1924: The Year That Made Hitler (43 page)

3.
  H. Francis Freniere, Lucie Karcic, Philip Fandek (translators),
The Hitler Trial before the People’s Court in Munich
(Arlington, VA: University Publications of America, 1976), 65.

4.
  
Hitler-Prozess
(trial transcript), part 1, 50.

5.
  
Hitler-Prozess
(trial transcript), part 1, 309.

6.
  
Hitler-Prozess
(trial transcript), part 1, 50.

7.
  Hofmann,
Der Hitlerputsch,
162.

8.
  Hanfstaengl,
Hitler,
36.

9.
  “Die Ereignisse des gestrigen Abends,”
Münchener Zeitung,
November 9, 1923.

10.
  John Toland,
Adolf Hitler,
vol. 1 (New York: WHS Distributors, 1976), 166.

11.
  Hofmann,
Der Hitlerputsch,
164–65.

12.
  Historians believe the evidence shows that Ludendorff knew exactly what was up. Ludendorff’s own stepson said the wily general later told him he had intentionally stayed away from the Bürgerbräukeller—at first. Hoegner,
Hitler und Kahr,
196. What the old general may have been telling the triumvirate was: I don’t like this any more than you do, and for a simple reason: Ludendorff wanted the top job—chief dictator, not chief of the army—for himself. He said as much to a visitor only two days before the putsch. Hoegner,
Hitler und Kahr,
112.

13.
  Hofmann,
Der Hitlerputsch,
166.

14.
  Freniere,
The Hitler Trial,
67.

15.
  Otto Gritschneder,
Der Hitler-Prozess und sein Richter Georg Neithardt
(Munich: C. H. Beck, 2001), 23;
Münchener Zeitung,
front page, November 9, 1923.

16.
  Hoegner,
Hitler und Kahr,
168.

17.
  Hans Kallenbach,
Mit Adolf Hitler auf Festung Landsberg
(Munich: Verlag Kress & Hornung, 1939), 28.

18.
  Kallenbach,
Mit Adolf Hitler,
27.

19.
  Kershaw,
Hitler: 1889–1936,
174.

20.
  Harold J. Gordon. Jr.,
Hitler and the Beer Hall Putsch
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972), 271–73.

21.
  Hoegner,
Hitler und Kahr,
149.

22.
  Hoegner,
Hitler und Kahr,
149.

23.
  Frank,
Im Angesicht,
61.

24.
  The Bürgerbräukeller later presented the Nazi Party with a never-paid bill for “beer, sausage, food, coffee, broken furniture, shattered beer mugs, music stands and 148 sets of stolen cutlery” and a special bill to Hitler for his eggs, tea, and meat loaf. Gritschneder,
Der Hitler-Prozess,
140.

25.
  Ernst Hanfstaengl,
15 Jahre mit Hitler. Zwischen Weissem und Braunem Haus
(München: Piper, 1980), 141.

26.
  Gritschneder Nachlass, Box 239, document from printing house. “Because their unit was so strong, it was impossible for us to resist. They took 290,000 fifty-billion mark bills equaling 14,500 trillion marks and 105,000 billion-mark bills equaling 105 trillion marks. All we could achieve was that a supervisor oversaw the delivery and had receipts given for the amount.”

27.
  
Hitler-Prozess
(trial transcript), 62.

28.
  
Hitler-Prozess
(trial transcript), 57.

29.
  Gordon,
Hitler and the Beer Hall Putsch,
353.

30.
  Hoegner,
Die Verratene Republik,
186.

31.
  Indictment against “Joseph Berchthold and comrades” in “little Hitler trial,” People’s Court Munich 1, May 29, 1924, reprinted in Kallenbach,
Mit Hitler,
29.

32.
  Gordon,
Hitler and the Beer Hall Putsch,
353.

33.
  
Hitler-Prozess
(trial transcript), 62.

34.
  Gordon,
Hitler and the Beer Hall Putsch,
358.

35.
  Freniere,
The Hitler Trial,
70.

36.
  Ullrich,
Adolf Hitler: Biographie,
180, from Detlev Clemens,
Herr Hitler in Germany
(Göttingen: Vandenhoek and Ruprecht, 1996), 80.

37.
  “Der vierte Tag des Hitlerprozesses,”
Süddeutsche Zeitung,
February 29, 1924.

38.
  Gordon,
Hitler and the Beer Hall Putsch,
360.

39.
  
Hitler-Prozess
(trial transcript), part 3, 1177.

40.
  Esser, documents.

41.
  Ullrich,
Adolf Hitler: Biographie,
178.

42.
  Hanfstaengl,
Hitler,
27–29.

43.
  Hanfstaengl,
15 Jahre,
61.

44.
  Hanfstaengl,
Hitler,
106–9.

45.
  Jablonsky,
The Nazi Party,
43.

46.
  Hanfstaengl,
Hitler,
108.

Chapter 6. Hitting Bottom

1.
  Alois Maria Ott, “Aber plötzlich sprang Hitler auf…,”
Bayern Kurier,
November 3, 1973.

2.
  Prison history, “100 Jahre JVA Landsberg am Lech,” 30; Heinz A. Heinz,
Germany’s Hitler
(London: Hurst and Blackett Ltd., 1934), 170.

3.
  Franz Hemmrich, “Adolf Hitler in der Festung Landsberg,” handwritten, Institut für Zeitgeschichte, ED 153; Archiv Manfred Deiler, 4.

4.
  Otto Lurker (SS-Sturmführer),
Hitler hinter Festungsmaurern: Ein Bild aus trüben Tagen
(Berlin: E. S. Mittler & Sohn, 1933), 14. Ironically, the “fortress” in 2015 was again being used for small prison industries, such as packaging solid state boards and lipstick. Author’s visit, February 10, 2015.

5.
  Professor George Sigerson, M.D., “Custodia Honesta for Political Prisoners: Custom in Foreign Nations,”
Votes for Women,
April 26, 1912.

6.
  Kallenbach,
Mit Adolf Hitler,
50.

7.
  Klaus Weichert, prison historian, letter to the author, July 13, 2015.

8.
  Hemmrich, “Adolf Hitler,” 3.

9.
  By mutual request, Landsberg’s two famous prisoners never met. Arco-Valley was a passionate opponent of Hitler’s. From prison history, “100 Jahre JVA Landsberg am Lech,” 30.

10.
  Hemmrich, “Adolf Hitler,” 14.

11.
  Trevor-Roper,
Hitler’s Secret Conversations,
281.

12.
  Kallenbach,
Mit Adolf Hitler,
photograph, 112b.

13.
  Hemmrich, “Adolf Hitler,” 5–6.

14.
  Gritschneder,
Der Hitler-Prozess
, Fritz Wiedemann,
Der Mann, der Feldherr werden wollte
(Vellberg und Kettwig: Verlag S. Kappe, 1964), 55.

15.
  Bavaria’s governor Eugen von Knilling to the envoy of neighboring Baden-Württemberg, in Plöckinger,
Geschichte,
21.

16.
  Hemmrich, “Adolf Hitler,” 11.

17.
  Ullrich,
Adolf Hitler: Biographie,
180.

18.
  Hemmrich, “Adolf Hitler,” 18.

19.
  Esser, documents.

20.
  Toland,
Adolf Hitler,
vol. 1, 190.

21.
  Ernst Deuerlein,
Der Aufstieg der NSDAP in Augenzeugenberichten
(Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1989), 202.

22.
  Plöckinger,
Geschichte,
29.

23.
  Deuerlein,
Aufstieg,
202.

24.
  Plöckinger,
Geschichte,
21.

25.
  Hemmrich, “Adolf Hitler,” 13.

26.
  Alois Maria Ott, letter to Werner Maser, December 12, 1973, from Institut für Zeitgeschichte, ED 699/42.

27.
  Ott, letter to Werner Maser, ED 699/42.

28.
  This entire section comes from Alois Maria Ott, “Aber plötzlich sprang Hitler auf…,”
Bayerischer Kurier,
November 3, 1973; “Von guter Selbstzucht und Beherrschung,”
Der Spiegel
16 (1989): 61.

29.
  Hanfstaengl,
Hitler,
113.

30.
  Hemmrich, “Adolf Hitler,” 15.

31.
  Plöckinger,
Geschichte,
32.

32.
  Nachlass Gritschneder (Papers), Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, Boxes 238–58.

33.
  His
Foundations of the Nineteenth Century,
written originally in German
(Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts),
was the preeminent racist tract of the early twentieth century, establishing the extremist notion that Aryans and especially Nordic peoples were the natural lords of the universe.

34.
  Brigitte Hamann,
Winifred Wagner: A Life at the Heart of Hitler’s Bayreuth
(New York: Harcourt, 2002, 2005), 70–71.