A Queer History of the United States (43 page)

Stallybrass, Peter, 113–14, 128

Stebbins, Emma, 71, 75

Stein, Gertrude, xx

sterilization, 133

Stoddard, Charles Warren, 58, 60, 61, 62, 67, 77, 80

Stonewall incident, xiv, 1, 209–10, 214, 219

Students for a Democratic Society, 206, 208

suburbanization, 170

suffrage: in American Civil War era, 70; American Woman Suffrage Association, 56; economy and, 84; identity and, 40; labor and, 88; marriage and, 84; movements for, 31–32; Nineteenth Amendment, 84; race and, 89; sexology and, 96; sexuality and, 84; social purity movements and, 84, 87, 102–3

Sumner, Charles, 55, 75

Supreme Court cases:
Bowers v. Hardwick
, 230;
Brown v. Board of Education
, 93;
Buck v. Bell
, 133;
Lawrence v. Texas
, 236;
Loving v. Virginia
, 174;
Plessy v. Ferguson
, 92–93;
Romer v. Evans
, 238;
Roth v. United States
, 201;
USDA v. Moreno
, 238–39.
See also
Constitution

Symonds, John Addington, xv–xvi, 75, 77–78, 80, 81, 126

sympathy, 49–50

Tanguay, Eva, 120

Tannyhill, Alfred, 76

Tarzan of the Apes
(Burroughs), 135–36

Taylor, Bayard, 67–68

Tea and Sympathy
(Anderson), 197

television, 215–16, 237–38

Tellier, André, 126

terminology.
See
language

Tesch, Gerald, 184

theater: in 1950s, 197; in 1960s, 198–99; in American Civil War era, 71, 72; censorship of, 104, 116, 117–18, 197; community and, 111, 114, 120–22; cross-dressing and, 6; in England, 6; fantasies and, 104; gender and, 104–6, 113–18, 119–22; identity and, 105; inversion and, 105, 114; journalism and, 116, 117; morality and, 104–6; in New York City, 117–18, 198–99; othering and, 113–14; police and, 117; prostitution and, 104; race and, 115, 198–99; religion and, 117–18; same-sex relationships and, 120–22; in San Francisco, 198; sexology and, 115–16; sexuality and, 104–6, 113–18, 119–22; social purity movements and, 87, 104; urbanization and, 104–6, 111; World War II and, 158, 161–62.
See also
entertainment

Thomas, M. Cary, 73, 89

Thompson, Frank.
See
Edmonds, Sarah Emma

Thompson, Lydia, 105, 106

Thoreau, Henry David, 50–51, 56–57, 58, 77, 93

Tomorrow's Man
, 188–89, 194

transcendentalism, 49–52, 53, 56–57, 64, 66, 80

transgender, 38–39, 55–56, 69–70, 211, 214

transvestism, 38–39

Tryon, Tom, 192, 193–94

Tubman, Harriet, 235

Twain, Mark, 57, 58, 83

Twilight Men
(Tellier), 126

Two College Friends
(Loring), 67

Tyler, Royall, 29–30

Typee
(Melville), 58, 61

Ulrichs, Karl, xv–xvi, xvi–xvii, 78–79, 80, 115–16

urbanization: in 1970s, 216, 217; brothels and, 85–86; community and, 106–13, 122–28, 170–75; consumerism and, 129, 130; crime and, 123–25; desire and, 123; economy and, 129, 130; entertainment and, 104–6, 111, 113–22, 171–73, 217; family and, 106, 108–9; homosocial space and, 109–11; housing and, 107–9; identity and, 106, 130; inversion and, 105, 114, 123; journalism and, 124; labor and, 107, 109; language and, 114; laws and, 117–18, 123–25; leisure and, 111–12, 113, 217; LGBT movements and, 216, 217; liberty and, 103; literature and, 123, 125–26; morality and, 85–86, 100–101, 107–8; police and, 117, 123, 171, 173–74; population and, 105–6, 106–7, 129; privacy and, 122–28; public sphere and, 122–28; race and, 112–13, 173–75; Red Scare and, 144; San Francisco and, 121; sexology and, 100–101; social purity movements and, 83–87, 100–101, 123–25; suburban-ization, 170; violence and, 173–74; World War II and, 152, 156, 170–75

Valentino, Rudolph, 118–19, 216

Van Druten, John, 197

van Itallie, Jean-Claude, 198

vaudeville, 113, 118, 120–22

Vidal, Gore, 168, 198

Vietnam War, 205–6, 207–8, 212, 221

violence: in 1960s, 206, 207–8, 209–10; in 1970s, 224; in American Civil War era, 40, 63, 64–66, 69; the body and, 17; civil rights and, 206, 241–42; in colonial era, 2, 5, 18; community and, 48; crime and, 173–74; domestic abuse, 84; expansion and, 40–41, 47, 48; fantasies and, 24; gender and, 64–66; identity and, 40–41; immigration and, 82; Jim Crow era and, 82; labor and, 92–93; LGBT movements and, 209–10, 224, 241–42; marginalization and, 173–74; in Mexican War, 40, 63; Native Americans and, 2, 5, 18, 41; race and, 64–65, 82, 89–90, 91, 135–36, 173–74, 206; rape, 25; in San Francisco, 47, 48, 224; slavery and, 24, 40–41; social purity movements and, 84, 136; in Spanish-American War, 63; urbanization and, 173–74; Vietnam War and, 205–6, 207–8; in War of 1812, 40, 63; wars and, generally, 40–41, 63; in the West, 47, 48; World War II and, 173–74

Voltaire, 27–28

von Gloeden, Wilhelm, 75–76, 77, 188

Wahl, Loren, 168

Wald, Lillian, 109–11, 148

Warhol, Andy, 194, 199–200

wars, xix, 40–41, 63, 235.
See also
individual wars

Washington, George, 31, 34–35, 49

Webster, Daniel, xi–xii, 33, 45

Wells, Ida B., 89–90

Werther, Ralph.
See
Lind, Earl

West, Mae, 115–16, 117–18

Whitman, Walt: influence of, xii, 83–85, 93, 109, 190, 201, 235; literature of, 1, 65–67, 77–82; relationships of, 76, 77–78, 105

Wieners, John, 200

Wigglesworth, Michael, 11

Wilberforce, William, 64

Wilde, Oscar, xii, 76, 77, 94, 109, 116, 198

The Wild Ones
, 190

Wilhelm, Gale, 126

Wilkinson, Jemima, 35–36, 38–39, 235

Willard, Frances, 89–90, 102

Williams, Roger, 13, 15

Williams, Tennessee, 197

Willingham, Calder, 197

Winthrop, John, 6, 8, 9, 67

Winthrop, Theodore, 67

Wittman, Carl, 208–9, 234

The Wizard of Oz
, 115

Wobblies, 94, 146

women.
See
gender

Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES), 155, 157–58

Women's Army Corps (WAC), 155, 157–58, 160, 161, 162

Women's Liberation Front, 207, 210, 214

Woodhull, Victoria, 81–82, 84, 93, 151, 235

The World Next Door
(Peters), 168

World War I, 138, 142–43, 146, 147–48

World War II:
Allan v. Pemberton-Billing
trial and, 116–17; the body and, 157, 162–63, 167; censorship and, 157, 169–70; citizenship and, 152–53, 166; community and, 160–63, 170–75, 176–77; consumerism and, 162–63; crime and, 171; culture and, 152; desire and, 156–57, 160, 162, 168; deviance and, 158–59; dress and, 196; economy and, 152, 171; emotion and, 156–57, 167–69; entertainment and, 158, 161–62, 163, 171–73; entry into, 152, 159; family and, 156, 170; gender and, 153–58, 167, 196; homosocial space and, 157–58; housing and, 153, 171; identity and, 155, 156; inversion and, 163–64; journalism and, 156, 176; labor and, 154–55, 156, 167, 171; leisure and, 161, 163, 164–65, 171–73; liberty and, 157–58, 170; literature and, 163–65, 167–70, 190; marriage and, 156, 170, 174; military in, 153–54, 155, 157–63, 164–67; patriotism and, 156; peace movements and, 148; police and, 171, 173–74; postwar effects of, 167–75; privacy and, 152, 156–57; public sphere and, 152, 156–57; race and, 153–54, 155, 156, 163, 165–66, 169, 173–75; recruitment for, 158–60; reproduction and, 170; same-sex relationships and, 153, 157–67, 167–70; social class and, 154; sodomy and, 158, 165; urbanization and, 152, 156, 170–75; violence and, 173–74

Wright, Nathaniel Hill, 37

Wylie, Philip, 164, 215

Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA), 107–8, 111–12, 174

Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), 108

Yourcenar, Marguerite, 183

Ziegfeld Girls, 115

Zinn, Howard, ix, 38, 205

About the Author

Michael Bronski is an independent scholar and the author of
Culture Clash: The Making of Gay Sensibility
(1984);
The Pleasure Principle: Sex, Backlash, and the Struggle for Gay Freedom
(1998); and
Pulp Friction: Uncovering the Golden Age of Gay Male Pulps
(2003). He was presented with the prestigious Stonewall Award in 2000 and is the recipient of two Lammy awards. He is a senior lecturer in women’s and gender studies at Dartmouth College.

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Beacon Press's ReVisioning American History series consists of accessibly written books by notable scholars that reconstruct and reinterpret U.S. history from diverse perspectives.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Bronski, Michael.

A queer history of the United States / by Michael Bronski.

p. cm. — (ReVisioning American history)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-8070-4439-1 (hardback)

E-ISBN 978-0-8070-4466-7

1. Homosexuality—United States—History. 2. Gays—United States—History. 3. Homosexuality—United States—Miscellanea. I. Title.

HQ76.3.U5B696 2011

306.76'60973—dc22 2010050225v