A History of Britain, Volume 2 (80 page)

I'm deeply grateful to a number of colleagues who were kind enough to read both scripts and chapters for errors, in particular John Brewer, Ann Hughes, Holger Hoock, Peter Marshall, Steven Pincus and David Haycock. Any that remain are, of course, my own responsibility.

In a much larger and deeper sense, though, I owe an enormous debt of gratitude to the wisdom and erudition of teachers (including schoolteachers), from whom I first learned the great contentions of British and colonial history in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and of friends and colleagues, whose scholarship and critical analysis is still a source of exhilarating illumination. Though they may well take exception to some (or many) of the views expressed in this book, I hope that the overdue thanks offered, in particular to David Armitage, Roy Avery, Robert Baynes, Mark Kishlansky, Sir John Plumb, Roy Porter, Kevin Sharpe and Quentin Skinner, will not go amiss.

My agents at PFD – Michael Sissons and Rosemary Scoular – have been, as ever, towers of strength on whom I lean, and occasionally collapse. My thanks, too, to James Gill, Sophie Laurimore and Carol Macarthur. Provost Jonathan Cole at Columbia University has been exceptionally kind in allowing me the necessary leave to work on the series and I'm delighted to have played a part in pioneering the on-line seminar, produced jointly by BBC Education and Columbia in partnership with Fathom. Com, about the eighteenth-century British Empire. Jennifer Scott was an extraordinary colleague in the production of that innovative departure in popular historical education.

Shifting back and forth between book and script-writing is likely to make the head spin, and certain to make the writer-presenter generally impossible to be around. So I'm, as always, more grateful than I can say to my friends for submitting to recitations from the Schama book of lamentations – thank you, again – Clare Beavan, Lily Brett, John Brewer, Tina Brown, Jan Dalley, Alison Dominitz, Harry Evans, Amanda Foreman, Eliot Friedman, Mindy Engel Friedman, Andrew Motion, David Rankin, David Remnick, Anthony Silverstone, Beverly Silverstone, Jill Slotover, Stella Tillyard, Bing Taylor and Leon Wieseltier. To my nearest and dearest – Ginny, Chloe and Gabe – I give my heartfelt thanks for riding the storms of their unreasonably cranky Dad and husband, and for the calm waters and always-open harbour of their love.

Abbreviations
BM Press – British Museum Press; CUP – Cambridge University Press; OUP – Oxford University Press; UCL – University College, London; UP – University Press

Abbott, W. C. (ed.),
Writings and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell
, 4 vols (Clarendon Press 1988)

Bowle, John (ed.),
The Diary of John Evelyn
(OUP 1983)

Bray, William (ed.),
The Diary of John Evelyn from 1641 to 1705–6
(Gibbings 1980)

Camden, William,
Remains Concerning Britain
(John Russell Smith 1974)

Carlyle, T.,
The Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell
, 3 vols, ed. S. C. Lomas (Methuen 1904)

Defoe, Daniel,
A Tour of the Whole Island of Great Britain
(1742)

Defoe, Daniel,
Union and No Union
(1713)

Edwards, Paul (ed.),
The Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa the African, Written by himself
(Longman 1988)

Firth, C. H.,
The Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, Lieutenant-general of the Horse in the Army in the Commonwealth of England, 1625–1672
(Clarendon Press 1894)

Gough, Richard,
The History of Myddle
, ed. David Hey (Penguin 1981)

Hobbes, Thomas,
Leviathan
(Everyman's Library 1914)

Holmes, G., and Speck, W. (eds.),
The Divided Society: Party Conflict in England, 1694–1716, Documents of Modern History
(Arnold 1967)

Hughes, Anne (ed.),
Seventeenth Century England. A Changing Culture: Primary Sources, Vol. 1
(OUP 1980)

Laslett, Peter (ed.),
Two Treatises of Government by John Locke
(CUP 1967)

Latham, Robert, and Matthews, William (eds.),
The Diary of Samuel Pepys. A New and Complete Transcription
(Bell & Hyman 1985)

Nichols, John,
The Progresses, Processions and Magnificent Festivities of King James I
(1828)

Petty, William,
Political Anatomy of Ireland
(Irish UP 1970)

Sommerville, J. P. (ed.),
Patriarcha and Other Writings by Sir Robert Filmer
(CUP 1991)

Spalding, Ruth (ed.),
The Diary of Bulstrode Whitelocke
(OUP 1990, for the British Academy)

Taylor, William Stanthorpe, and Pringle, Captain John Henry (eds.),
Correspondence of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham
, 4 vols (John Murray 1838–40)

Verney, Lady Frances Parthenope,
Memoirs of the Verney Family during the Civil War
, compiled from the letters, and illustrated by the portraits, at Claydon House (Longman 1892–1899)

Walpole, Horace,
Memoirs of the Reign of George the Third
, ed. G. F. Russell-Barker (Lawrence and Bullen 1894)

Beier, A. L., and Finlay, Roger,
London 1500–1700: The Making of the Metropolis
(Longman 1986)

Black, J.,
A History of the British Isles
(Macmillan 1997)

Bradshaw, B., and Morrill, J. (eds.),
The British Problem
, c.
1534–1707
(Macmillan 1996)

Brewer, John,
The Sinews of Power. War, Money and the English State, 1688–1783
(Unwin and Hyman 1989)

Broun, D,
et al
. (eds.),
Image and Identity: The Making and Re-making of Scotland through the Ages
(John Donald 1998)

Cannon, J. (ed.),
The Oxford Companion to British History
(OUP 1997)

Clark, J. C. D.,
Revolution and Rebellion
(CUP 1986)

Colley, Linda,
Britons: Forging the Nation, 1707–1837
(Yale UP 1992)

Connolly, S.J. (ed.),
The Oxford Companion to Irish History
(OUP 1998)

Coward, Barry,
The Stuart Age 1603–1714
(Longman 1994)

Davies, N.,
The Isles
(Macmillan 1999)

Davis, J.,
A History of Wales
(Penguin 1990)

Devine, T. M.,
The Scottish Nation, 1700–2000
(Penguin 1999)

Ellis, S. G., and Barber, S. (eds.),
Conquest and Union: Fashioning a British State, 1485–1725
(Longman 1995)

Fletcher, Anthony,
Gender, Sex and Subordination in England 1500–1800
(Yale UP 1995)

Foster, R. F,
Modern Ireland, 1600–1972
(Penguin 1988)

Grant, A., and Stringer, K.J. (eds.),
Uniting the Kingdom? The Making of British History
(Routledge 1995)

Heal, Felicity, and Holmes, Clive,
The Gentry in England and Wales 1500–1700
(Macmillan, 1994)

Hutchinson, Lucy,
Memoirs of the Life of Colonel Hutchinson
(1973)

Hutton, Ronald,
The Rise and Fall of Merry England: The Ritual Year 1400–1700
(OUP 1996)

Kearney, H.,
The British Isles: A History of Four Nations
(CUP 1989)

Kishlansky, Mark,
A Monarchy Transformed, Britain, 1603–1714
(Penguin 1996)

Kishlansky, Mark,
Parliamentary Selection: Social and Political Choice in Early Modern England
(CUP 1986)

Langford, Paul,
A Polite and Commercial People: England 1727–1783
(OUP 1992)

Lenman, Bruce,
An Economic History of Modern Scotland 1660–1976
(Batsford 1977)

Lynch, Michael,
Scotland: A New History
(Pimlico 1991)

Mitchison, Rosalind,
A History of Scotland
(Methuen 1982)

Patterson, Annabel,
Early Modern Liberalism
(CUP 1997)

Rosenheim, James,
The Emergence of a Ruling Order: English Landed Society 1650–1750
(Longman 1998)

Samuel, Raphael,
Theatres of Memory: Vol. 2: Island Stories. Unravelling Britain
(Verso 1998)

Scott, Jonathan,
England's Troubles: Seventeenth Century English Political Instability in European Context
(CUP 2000)

Skinner, Quentin,
Liberty Before Liberalism
(CUP 1998)

Smith, A. G. R.,
The Emergence of a Nation State: The Commonwealth of England, 1529–1660
(Longman 1992)

Underdown, David,
A Freeborn People: Politics and the Nation in Seventeenth Century England
(Clarendon 1996)

Wrightson, Keith,
English Society 1580–1680
(Hutchinson 1982)

CHAPTER ONE

Amussen, S., and Kishlansky, M. (eds.),
Political Culture and Cultural Politics in Early Modern England
(Manchester UP 1995)

Anderson, M. D.,
History and Imagery in British Churches
(John Murray 1971)

Ashton, R.,
James I by his Contemporaries
(Hutchinson 1969)

Clarke, Aidan,
The Old English in Ireland 1625–1642
(Cornell UP and MacGibbon & Kee 1966)

Coward, Barry,
The Stuart Age: England, 1603–1714
(Longman 1994)

Burgess, Glenn,
Absolute Monarchy and the Stuart Constitution
(Yale UP 1996)

Cust, Richard,
The Forced Loan and English Politics 1626–8
(Clarendon 1987)

Cust, Richard, and Hughes, Anne (eds.),
Conflict in Early Stuart England: Studies in Religion and Politics, 1603–42
(Longman 1989)

Donaldson, G.,
Scotland: James V–VII
(Edinburgh UP 1965)

Durston, C.,
James I
(Routledge 1993)

Eales, Jacqueline, and Durston, Christopher (eds.),
The Culture of English Puritanism, 1560–1700
(Macmillan 1990)

Farrell, Lori Anne,
Government by Polemic: James I, The King's Preachers, and the Rhetoric of Conformity, 1603–1625
(Stanford UP 1998)

Fitzpatrick, Brendan,
Seventeenth Century Ireland
(Gill & Macmillan 1988)

Hill, Christopher,
A Nation of Change and Novelty: Radical Politics, Religion and Literature in Seventeenth-century England
(Routledge 1990)

Hirst, Derek,
Authority and Conflict, England, 1603–1658
(Arnold 1986)

Holstun, James,
Ehud's Dagger: Class Struggle in the English Revolution
(Verso 2000)

Howarth, David (ed.),
Art and Patronage in the Caroline Courts
(CUP 1993)

Jardine, L. and Stewart, A.,
Hostage to Fortune: The Troubled Life of Francis Bacon
(Phoenix 2000)

Lee, Maurice (Jr.),
Great Britain's Solomon: James VI and I in his Three Kingdoms
(University of Illinois Press 1990)

Lockyer, Roger,
Buckingham: The Life and Political Career of George Villiers, First Duke of Buckingham
(Longman 1981)

McGrath, Alister,
In the Beginning, The Story of the King James Bible
(Hodder & Stoughton 2001)

Nenner, Howard,
The Right to be King: The Succession to the Crown of England, 1603–1714
(Macmillan 1995)

Parry, Graham,
The Golden Age Restored: The Culture of the Court, 1603–42
(Manchester UP 1981)

Peck, Linda Levy (ed.),
The Mental World of the Jacobean Court
(CUP 1991)

Pocock, J. G. A.,
The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law: A Study of English Historical Thought in the Seventeenth Century
(CUP 1987)

Russell, Conrad,
The Crisis of Parliaments: English History, 1509–1660
(OUP 1971)

Sharpe, Kevin, and Lake, Peter (eds.),
Culture and Politics in Early Stuart England
(Macmillan 1994)

Smith, A. G. R. (ed.),
The Reign of James VI and I
(Macmillan 1973)

Sommerville, J. P.,
Royalists and Patriots: Politics and Ideology in England, 1603–1640
(Longman 1999)

Strong, Roy,
Henry, Prince of Wales and England's Lost Renaissance
(Thames & Hudson, 1986)

Wendorf, Richard,
The Elements of Life: Biography and Portrait Painting in Stuart and Georgian England
(Clarendon 1990)

Willson, D. H.,
King James VI and I
(Jonathan Cape 1963)

Wormald, Jenny,
Court, Kirk and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625
(Edinburgh UP 1981)

Zaret, Paul,
The Origins of Democratic Culture: Printing, Petitions and the Public Sphere in Early Modern England
(Princeton UP 2000)

CHAPTER TWO

Adair, John,
John Hampden: The Patriot
(MacDonald & Jane's 1976)

Adair, John,
Puritans
(Sutton 1998)

Adair, John,
Roundhead General: The Campaigns of Sir William Waller
(Sutton 1997)

Bennett, Martyn,
The Civil Wars Experienced: Britain and Ireland, 1638–61
(Routledge 2000)

Carlin, Nora,
The Causes of the English Civil War
(Blackwell 1999)

Carlton, C.,
Going to the Wars: The Experience of the British Civil Wars, 1638–51
(Routledge 1992)

Cope, Esther,
Politics without Parliaments, 1629–1640
(Allen & Unwin 1987)

Cust, Richard, and Hughes, Anne (eds.),
Conflict in Early Stuart England: Studies in Religion and Politics, 1603–1642
(Longman 1989)

Eales, Jacqueline,
Puritans and Roundheads: The Harleys of Brampton Bryan and the Outbreak of the English Civil War
(CUP 1990)

Emberton, Wilfrid,
The English Civil War Day by Day
(Sutton 1995)

Fletcher, Anthony,
The Outbreak of the English Civil War
(Edward Arnold 1981)

Fraser, Antonia,
Cromwell: Our Chief of Men
(Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1973)