Master of the Senate (215 page)

“Andrew Johnson”; “Johnson’s opponents”:
Schlesinger,
Age of Jackson
, p. 73.
“The condition”:
Kennedy, pp. 134–35.
“Let me”; “the question”; “fearful”:
Kennedy, pp. 131, 148, 135.
“His level”; “he has”:
Byrd, Vol. I, pp. 241, 283.
“The country”:
Kennedy, p. 145.
Grimes’ vote: “We have”; “I shall”;
Kennedy, p. 150.
The removal:
Schlesinger,
Age of Jackson
, p. 74.

“One of”:
Garraty, quoted in Josephy, p. 249.
“After”; “agreed”; “unspoken”:
Josephy, pp. 247–50.
Numbered men:
Byrd, Vol. I, pp. 336–37; Garraty, p. 684.
“Fount”; “more”; “unequaled”:
Josephy, pp. 247, 250.
“Senate Supreme”:
Josephy, Chapter 6.
“A government”:
Adams,
Democracy
, p. 28.

“A social”:
Josephson,
The Politicos
, p. 327.
“The members”:
Josephy, p. 269; Josephson, p. 445.
“The best”; “to keep”:
Josephy, p. 267.
“Behind”; “but to whisper”:
Josephson, p. 446.

Great care; “dissidents”:
Byrd, Vol. I, pp. 365–66.
“Operated”:
Josephy, p. 206.

“Was not”:
Josephy, p. 269.
“Does not”; “singularly”:
Garraty, p. 683.
“Not a single”:
Garraty, p. 696.

“The Bosses”:
Keppler’s cartoon is reproduced in Josephy, pp. 254–55.
“The Senate”:
Ostrogorski,
Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties
, quoted in Baker,
The Senate
, p. 207.

“With relish”:
Schlesinger,
Imperial Presidency
, p. 80.
“As a servant”:
Wilson,
Congressional Government
, pp. 49, 59, 233–34.
Most secretaries:
Twenty of the twenty-four secretaries of state between 1811 and 1892 had previously been senators (Schlesinger,
Imperial Presidency
, p. 80).

“I have”:
Garraty, p. 722.
Beveridge, Hoar speeches:
Byrd, pp. 360–62.

“The international”:
The discussion of the rise of the executive agreement is based on Schlesinger,
Imperial Presidency
, pp. 79–92. The quotations are from these pages.

Leaving New York harbor:
Burns,
Workshop
, p. 448.
“To found”:
Burns,
Workshop
, p. 450.
“Tended”:
Garraty, p. 790.
In favor:
Burns,
Workshop
, p. 458; Garraty, p. 792.
Had been known:
Smith,
When the Cheering Stopped
, p. 55; Thomas A. Bailey, “Woodrow Wilson Wouldn’t Yield,”
American Heritage
, June 1957.
“I never”; “sinister”:
Burns,
Workshop
, p. 459.
“Shifty”:
Smith, p. 55.
“Pygmy-minded”:
Thomas A. Bailey, “Woodrow Wilson Wouldn’t Yield,”
American Heritage
, June 1957.
Wilson refused:
Smith, p. 55.

“The thing”:
Josephy, p. 329.
“(It) has never”; “war can”:
Lodge, quoted in Widenor, “Henry Cabot Lodge: The Astute Parliamentarian,” in Baker and Davidson, eds.,
First Among Equals
, p. 43.
“At weakening”:
Lodge,
The Senate of the United States
, quoted in Widenor, in
First Among Equals
, p. 42.
“At the core”; “faith”:
Burns,
Workshop
, pp. 459, 468.
“Who”:
Josephy, p. 329.
“Round Robin”; “The Senate”:
Thomas A. Bailey, “Woodrow Wilson Wouldn’t Yield,”
American Heritage
, June 1957.
“Anyone”:
Garraty, p. 792.
“The gentlemen”:
Byrd, Vol. I, p. 424.

“No one”:
W. Stull Holt, quoted in Baker and Davidson, eds.,
First Among Equals
, p. 44.
“The only”:
Burns,
Workshop
, p. 458.
“Reverberated”:
Burns,
Workshop
, p. 457.
Hearings:
Byrd, Vol. I, pp. 424–26; Thomas A. Bailey, “Woodrow Wilson Wouldn’t Yield,”
American Heritage
, June 1957.
“You may call me”; if Lodge:
Byrd, Vol. I, pp. 425–26.

“Mustering”:
Burns,
Workshop
, pp. 461–62.
“Where am I”:
Smith,
When the Cheering Stopped
, p. 59.
“Appeal to Caesar”:
Smith, p. 58.
“I have it”:
Burns, p. 465.
An epic:
Burns, pp. 463–65.
“By crusading”:
Burns, p. 465.
“For decades”; “ultimately”:
Burns, pp. 466–67.

The “Senate Four”:
Byrd, Vol. I, pp. 371–87.
Sitting:
A picture of them on the porch is in Byrd, Vol. I, p. 372.
“The four bosses”:
Byrd, Vol. I, p. 372.
Across Long Island Sound:
Josephson,
President Makers
, pp. 123–24.
“I want to be sure”:
Josephson, p. 150.
While:
Josephy, pp. 302–04.
“Sound and wise”:
Josephson, p. 125.
“The current”:
Josephson, p. 168.
“Paramount”; “we’ll get you”:
Josephy, p. 305.
Did not require:
Garraty, pp. 750–52.

Since he was; “drawn”:
Josephy, pp. 314–15; Morison, Commager, and Leuchtenburg,
Growth of the American Republic
, Vol. II, p. 322.
“Prairie fire”:
Josephson,
President Makers
, p. 299.
Summoned:
Garraty, p. 756.
“Dictator”:
Byrd, Vol. I, p. 381.
“Where”:
Byrd, p. 383.
Progressives’ fight:
Byrd, pp. 382–87; Josephy, pp. 315–16; Garraty, p. 757.
“Consummation”:
Josephy, p. 316.

Inaugural Address:
Burns,
Workshop
, p. 384; Morison et al.,
Growth of the American Republic
, Vol. II, pp. 425–28.
For a century:
Byrd,
The Senate
, Vol. I, pp. 409–10; Josephson,
President Makers
, p. 476.
As was the Leader:
Walter J. Oleszek, “John Worth Kern: Portrait of a Floor Leader,” in Baker and Davidson, eds.,
First Among Equals
, pp. 20, 23–25, 27–33.
Kept attacking:
Morison et al., pp. 431–38; Josephson, pp. 478–79.
Dramatic appeal:
Burns,
Workshop
, p. 385; Link,
The New Freedom
, p. 187.
“Think of it”:
Burns,
Workshop
, pp. 386–87.
Sitting:
Josephson, p. 479.
During it transformed:
Garraty,
American Nation
, pp. 761–63; Josephson, pp. 489–94; Josephy,
The Congress
, pp. 320–22.

“Like a deck”:
Russell,
Shadow of Blooming Grove
, p. 380.
“Will not try”:
William C. Widenor, “Henry Cabot Lodge: The Astute Parliamentarian,” in Baker and Davidson, eds.,
First Among Equals
, p. 51.
“Sign”; “Bouncing”:
Josephy, pp. 338, 389.

“Frankly”:
Josephy, p. 338.

Raised duties:
Schlesinger,
Crisis of the Old Order
, p. 164.
“The product”:
Byrd, Vol. I, p. 447.
“No doubt”:
Burns,
Workshop
, p. 499.

Mail sacks:
Caro,
Path
, pp. 240–46.
Little help:
Caro, pp. 246–52.

“COME”:
Garraty, p. 839.
“They know”:
Schlesinger,
Coming of the New Deal
, p. 13.
“Roosevelt had”:
Josephy, pp. 347–48.

“This should”:
Burns,
Crosswinds
, p. 26.
Norris had fought:
Byrd, Vol. I, pp. 435–36. The discussion of Norris and the TVA is also from Schlesinger,
Coming of the New Deal
, pp. 320–34.

“Magna”:
Josephy, p. 350.
“Never lifted”:
Byrd, Vol. I, p. 474.
Are actually monuments:
As Schlesinger writes (
Coming of the New Deal
, pp. 554–55), “The contemporary cliché about ‘rubberstamp’ Congresses should not conceal the fact that the national legislature at this time … on crucial occasions itself assumed the legislative initiative…. It played a vital and consistently underestimated role in shaping the New Deal. A number of important measures … were entirely of congressional origination.”

“An all but”; “The smiling”:
Alsop and Catledge,
168 Days
, pp. 48, 22.
Meeting at the White House; “Boys”:
Alsop and Catledge, pp. 65–67; Baker,
Back to Back
, pp. 3–8, 17; Josephy, p. 351.

Holding his nose; “the people”:
Alsop and Catledge, pp. 69, 184.
“Because”:
Baker,
Back to Back
, p. 65.
Sumners refused:
Baker,
Back to Back
, pp. 19, 65.
“The shabby”:
Alsop and Catledge, p. 10.
“Here is”:
NYT
, March 5, 1937.
“You who”:
NYT
, March 10, 1937.

“Was also”:
Alsop and Catledge, p. 87.
“On board”:
Corcoran interview.
“Kentucky’s”:
Baker,
Back to Back
, p. 63.
“Prelude”:
Alsop and Catledge, p. 65.
“I replied”; “Received”:
Baker,
Back to Back
, p. 68.
Judiciary hearings:
Josephy, p. 352.
“It is easy”; “The great”:
Alsop and Catledge, pp. 107, 177.

“You were”:
Alsop and Catledge, p. 257.
“May not”; “rather”; O’Mahoney unexpectedly:
Alsop and Catledge, pp. 155, 195.
Wheeler’s refusal; “I’m going”; “Save”; Norris’ question:
Baker,
Back to Back
, pp. 237–39; Alsop and Catledge, pp. 100–01, 95.

“The high, wide”; “Robinson and”: “All”:
Alsop and Catledge, pp. 254–55, 258–59, 262.
Freshmen:
Baker,
Back to Back
, pp. 255–56.

“Like a”:
Alsop and Catledge, p. 277.
“Do you”:
Fisher,
Cactus Jack
, pp. 133–34.
“The Supreme Court”; let:
Alsop and Catledge, pp. 293–95; Baker,
Back to Back
, pp. 272–73.

“In a way”:
Byrd, Vol. I, p. 477.
Headlines:
Garraty, p. 851.
“The sense”; “Marked”:
Garraty, p. 849.

“Congressional procedure”:
Life
, June 18, 1945.
Three hundred:
Henry F. Pringle, “Can Congress Save Itself?”
SEP
, Oct. 6, 1945.
Six persons:
Sen. 81A-F15, “Rules & Administration (402), Various Subjects & Correspondence,” NA.
Smallness of staffs; lack of expertise:
Galloway,
Congress at the Crossroads;
Byrd, Vol. I, pp. 537–47; Henry F. Pringle, “Can Congress Save Itself?”
SEP
, Oct. 6, 1945.
Four of seventy-six:
William Hard, “Congress’ Biggest Job,”
Reader’s Digest
, Oct. 1942.
Still three:
Byrd, Vol. I, p. 552.
“There could be”:
Wilcox OH, SHO, p. 35.
“With occasional”:
Floyd M. Riddick, “Third Session of the Seventy-Sixth Congress, Jan. 3, 1940 to Jan. 3, 1941,”
APSR
, April 1941.”
Unable to create it:
From the turn of the century through 1946, 19 of the most significant pieces of legislation that became law were substantially created by the executive branch, 29 were joint products of the executive and Congress, and 35 were essentially congressional in origin. (Seven had non-governmental origins.) But, as Raymond Moley wrote in 1946, “if we consider only those laws among the 90 which were passed after 1932, … 70 per cent have been executive products,” only 30 percent were created in Congress. “Congress,” he wrote, “has lost most of its effective power over the content of legislation” (Raymond Moley, “Can a Location Run Congress?”
Newsweek
, May 6, 1946).
“Technical equipment”:
Corcoran, quoted in Baker and Davidson, eds.,
First Among Equals
, p. 137.
600, eight employees:
Byrd, Vol. I, p. 543.

Barkley’s lectern:
Donald A. Ritchie, “Alben W. Barkley: The President’s Man,” in Baker and Davidson, eds.,
First Among Equals
, pp. 127–62.
“The damned”:
MacNeil interview.
MacLeish’s proposal:
Byrd, Vol. I, p. 438.

Pragmatic considerations:
Interviews with Richard Baker, MacNeil, Ritchie, Steele. And see Byrd, Vol. I, p. 544.
“A cadre”; A “suspicion”:
Byrd, Vol. I, p. 544.
“A deep, vested”:
Strout,
New Republic
, March 18, 1946.

“Senator Borah”:
Coolidge, quoted in Byrd, Vol. I, p. 483.
“It seemed”; Coolidge proposed:
Byrd, Vol. I, p. 483.
World Court:
Garraty, p. 859. “I do not think the Senate would take favorable action on any such proposal, and unless the requirements of the Senate resolution are met, I can see no prospect of this country adhering to the Court,” Coolidge said.
Japan invaded Manchuria:
Leuchtenberg,
FDR and the New Deal
, p. 212.
Shadowed:
Josephy, pp. 348–49.
In 1933:
Schlesinger,
Imperial Presidency
, p. 96.
In 1935:
Garraty, p. 865; Josephy, pp. 359–60.
The President urged:
Leuchtenberg, pp. 215–16.
“Señor Ab Jap”; “To hell”:
Leuchtenberg, p. 216.
“Thank God!”; that same
year:
Schlesinger,
The Politics
, pp. 5, 270.
1936:
Byrd, Vol. I, p. 489; Garraty, p. 866.
So Congress passed:
Josephy, p. 360.
“While German”:
Garraty, p. 866.