Cadwallader Colden (21 page)

16
. Edmund Berkeley and Dorothy Smith Berkeley,
Dr. John Mitchell
(Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1974), p. 167.

17
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. IV, p. 287.

18
. Ibid., pp. 389–91.

19
. Smith,
The History of the Province of New-York…to the Year MDCCXXXII
, pp. 132–41.

20
. Ibid., pp. 142–46.

21
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. V, pp. 74, 77, 98, 105–107, 110–11.

22
. Smith,
The History of the Province of New-York…. to the Year MDCCXXXII
, London, 1757, Vol. 2, pp. 201 and 202.

23
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. IV, pp. 271–87.

24
. Seymour I. Schwartz,
The French and Indian War 1754-1763
(New York, Simon & Schuster, 1994), p. 24.

25
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden.
Vol. IV, pp. 449–51.

26
. Ibid., pp. 452–57.

27
. Smith,
The History of the Province of New-York…. to the Year MDCCXXXII
, p. 160.

28
. Schwartz,
The French and Indian War 1754-1763
, p. 46.

29
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. V, p. 18.

30
. Schwartz,
The French and Indian War 1754-1763
, p. 81.

31
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. V, p. 102.

32
. Ibid., pp. 157–67.

33
. Ibid., pp. 171–80.

34
. Ibid., p. 183.

35
. Ibid., pp. 209–211.

36
. Ibid., p. 212.

37
. Ibid., pp. 249–55.

38
. Raymond Phineas Stearns,
Science in the British Colonies of America
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1970), p. 562.

39
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. IV, p. 317.

40
. Ibid., p. 354.

41
. Stearns,
Science in the British Colonies of America
, p. 563.

42
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Collections of the New York Historical Society for the Year 1919, New York, p. 44.

43
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. IV, p. 64.

44
. Ibid., pp. 270–71.

45
. Lawrence C. Wroth,
An American Bookshelf 1755
, (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1934), p. 178.

46
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. IV, pp. 206–207.

47
. Ibid., pp. 384 and 413.

48
. Alfred R. Hoermann,
Cadwallader Colden: A Figure of the American Enlightenment
(Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2002), pp. 82–83.

49
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. IV, pp. 355–57.

50
. Ibid. p. 414.

51
. Brooke Hindle,
The Pursuit of Science in Revolutionary America 1735-1789
(Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1956), p. 46.

52
. “Criticism of
The Principles of the Action in Matter
,” unpublished translation of Kastner's remarks, Colden MSS, New York Historical Society.

53
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. IV, p. 473.

54
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. IX, pp. 144–48.

55
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. V, pp. 22–24.

56
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. VI, pp. 197–98.

57
. Ibid., p. 273.

58
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. IV, pp. 156–58.

59
. Ibid., pp. 217 and 218.

60
. Ibid., pp. 314–16.

61
. Ibid., p. 321.

62
. Ibid., pp. 325–27, 337–39.

63
. Ibid., p. 353.

64
. Ibid., p. 383.

65
. Ibid., pp. 421–30.

66
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. V, p. 207.

67
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. IV, p. 417.

68
. Ibid., p. 439.

69
. Stearns,
Science in the British Colonies of America
, p. 630.

70
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. IV, p. 98.

71
. Ibid., p. 251.

72
. Ibid., p. 207.

73
. Ibid., pp. 258–61.

74
. Ibid., p. 471–73.

75
. Marcus B. Simpson, Jr., in
American National Biography
(New York and Oxford, University of Oxford Press, 1999), pp. 691–92.

76
. Edmund Berkeley and Dorothy Smith Berkeley,
Dr. Alexander Garden of Charles Town
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1969), p. 42.

77
. Stearns,
Science in the British Colonies of America
, p. 601

78
. Ibid., pp. 43 and 74.

79
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. V, pp. 1–2.

80
. Brooke Hindle,
The Pursuit of Science in Revolutionary America 1735-1789
(Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1956), p. 53.

81
. Margaret Denny, “Linnaeus and His Disciple in Carolina: Alexander Garden,”
Isis
, 38 (1948), p. 173.

82
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. VII, Collections of the New York Historical Society for the Year 1923, New York, p. 141.

83
. Berkeley and Berkeley,
Dr. Alexander Garden of Charles Town
, p. 216.

84
. Garden to Ellis, December 16, 1765, James Edward Smith, ed.,
A Selection of the
Correspondence of Linnaeus and Other Naturalists
, Vol. I (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, 1821), pp. 543–44.

85
. James Britten, “Biographical Notes, VIII—Jan Colden and the Flora of New York,”
Journal of Botany, British and Foreign
, 33 (1895), pp. 12–15.

86
. Berkeley and Berkeley,
Dr. Alexander Garden of Charles Town
, p. 48.

87
. The
Aberdeen Magazine for the Year XDCCLXI
, Aberdeen Scotland, 1761.

88
. Berkeley and Berkeley,
Dr. Alexander Garden of Charles Town
, p. 43.

89
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. IV, p. 158.

90
. Ann Murray Vail, “Jane Colden, An Early New York Botanist,”
Torreya
, 7 (1907), p. 32.

91
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. V, pp. 29–30.

92
. Ibid., p. 37.

93
. Ibid., p. 139.

94
. W. Darlington,
Memorials of John Bartram and Humphry Marhsall
(Philadelphia, 1849), p. 195.

95
. Ibid., p. 202.

96
. Ibid., p. 400.

97
. John McVickar,
A Domestic Narrative of the Life of Samuel Bard, M.D., LL.D, Late President of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the University of the State of New York
(New York, 1822), p. 19.

98
. Bryon Polk Stookey,
A History of Colonial Medical Education in the Province of New York with Its Subsequent Development
(Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1961), pp. 40 and 41.

99.
. Rickett and E.C. Hall, eds.,
Botanic Manuscript of Jane Colden
(New York: Garden Club of Orange and Dutchess Counties, 1963), p. 53.

100
. Britten, “Bibliographical Notes, VIII—Jane Colden and the Flora of New York,” p. 15.

101
. Rickett and Hall, eds.,
Botanic Manuscript of Jane Colden
, p. 23.

102
. Ibid., p. 20.

103
. Britten, “Bibliographical Notes, VIII—Jane Colden and the Flora of New York,” pp. 15–16.

104
. Ibid., p. 14.

105
. Rickett and Hall, eds.,
Botanic Manuscript of Jane Colden
, p. 20.

106
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. V, pp. 55–63.

107
. Vail, “Jane Colden, An Early New York Botanist,” p. 32.

CHAPTER 6: POLITICAL PEAK AND REPUTATIONAL NADIR: 1759–1768

1
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. V, Collections of the New-York Historical Society for the Year 1921, New York, 1923, pp. 283–86.

2
. Ibid., pp. 289–93.

3
. Ibid., pp. 293–95.

4
. Ibid., pp. 310–19.

5
. Joseph L. Blaue,
Men and Movements in American Philosophy
(New York: Prentice-Hall, 1952), p. 211.

6
. William Smith, Jr.,
The History of the Province of New-York, Volume Two, A Continuation, 1732–1762
, Michael Kammen, ed., (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press, Harvard University Press, 1972), p. 243.

7
. Bryon Polk Stookey,
A History of Colonial Medical Education in the Province of New York with Its Subsequent Development
(Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1961), pp. 8 and 9.

8
. Ibid., p. 247.

9
. Ibid., pp. 328 and 329.

10
. Ibid., p. 346.

11
. Smith,
The History of the Province of New-York, Volume Two, A Continuation, 1732-1762
, p. 251.

12
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. V, p. 368.

13
. Smith,
The History of the Province of New-York, Volume Two, A Continuation, 1732-1762
, p. 252.

14
. Alice Mapelsden Keys,
Cadwallader Colden: A Representative Eighteenth Century Official
(New York, 1906), p. 267.

15
. Ibid., p. 269.

16
. Ibid., p, 272.

17
. Smith,
The History of the Province of New-York, Volume Two, A Continuation, 1732-1762
, p. 254.

18
. Michael Kammen,
Colonial New York–A History
(New York: Charles Scriber's Sons, 1975), p. 346.

19
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. VI, Collections of the New York Historical Society for the Year 1922, New York, pp. 26 and 27.

20
. Edwin R. Purple,
Genealogical Notes on the Colden Family in America
(New York: Privately Printed, 1873), pp. 8 and 9.

21
. Keys,
Cadwallader Colden
, p. 279.

22
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. VI, p. 88.

23
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. IX, Collections of the New York Historical Society for the Year 1937, New York, p. 229.

24
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. VI, p. 89.

25
. Keys,
Cadwallader Colden
, p. 283.

26
. Smith,
The History of the Province of New-York, Volume Two, A Continuation, 1732-1762
, p. 263.

27
. Ibid., p. 266.

28
. “The Colden Family of Early America,”
http://coldenpreservation.org/
(accessed 2012).

29
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. VI, pp. 213–16.

30
. Ibid., p. 236.

31
. Ibid., pp. 368–71.

32
. Ibid., p. 381.

33
. Kammen,
Colonial New York–A History
, p. 346.

34
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. VI, pp. 344–47.

35
. Ibid., pp. 356–64.

36
. Ibid., pp. 306 and 307.

37
. Keys,
Cadwallader Colden
, p. 298.

38
. Ibid., p. 338.

39
. Kammen,
Colonial New York–A History
, p. 349.

40
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. VII, Collections of the New York Historical Society for the Year 1923, New York, pp. 1–7.

41
. Edmund S. Morgan and Helen M. Morgan,
The Stamp Act Crisis
(New York: Collier Books, 1967), pp. 314 and 315.

42
. Gary B. Nash,
The Unknown American Revolution: The Unruly Birth of Democracy and the Struggle to Create America
(New York: Viking, 2005), pp. 45–47.

43
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. VII, p. 56.

44
. Ibid., pp. 59–62.

45
. Ibid., p. 77.

46
. Ibid., p. 80.

47
. Ibid., p. 64.

48
. Ibid., pp. 84 and 85.

49
. Ibid., pp. 64 and 65.

50
. Ibid., p. 67.

51
. A. J. Wall, “Cadwallader Colden and His Homestead at Spring Hill, Flushing, Long Island,”
Quarterly Bulletin
, VIII (1924–25), p. 12.

52
. Keys,
Cadwallader Colden
, p. 325.

53
. Francis R. Packard,
History of Medicine in the United States
(New York: Paul B. Hoeber, 1931), p. 505.

54
. Ibid., p. 328.

55
. Ibid., p. 331.

56
. Ibid., pp. 333 and 334.

57
. Kammen,
Colonial New York–A History
, p. 357.

58
.
The Letters and Papers of Cadwallader Colden
, Vol. VII, p. 144.