Bold (41 page)

56
 For a great introduction to and overview of synthetic biology, see Andrew Hessel's blog at
www.andrewhessel.com
.

57
 Elsa Wenzel, “Scientists create glow-in-the-dark cats,” CNET, December 12, 2007,
http://www.cnet.com/news/scientists-create-glow-in-the-dark-cats/
.

58
 All Andrew Hessel quotes come from a series of AIs conducted in 2013.

59
 For a full recounting of Venter's discoveries, see Steven Kotler, Marc Goodman, and Andrew Hessel, “Hacking the President's DNA,”
The Atlantic
, October 24, 2012,
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/11/hacking-the-presidents-dna/309147/
.

60
 AI with Carlos Olguin conducted in 2013. Also see
http://www.autodeskresearch.com/projects/cyborg
.

61
 See
http://www.humanlongevity.com
.

62
 Walter Isaacson,
Steve Jobs
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2011), 92.

1
 “Skunk works,”
Worldwidewords.com
,
http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-sku1.htm
.

2
 Lockheed Martin, “Skunk Works Origin Story,”
Lockheedmartin.com
,
http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/aeronautics/skunkworks/origin.html
.

3
 Matthew E May, “The Rules of Successful Skunk Works Projects,”
Fast Company
, October 9, 2012,
http://www.fastcompany.com/3001702/rules-successful-skunk-works-projects
.

4
 Unless otherwise noted, all Gary Latham and Edwin Locke quotes are taken from a series of AIs conducted in 2013.

5
 Edwin Locke and Gary Latham, “New Directions in Goal-Setting Theory,”
Current Directions in Psychological Science
15, no. 5 (2006): 265–68.

6
 Lockheed Martin, “Kelly's 14 Rules & Practices,”
Lockheedmartin.com
,
http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/aeronautics/skunkworks/14rules.html
.

7
 Jeff Bezos, “2012 re: Invent Day 2: Fireside Chat with Jeff Bezos & Werner Vogels,” November 29, 2012. See
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4MtQGRIIuA
.

8
 Dominic Basulto, “The new #Fail: Fail fast, fail early and fail often,”
Washington Post
, May 30, 2012,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/innovations/post/the-new-fail-fail-fast-fail-early-and-fail-often/2012/05/30/gJQAKA891U_blog.html
.

9
 John Anderson, “Change on a Dime: Agile Design,”
UX Magazine
, July 19, 2011,
http://uxmag.com/articles/change-on-a-dime-agile-design
.

10
 AI with Ismail, 2013.

11
 For an amazing breakdown of these ideas, see Dan Pink, “RSA Animate—Drive: The surprising truth about what motivates us,” RSA, April 1, 2010,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6XAPnuFjJc
.

12
 Daniel Kahneman, “The riddle of experience vs. memory,” TED, March 1, 2010,
http://www.ted.com/talks/daniel_kahneman_the_riddle_of_experience_vs_memory
.

13
 Daniel H. Pink,
Drive:
The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us
(New York: Riverhead Books, 2010).

14
 Christopher Mims, “When 110% won't do: Google engineers insist 20% time is not dead—it's just turned into 120% time”
qz.com
, August 16, 2013.

15
 James Marshall Reilly, “The Zappos Story: How Failure can Fuel Business Success,”
Monster.com
,
http://hiring.monster.com/hr/hr-best-practices/workforce-management/hr-management-skills/business-success.aspx
.

16
 All Astro Teller quotes come from a series of AIs conducted between 2013 and 2014.

17
 Susan Wojcicki, “The Eight Pillars of Innovation,”
thinkwithgoogle.com
, July 2011,
http://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/articles/8-pillars-of-innovation.html
.

18
 For a much deeper look at flow and its impact on performance see Steven Kotler,
The Rise of Superman: Decoding the Science of Ultimate Human Performance
(New York: New Harvest, 2014).

19
 AI with John Hagel conducted 2014.

20
 Steven Kotler and Jamie Wheal, “Five Surprising Ways Richard Branson Harnessed Flow to Build A Multi-Billion Dollar Empire,”
Forbes
, March 25, 2014,
http://www.forbes.com/sites/stevenkotler/2014/03/25/five-surprising-ways-richard-branson-harnessed-flow-to-build-a-multi-billion-dollar-empire/
.

21
 Steven Kotler, “The Rise of Superman: 17 Flow Triggers,” Slideshare.net, March 2014,
http://www.slideshare.net/StevenKotler/17-flow-triggers
.

22
 AI with Ned Hallowell conducted 2013.

23
 Kevin Rathunde, “Montessori Education and Optimal Experience: A Framework for New Research,”
The NAMTA Journal
(Winter 2001): 11–43.

24
 Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi,
Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience
(New York: Harper & Row, 1990), 48–70.

25
 For a great breakdown of group flow and the social triggers see Keith Sawyer,
Group Genius: The Creative Power of Collaboration
(New York: Basic Books), 2008.

26
 AI with Ismail, 2013.

1
 Jon Stewart,
The Daily Show
, April 24, 2012.

2
 See
http://www.planetaryresources.com
.

3
 Space Adventures was cofounded in partnership with Mike McDowell, who served as the company's first CEO and chairman.

4
 For a nice breakdown of Branson's space plans, see Elizabeth Howell, “Virgin Galactic: Richard Branson's Space Tourism Company,”
Space.com
, December 20, 2012,
http://www.space.com/18993-virgin-galactic.html
.

5
 See
http://www.blueorigin.com
.

6
 Justine Bachman, “Elon Musk Wants SpaceX to Replace Russia as NASA's Space Station Transport,”
Bloomberg Businessweek
, April 30, 2014,
http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-04-30/elon-musk-wants-spacex-to-replace-russia-as-nasas-space-station-transport
.

7
 AI with Chris Anderson conducted 2013.

8
 Mikhail S. Arlazorov, “Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky,”
Britannica.com
, May 30, 2013,
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/607781/Konstantin-Eduardovich-Tsiolkovsky
.

9
 For a breakdown of these missions, see Steven Kotler, “The Great Galactic Gold Rush,”
Playboy
, March, 2011, available at:
www.stevenkotler.com
.

10
 See
http://seds.org
.

11
 The early founding days of SEDS was supported by a number of key individuals who deserve recognition, including James Muncy, Morris Hornik, Maryann Grams, Frank Taylor, Brian Ceccarelli, Eric Dahlstrom, David C. Webb, Gregg Maryniak, Scott Scharfman, and Eric Drexler.

12
 See
http://www.isunet.edu
.

13
 The event was called Space Fair. It was held in 1983, 1985, and 1987. Ken Sunshine, vice-chairman, deserves recognition. Special thanks to MIT president Paul Gray, who supported me far beyond what I deserved and taught me that MIT has viscosity. You get things done as long as you keep pushing.

14
 Locke and Latham, “New Directions in Goal-Setting Theory.”

15
 It was my dear friend Gregg Maryniak who first introduced me to this story. As it has been fundamental to my success, a deep debt of gratitude is owed.

16
 Wikipedia does a great job with the history of “stone soup,” see
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Soup
. Also see Marcia Brown,
Stone Soup
(New York: Aladdin Picture Books), 1997.

17
 AI with Hagel.

18
 John Hagel, “Pursuing Passion,”
Edge Perspectives with John Hagel
, November 14, 2009,
http://edgeperspectives.typepad.com/edge_perspectives/2009/11/pursuing-passion.html
.

19
 Gregory Berns, “In Hard Times, Fear Can Impair Decision Making,”
New York Times
,
December 6, 2008.

1
 Elon Musk, “The Rocket Scientist Model for
Iron Man
,”
Time
,
http://content.time.com/time/video/player/0,32068,81836143001_1987904,00.html
.

2
 Unless otherwise noted, historical details and Musk quotes come from a series of AIs between 2012 and 2014.

3
 AI, XPRIZE Adventure Trip, February 2013.

4
 Thomas Owen, “Tesla's Elon Musk: ‘I Ran Out of Cash,' ”
VentureBeat
, May 2010,
http://venturebeat.com/2010/05/27/elon-musk-personal-finances/
.

5
 Andrew Sorkin, Dealbook: “Elon Musk, of PayPal and Tesla Fame, Is Broke,”
New York Times
, June 2010,
http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2010/06/22/sorkin-elon-musk-of-paypal-and-tesla-fame-is-broke/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0
.

6
 SpaceX, “About Page,”
http://www.spacex.com/about
.

7
 Kenneth Chang, “First Private Craft Docks With Space Station,”
New York Times
, May 2012,
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/26/science/space/space-x-capsule-docks-at-space-station.html
.

8
 Elon Musk interviewed by Kevin Fong,
Scott's Legacy
, a BBC Radio 4 program, cited in Jonathan Amos, “Mars for the ‘average person,' ” BBC News, March 20, 2012,
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-17439490
.

9
 Diarmuid O'Connell, Statement from Tesla's vice president of corporate and business development, reported in Hunter Walker, “White House Won't Back Tesla in Direct Sales Fight” in
Business Insider
, July 14, 2014,
http://www.businessinsider.com/white-house-wont-back-tesla-2014-7
.

10
 Daniel Gross, “Elon's Élan,”
Slate
, April 30, 2014,
http://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2014/04/tesla_and_spacex_founder_elon_musk_has_a_knack_for_getting_others_to_fund.html
.

11
 Kevin Rose, “Elon Musk,” Video Interview, Episode 20,
Foundation
, September 2012,
http://foundation.bz/20/
.

12
 Daniel Kahneman, “Why We Make Bad Decisions About Money (And What We Can Do About It),”
Big Think
, Interview, June 2013,
http://bigthink.com/videos/why-we-make-bad-decisions-about-money-and-what-we-can-do-about-it-2
.

13
 Chris Anderson, “The Shared Genius of Elon Musk and Steve Jobs”,
Fortune
, November 21, 2013,
http://fortune.com/2013/11/21/the-shared-genius-of-elon-musk-and-steve-jobs/
.

14
 AI, September 2013.

15
 Eric Kelsey, “Branson recalls tears, $1 billion check in Virgin Records sale,”
Reuters
, October 23, 2013,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/24/us-richardbranson-virgin-idUSBRE99N01U20131024
.

16
 
Forbes
, The World's Billionaires: #303 Richard Branson,
August 2014,
http://www.forbes.com/profile/richard-branson/
.

17
 Richard Branson, “BA Can't Get It Up - best stunt ever?,” Virgin, 2012,
http://www.virgin.com/richard-branson/ba-cant-get-it-up-best-stunt-ever
.

18
 Richard Branson,
Screw It, Let's Do It: Lessons in Life
(Virgin Books, March 2006).

19
 “Galactic Announces Partnership,” Virgin Galactic, July 2009,
http://www.virgingalactic.com/news/item/galactic-anounces-partnership/
.

20
 Nour Malas, “Abu Dhabi's Aabar boosts Virgin Galactic stake,” Market Watch, October 19, 2011,
http://www.marketwatch.com/story/abu-dhabis-aabar-boosts-virgin-galactic-stake-2011-10-19
.

21
 Loretta Hidalgo Whitesides, “Google and Virgin Team Up to Spell ‘Virgle,' ”
Wired
, April 1, 2008,
http://www.wired.com/2008/04/google-and-virg/
.

22
 “Jeffrey Preston Bezos,”
Bio
. A&E Television Networks, 2014,
http://www.biography.com/people/jeff-bezos-9542209
.

23
 Brad Stone,
The Everything Store: Jeff Bezos and the Age of Amazon
(New York: Little, Brown, 2014).

24
 “Jeffrey P. Bezos Biography,” Academy of Achievement, November 2013,
http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/bez0bio-1
.

25
 Suzanne Galante and Dawn Kawamoto, “Amazon IPO skyrockets,” CNET, May 15, 1997,
http://news.cnet.com/2100-1001-279781.html
.

26
 Jeffery P. Bezos, “1997 Letter to Shareholders,”
Amazon.com
,
Ben's Blog
, 1997,
http://benhorowitz.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/amzn_shareholder-letter-20072.pdf

27
 “2012 re: Invent Day 2: Fireside Chat with Jeff Bezos and Werner Vogels.”

28
 Julie Bort, “Amazon Is Crushing IBM, Microsoft, And Google in Cloud Computing, Says Report,”
Business Insider
, November 26, 2013,
http://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-cloud-beats-ibm-microsoft-google-2013-11#ixzz37zMH8gUr
.