can Sleep Later: Alfred D. Hershey and the Origins of Molecular Biology,
Cold Spring Harbor, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2000, pp. 91–4.
Szilárd, L., ‘The control of the formation of specific proteins in bacteria and in animal cells’,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,
vol. 46, 1960, pp. 277–92.
Tatum, E. L., ‘Chairman’s Remarks’, in H. J. Vogel, B. Vernon and J. O. Lampen (eds),
Informational Macromolecules,
London, Academic Press, 1963, pp. 175–6.
Tatum, E. L. and Beadle, G. W., ‘Genetic control of biochemical reactions in
Neurospora:
An ‘aminobenzoicless’ mutant’,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,
vol. 28, 1942, pp. 234–43.
Taylor, H. E., ‘Nouvelles transformations induites spécifiquement chez le pneumocoque’,
Colloques Internationaux du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,
vol. 8, 1949, pp. 45–55.
Temin, H. M., ‘The protovirus hypothesis: Speculations on the significance of RNA-directed DNA synthesis for normal development and for carcinogenesis’,
Journal of the National Cancer Institute,
vol. 46, 1971, pp. iii–vii.
Theobald, D. L., ‘A formal test of the theory of universal common ancestry’
Nature,
vol. 465, 2010, pp. 219–22.
Thieffry, D., ‘Contributions of the “Rouge-Cloître group” to the notion of “messenger RNA”’,
History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences,
vol. 19, 1997, pp. 89–113.
Thieffry, D. and Burian, R. M., ‘Jean Brachet’s alternative scheme for protein synthesis’,
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,
vol. 21, 1996, pp. 115–17.
Thomas, C. A., ‘The genetic organization of chromosomes’,
Annual Review of Genetics,
vol. 5, 1971, pp. 237–56.
Thomas, R., ‘Molecular genetics under an embryologist’s microscope: Jean Brachet, 1909–1988’,
Genetics,
vol. 131, 1992, pp. 515–18.
Tissières, A., Schlessinger, D. and Gros, F., ‘Amino acid incorporation into proteins by
Escherichia coli
ribosomes’,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,
vol. 46, 1960, pp. 1450–63.
Toomey, D.,
Weird Life: The Search for Life That Is Very, Very Different from Our Own,
London, Norton, 2013.
Triclot, M., ‘Norbert Wiener’s politics and the history of cybernetics’, in M. Kokowski (ed.),
The Global and the Local: The History of Science and the Cultural Integration of Europe. Proceedings of the Second International Conference of the European Society for the History of Science (Cracow, Poland, 6–9 September 2006),
Warsaw, Press of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2007.
Triclot, M.,
Le Moment cybernétique: La constitution de la notion d’information,
Paris, Champ Vallon, 2008.
Troland, L. T., ‘Biological enigmas and the theory of enzyme action’,
The American Naturalist,
vol. 51, 1917, pp. 321–50.
Tsugita, A., ‘The proteins of mutants of TMV: composition and structure of chemically evoked mutants of TMV RNA’,
Journal of Molecular Biology,
vol. 5, 1962, pp. 284–92.
Ullmann, A., ‘Jacques Monod, 1910–1976: his life, his work and his commitments’,
Research in Microbiology,
vol. 161, 2010, pp. 68–73.
Umbarger, H. E., ‘Evidence for a negative-feedback mechanism on the biosynthesis of isoleucine’,
Science,
vol. 123, 1956, p. 848.
van Dam, L. and Levitt, M. H., ‘
B
II nucleotides in the B and C forms of natural-sequence polymeric DNA: A new model for the C form of DNA’,
Journal of Molecular Biology,
vol. 304, 2000, pp. 541–61.
van Noorden, R., Maher, B. and Nuzzo, R., ‘The top 100 papers’,
Nature,
vol. 514, 2014, pp. 550–3.
Varmus, H.,
The Art and Politics of Science,
New York, Norton, 2009.
Venter, J. C.,
A Life Decoded. My Genome: My Life,
London, Penguin, 2007.
Venter, J. C.,
Life at the Speed of Light,
London, Little, Brown, 2013.
Venter, J. C., Adams, M. D., Myers, E. W.
et al.,
‘The sequence of the human genome’,
Science,
vol. 291, 2001, pp. 1304–51.
Vernot, B. and Akey, J. M., ‘Resurrecting surviving Neandertal lineages from modern human genomes’,
Science,
vol. 343, 2014, pp. 1017–21.
Vogel, H., ‘Repressed and induced enzyme formation: a unified hypothesis’,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,
vol. 43, 1957, pp. 491–6.
Vogel, H. J., Vernon, B. and Lampen, J. O. (eds),
Informational Macromolecules,
London, Academic Press, 1963.
von Neumann, J., ‘The general and logical theory of automata’, in L. A. Jeffress (ed.),
Cerebral Mechanisms in Behavior. The Hixon Symposium,
New York, Wiley, 1951, pp. 1–31.
von Neumann, J., ‘Letter to Norbert Wiener from John von Neumann’,
Proceedings of Symposia in Applied Mathematics,
vol. 52, 1997, pp. 506–12.
von Schwerin, A., ‘Medical physicists, biology, and the physiology of the cell (1920–1940)’, in L. Campos and A. von Schwerin (eds),
Making Mutations: Objects, Practices, Contexts, Preprint 393,
Berlin, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, 2010, pp. 231–58.
Waddington, C. H., ‘Some European contributions to the prehistory of molecular biology’,
Nature,
vol. 221, 1969, pp. 318–21.
Wahba, A. J., Basilio, C., Speyer, J. F.
et al.,
‘Synthetic polynucleotides and the amino acid code, VI’,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
, vol. 48, 1962, pp. 1683–6.
Wahba, A. J., Gardner, R. S., Basilio, C.
et al.,
‘Synthetic polynucleotides and the amino acid code, VIII’,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,
vol. 49, 1963a, pp. 116–22.
Wahba, A. J., Miller, R. S., Basilio, C.
et al.,
‘Synthetic polynucleotides and the amino acid code, IX’,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,
vol. 49, 1963b, pp. 880–5.
Wahlsten, D., Bachmanov, A., Finn, D. A. and Crabbe, J. C., ‘Stability of inbred mouse strain differences in behavior and brain size between laboratories and across decades’,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,
vol. 103, 2006, pp. 16364–9.
Wain, H. M., Bruford, E. A., Lovering, R. C.
et al.,
‘Guidelines for human gene nomenclature’,
Genomics,
vol. 79, 2002, pp. 464–70.
Wall, R., ‘Overlapping genetic codes’,
Nature,
vol. 193, 1962, pp. 1268–70.
Walker, F. O., ‘Huntington’s disease’,
The Lancet,
vol. 369, 2007, pp. 218–28.
Wang, A. H., Quigley, G. J., Kolpak, F. J.
et al.,
‘Molecular structure of a left-handed double helical DNA fragment at atomic resolution’,
Nature,
vol. 282, 1979, pp. 680–6.
Watanabe, T., Zhong, G., Russell, C. A.
et al.,
‘Circulating avian influenza viruses closely related to the 1918 virus have pandemic potential’,
Cell Host Microbe,
vol. 15, 2014, pp. 692–705.
Watson, J. D.,
Molecular Biology of the Gene,
New York, Benjamin, 1965.
Watson, J. D.,
The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA,
London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1968.
Watson, J. D.,
Genes, Girls and Gamow,
Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001.
Watson, J. D. and Berry, A.,
DNA: The Secret of Life,
New York, Knopf, 2003.
Watson, J. D. and Crick, F. H. C., ‘A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid’,
Nature,
vol. 171, 1953a, pp. 737–8.
Watson, J. D. and Crick, F. H. C., ‘Genetical implications of the structure of deoxyribose nucleic acid’,
Nature,
vol. 171, 1953b, pp. 964–7.
Watson, J. D. and Crick, F. H. C., ‘The structure of DNA’,
Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology,
vol. 18, 1953c, pp. 123–31.
Watson, J. D. and Maaløe, O., ‘Nucleic acid transfer from parental to progeny bacteriophage’,
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,
vol. 10, 1953, pp. 432–42.
Weaver, W., ‘The mathematics of communication’,
Scientific American,
vol. 181 (7), 1949, pp. 11–15.
White, M. A., Myers, C. A., Corbo, J. C. and Cohen, B. A., ‘Massively parallel in vivo enhancer assay reveals that highly local features determine the cis-regulatory function of ChIP-seq peaks’,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,
vol. 110, 2013, pp. 11952–7.
Wiener, N., ‘Time, communication and the nervous system’,
Annals of the New York Academy of Science,
vol. 50, 1948a, pp. 197–220.
Wiener, N.,
Cybernetics: or, Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine,
New York, Technology Press, 1948b.
Wiener, N.,
Extrapolation, Interpolation, and Smoothing of Stationary Time Series: With Engineering Applications,
Boston, MIT Press, 1949.
Wiener, N.,
The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society,
Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1950.
Wiener, N.,
I am a Mathematician,
London, Gollancz, 1956.
Wilkins, M. H. F., ‘The molecular configuration of nucleic acids: Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1962’, in
Nobel Lectures Physiology or Medicine 1942–1962,
Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1964.
Wilkins, M.,
The Third Man of the Double Helix: An Autobiography,
Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003.
Wilkins, M. H. F., Gosling, R. G. and Seeds, W. E., ‘Physical studies of nucleic acid: an extensible molecule?’,
Nature,
vol. 167, 1951, pp. 759–60.
Williams, T. A., Foster, P. G., Cox, C. J. and Embley, T. M., ‘An archaeal origin of eukaryotes supports only two primary domains of life’,
Nature,
vol. 504, 2013, pp. 231–6.
Witkowski, J. A., ‘The discovery of split genes’,
Trends in Biochemical Sciences,
vol. 13, 1988, pp. 110–13.
Witkowski, J. (ed.),
The Inside Story: DNA to RNA to Protein,
Cold Spring Harbor, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2005.
Woese, C., ‘Nature of the biological code’,
Nature,
vol. 194, 1962, pp. 1114–15.
Woese, C., ‘On the evolution of the genetic code’,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,
vol. 54, 1965, pp. 1546–52.
Woese, C. R.,
The Genetic Code,
London, Harper & Row, 1967.
Woese, C. R. and Fox, G. E., ‘Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: the primary kingdoms’,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,
vol. 74, 1977a, pp. 5088–90.
Woese, C. R. and Fox, G. E., ‘The concept of cellular evolution’,
Journal of Molecular Evolution,
vol. 10, 1977b, pp. 1–6.
Woese, C. R., Dugre, D. H., Saxinger, W. C. and Dugre, S. A., ‘The molecular basis of the genetic code’,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,
vol. 55, 1966, pp. 966–74.
Wolfe, A. D., ‘The Cold War context of the Golden Jubilee, or, why we think of Mendel as the father of genetics’,
Journal of the History of Biology,
vol. 45, 2012, pp. 389–414.
Wolfe-Simon, F., Davies, P. C. W. and Anbar, A. D., ‘Did nature also choose arsenic?’,
International Journal of Astrobiology
, vol. 8, 2009, pp. 69–74.
Wolfe-Simon, F., Blum, J. S., Kulp, T. R.