The battle for Spain: the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939 (105 page)

Toledo, Archbishop of

Toller, Ernst

Tomás, Belarmino

Torija

Torrejón

Torrejón de la Calzada

Torrejón de Velasco

Tortosa

Toulouse

Traven, B.

Tremp

Trescastro, Juan Luis

Trijueque

Trillas, Desiderio

Triolet, Elsa

Trotsky, Leon and POUM, in exile, assassination of, heads Petrograd Soviet, sabotage operations

Tukhachevsky, Marshal Mikhail

Tunisia

UGT, (Unión General de Trabajadores), membership, under Second Republic, and defence of Republic increased strength, in Catalonia, and education, and socialized industries, and militias, and Largo Caballero government, and defence of Madrid, in Basque country, and republican power struggle, concessions to government

UHP (Unión de Hermanos Proletarios)

Ulíbarri, General Gámir

UME, (Unión Militar Espanola)

UMRA, (Unión Militar Republicana Antifascista)

Unamuno, Miguel de, denounces nationalists, death

Unión Socialista

Unión de Derecha y Agrarios

Unión Nacional Española

Unión Patriótica

Unión Republicana

United Nations

United Socialist Youth, see Juventud Socialista Unificada

United States of America, isolationism, role in Spanish Civil War, and International Brigades, fear of communism, perceptions of Spanish Civil War, supplies trucks, and non-intervention policy, sales of Spanish silver, establishes relations with Franco, enters Second World War

universities

University of Alcalá de Henares

University of Salamanca

Uribarri Barrutell, Colonel Manuel

Uribe, Vicente

Uruguay
(prison ship)

USSR,
see
Soviet Union

Usuramo
(ship)

Utrecht, Treaty of

Vaciamadrid

Val, Eduardo

Valdeiglesias, Marquess de

Valdemoro

Valencia, agriculture, prison riots, military rising, citrus fruit exports, clergy in, political killings, collectivization, political groupings, republican government in, Prado evacuated to, bombing of, International Writers’ Congress for the Defence of Culture, newspapers, prisons, bombing of, nationalist advance on, coup leaders meet

Valencia, Archbishop of

Valladolid

Valle de Arán

Vallecas

Vallejo, Eugenio

Vallejo Nágera, Major Antonio

Vallellano, Count and Countess de

Valls

Vanni, Ettore

Varela Iglesias, Colonel (later General) José, role in military rising, and attack on Madrid, and Jarama offensive, and Guadarrama offensive, and Brunete offensive, and Guadalajara offensive, and advance on Valencia, and Franco regime

Vatican, backs Franco, appoints papal nuncio, appeals for truce

Vázquez, Mariano

Vega, Etelvino

Velasco
(nationalist destroyer)

Veltjens, Josef

Vendrell

Venezuela

Verardini, Antonio

Verdad

Versailles, Treaty of

Viana, Marquess de

Vic, Bishop of

Vidal y Barraquer, Cardinal, (Archbishop of Tarragona)

Vidal-Quadras, Captain

Vierna, Admiral Manuel

Vigo

Vigón, Colonel (later General), and battle of Teruel, planning capability, and battle of Catalonia, meets Hitler, warns Franco about Serrano Súñer

Vila, Professor Salvador

Vila Capdevila, Ramón (‘Caraquemada’)

Villalba, Colonel José

Villalba dels Arcs

Villanueva de la Cañda

Villanueva de la Serena

Villanueva del Pardillo

Villareal

Vinaroz

viriatos
, (Portuguese volunteers)

Vita
treasure

Vitoria

Vitoria, Bishop of

Vittorio, Giuseppe di (‘Nicoletti’)

Vittorio Emanuele, King

Viver

Vizcaya province of

Voelckers, Hans, (German chargé ďaffaires)

Völkischer Beobachter

Volkmann, General

Volunteer for Liberty

von Goss, Captain

von Stohrer, Baron Eberhard (German ambassador)

von Thoma, Colonel Wilhelm

Voronov, Colonel Nikolai

Voroshilov, Marshal Kliment, supplies arms to republicans, sends Soviet advisers, and republican power struggle

Wall Street crash

Walter, General, (Karol Swierczewski) and Guadarrama offensive, and Brunete offensive, and Aragón offensive, comments on International Brigades, and battle of Teruel, dismissal demanded

Warlimont,Colonel (later General) Walter

Waugh, Evelyn

Wehrmacht

Weil, Simone

Welczeck, Count Johannes von

Wells, H. G.

Whitaker, John

White Russian volunteers

Winter Help, (Winterhilfe)

Wintringham, Tom

wolfram exports

women, under Republic, and civil war, under Franco, prisoners in France

writers

XYZ Line

Y ships

Yage, Lieutenant-Colonel Juan, role in military rising, and Badajoz massacre, advances on Madrid, replaced by Varela, and attack on Madrid, in Aragón offensive, and battle of Ebro, nationalists’ most capable commander, and battle of Catalonia, and Franco regime, represses anti-fascist rising

Yartz, Colonel

Yeste

Yorkbrook
(ship)

Young Pioneers

Yugoslav volunteers

Yugoslavia

Zuera

Zugazagoitia, Julián, in Negrín government, executed

Table of Contents

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

MAPS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INTRODUCTION

POLITICAL PARTIES, GROUPINGS AND ORGANIZATIONS

INITIALS

PART ONE : Old Spain and the Second Republic

1 Their Most Catholic Majesties

2  Royal Exit

3  The Second Republic

4  The Popular Front

5  The Fatal Paradox

PART TWO: The War of Two Spains

6  The Rising of the Generals

7  The Struggle for Control

8  The Red Terror

9  The White Terror

10  The Nationalist Zone

11  The Republican Zone

12  The Army of Africa and the People’s Militias

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSERT I

PART THREE : The Civil War Becomes International

13  Arms and the Diplomats

14  Sovereign States

15  The Soviet Union and the Spanish Republic

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSERT II

16  The International Brigades and the Soviet Advisers

17  The Battle for Madrid

PART FOUR : World War by Proxy

18  The Metamorphosis of the War

19  The Battles of the Jarama and Guadalajara

20  The War in the North

21  The Propaganda War and the Intellectuals

PART FIVE : Internal Tensions

22  The Struggle for Power

23  The Civil War within the Civil War

24  The Battle of Brunete

25  The Beleaguered Republic

26  The War in Aragón

27  The Destruction of the Northern Front and of Republican Idealism

PART SIX : The Route to Disaster

28  The Battle of Teruel and Franco’s ‘Victorious Sword’

29  Hopes of Peace Destroyed

30  Arriba España!

31  The Battle of the Ebro

32  The Republic in the European Crisis

33  The Fall of Catalonia

PHOTOGRAPHIC INSERT III

34  The Collapse of the Republic

PART SEVEN : Vae Victis!

35  The New Spain and the Franquist Gulag

36  The Exiles and the Second World War

37  The Unfinished War

38  Lost Causes

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SOURCES

NOTES

INDEX