A World on Fire: Britain's Crucial Role in the American Civil War (169 page)

31.
The officers either knew or were related to one another to a remarkable degree. Fifth Lieutenant Irvine Bulloch, for example, was James Bulloch’s younger half-brother; midshipman Edward Maffit Anderson, was the son of Edward Charles Anderson who had directed the Confederate navy’s purchasing operations so ably in 1861; and midshipman Eugene Anderson Maffit was his cousin.

32.
Semmes,
Service Afloat
, p. 427.

33.
Raimondo Luraghi,
A History of the Confederate Navy
(Annapolis, Md., 1996), p. 227.

34.
In truth, USS
Hatteras
was not such a formidable opponent after all, being little more than a refitted passenger ship with about half the
Alabama
’s firepower. Charles Grayson Summersell,
The Journal of George Townley Fullam
(Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1973), p. 72.

35.
Semmes,
Service Afloat
, p. 543.

36.
Norman C. Delaney,
John McIntosh Kell of the Raider Alabama
(Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1973), p. 143.

37.
Douglas Maynard, “Civil War ‘Care’: The Mission of the George Griswold,”
New England Quarterly
, 34/3 (1961), p. 300.

38.
Ibid., p. 303.

39.
David Herbert Donald,
Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man
(New York, 1970), p. 109.

40.
PRO 30/22/37, ff. 29–30, Lyons to Russell, February 24, 1863.

41.
Beverly Wilson Palmer (ed.),
The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner
, 2 vols. (Boston, 1990), vol. 1, p. 148, Sumner to John Bright, March 16, 1863.

42.
Brian Jenkins,
Britain and the War for the Union
, 2 vols. (Montreal, 1974, 1980), vol. 2, p. 185. Modern, low-cost, British-built and -owned steamships were monopolizing the Atlantic trade because their American competitors were old-fashioned sailboats.

43.
New York Times
, November 21, 1862.

Chapter 17: “The Tinsel Has Worn Off”

 
1.
Speeches, Arguments, Addresses, and Letters of Clement L. Vallandigham
(New York, 1864), p. 430.

 
2.
BL Add. MS 415670, f. 245, Herbert to mother, March 10, 1863. The source for the footnote on this page is Francis Galton (ed.),
Vacation Tourists, 1862–1863
(London, 1864), p. 398.

 
3.
Charles Herbert Mayo,
Genealogical History of the Mayo and Elton Family
(privately printed, 1882), p. 230.

 
4.
Wendy Trewin,
All on Stage: Charles Wyndham and the Alberys
(London, 1980), p. 8.

 
5.
Ibid., p. 11. This says his father encouraged him. But Wyndham himself says the family opposed the move and refused to support him financially. Thomas E. Pemberton,
Sir Charles Wyndham: A Biography
(London, 1904), pp. 8, 33.

 
6.
Trewin,
All on Stage
, p. 18.

 
7.
http://oha.alexandriava.gov/fortward/special-sections/voices/
, testimony of William Wallace, 3rd Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry.

 
8.
W. C. Ford (ed.),
A Cycle of Adams Letters, 1861–1865
, 2 vols. (Boston, 1920), vol. 1, p. 206, Charles Francis Adams, Jr., to mother, December 21, 1862.

 
9.
Wyndham was always a favorite with the press, and his side was taken by
Dawson’s Daily Times and Union
, a popular Indiana newspaper, which declared that the resignation had been a matter of principle since he held Colonel Butler in such low esteem.

10.
NARA, CB MID64, roll 66, Report by General Heintzelman, January 20, 1863.

11.
BL Add. MS 415670, ff. 242–43, Herbert to Jack, January 28, 1863.

12.
New-York Historical Society,
Narrative of Ebenezer Wells
(
c
. 1881), January 1863.

13.
BL Add. MS 415670, ff. 242–43, Herbert to Jack, January 28, 1863.

14.
Ford (ed.),
A Cycle of Adams Letters
, vol. 1, p. 250, Charles Francis Adams, Jr., to Henry Adams, January 30, 1863.

15.
Ibid., p. 264, Charles Francis Adams, Jr., to Charles Francis Adams, March 8, 1863.

16.
Galton (ed
.
),
Vacation Tourists
, p. 401.

17.
Robert Underwood Johnson and Clarence Clough Buel (eds.),
Battles and Leaders of the Civil War
, 3 vols. (Secaucus, N.J., 1985), vol. 3, p. 150.

18.
Ibid.

19.
The Memoirs of Colonel John S. Mosby
, ed. Charles W. Russell (Boston, 1917), p. 175.

20.
Jeffry D. Wert,
Mosby’s Rangers
(New York, 1990), p. 48.

21.
Duke University, Malet family MSS, Malet to father, January 19, 1863.

22.
Henry Vane,
Affair of State
(London, 2004), p. 62.

23.
Devonshire MSS, Chatsworth, 2nd series (340.184), Hartington to 7
^th
Duke, January 21, 1863.

24.
University of Georgia Libraries, Athens, Ga., mss 340, A. Trevor-Batyre, “A Noble Englishman, Being Chapters in the Life of Henry Wemyss Feilden,” p. 6.

25.
Their romanticized portrayal of the Confederacy inspired fiction writers to develop the theme. In 1862 the pulp writer William Stephens Hayward began his series about Captain George, a dashing English adventurer who travels to the South to fight for its cause. The popularity of the series prompted a host of imitations, all based in the South.

26.
The Charleston Chamber of Commerce and the Society of St. George both held farewell dinners for Mr. Bunch.

27.
South Carolina Historical Society, Feilden-Smythe MSS, Feilden to aunt, March 4, 1863.

28.
Ibid.

Chapter 18: Faltering Steps of a Counterrevolution

 
1.
Illustrated London News
, May 16, 1863. Vizetelly sometimes shocked his Confederate friends by his casual attitude toward strict accuracy. See G. Moxley Sorrel,
Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer
(Lincoln, Nebr., 1999), p. 205.

 
2.
Francis Galton (ed.),
Vacation Tourists, 1862–1863
(London, 1864), p. 399.

 
3.
Robert N. Rosen,
Confederate Charleston
(Columbia, SC, 1994), p. 99.

 
4.
South Carolina Historical Society, Feilden-Smythe MSS, Feilden to Phil, April 16, 1863.
Illustrated London News
, May 16, 1863.

 
5.
Diary of Gideon Welles
, 3 vols. (Boston, 1911), vol. 1, p. 276, April 20, 1863.

 
6.
Doris Kearns Goodwin,
Team of Rivals
(New York, 2005), p. 511. Albert E. H. Johnson, “Reminiscences of the Hon. Edwin M. Stanton,”
Records of the Columbia Historical Society
(1910), p. 80.

 
7.
NARA, T.168, roll 31, vol. 31, doc. 3, Morse to Seward, January 3, 1863.

 
8.
Russell was pleased by his success but annoyed with his publishers. They had cut out 186 pages, he told the U.S. consul in Paris, John Bigelow. The book accurately reflected his feelings, except “I must own I felt more hurt than I can or cared well to say at being refused leave to go with McClellan, as I was most anxious to show it was not my fault that Bull Run No. 1 ended with a panic.… I believe in my heart, however, that I do not entertain the smallest unkindly feeling towards a single citizen of the United States.” John Bigelow,
Retrospections of an Active Life, Part I, 1817–1863
, 5 vols. (New York, 1909), vol. 1, pp. 605–6, Russell to Bigelow, February 25, 1863.

 
9.
Sarah Agnes Wallace and Frances Elma Gillespie (eds.),
The Journal of Benjamin Moran
, 2 vols. (Chicago, 1948, 1949), vol. 2, p. 1106, January 14, 1863.

10.
Ibid., p. 1110, January 21, 1863.

11.
NARA, T. 168, roll 31, vol. 31, doc. 3, Morse to Seward, January 3, 1863.

12.
Illustrated London News
, February 7, 1863.

13.
Philip Van Doren Stern,
When the Guns Roared: World Aspects of the American Civil War
(New York, 1965), p. 177.

14.
Wallace and Gillespie (eds.),
The Journal of Benjamin Moran
, vol. 2, p. 1108, January 16, 1863.

15.
Henry Adams,
The Education of Henry Adams
, ed. Ernest Samuels (repr. Boston, 1973), pp. 142–43.

16.
Wallace and Gillespie (eds.),
The Journal of Benjamin Moran
, vol. 2, p. 1121, February 14, 1863.

17.
Outraged by the plight of two British subjects imprisoned for alleged desertion, the British consul in Philadelphia sent an unofficial protest to the State Department. William Seward thought that the letter had to be an exaggeration, at least he hoped so, but he was sufficiently disturbed to write to the secretary of war, Edwin Stanton: “The granite walls of the dungeons are represented to be wet with moisture, the stone floor damp and cold, the air impure and deathly, no bed or couches to lie upon and offensive vermin crawling in every direction. It is also represented that the prisoners are allowed no water with which to wash themselves or change of clothing and are on every side surrounded by filth and vermin.” OR, ser. 2, vol. 5, p. 118, Seward to Stanton, January 27, 1863.

18.
MHS, Adams MSS, Diary of Charles Francis Adams, February 9, 1863.

19.
Ibid., February 11, 1863.

20.
Ibid., February 25, 1863.

21.
Ibid., February 28, 1863.

22.
Wallace and Gillespie (eds.),
The Journal of Benjamin Moran
, vol. 2, p. 1136, March 18, 1863.