Cinderella Ate My Daughter (26 page)

as marketing strategy, 35–36, 38, 43, 51–52, 53, 58, 98–99

of toys, 3, 7, 21–22, 38–39, 43, 45, 50, 51–52, 63, 70, 97, 98–99, 198
n

gender segregation, 51–53, 59, 65–72, 157

in playtime, 50, 66, 67–70, 72, 156–58

General Mills, 176

girlhood culture:

African Americans and, 179–81, 205
n,
220
n

beauty and appearance emphasized in, 5, 6, 8, 16, 18, 19–20, 22, 23, 34, 42–43, 49, 82, 94, 101, 119, 134, 135, 137–39, 140–41, 142–44, 145, 149, 152, 158, 180, 183

beauty and sexuality as sources of power in, 7, 121–22, 134, 139, 143, 149, 167, 171

color coding of, 7, 35–36, 38–39, 43, 50, 51, 63, 152

cosmetics marketed to, 7, 29, 34, 37, 39, 42, 52, 82, 83–84, 85, 155, 156

cute-to-cool trajectory in, 24–25, 47, 48

cyberbullying in, 168–70, 172–73, 174, 175, 177, 219
n
–20
n

distorted expectations of intimate relationships in, 6, 16, 85, 110–12, 171, 172

fashion and clothing in, 38, 82, 86, 117, 119, 125, 139, 143, 152

female celebrities marketed in, 26, 113–31, 153–55, 221
n

“Girl Power” movement in, 7, 153–55

Internet use in, 159–71, 172–78

Kids Getting Older Younger trend in, 47, 48, 84, 139, 183

literature and fairy tales in,
see
children’s literature; fairy tales

materialism and narcissistic values emphasized in, 16, 23, 30, 32, 42, 46, 48, 49–50, 77, 83, 88, 104, 117, 155, 156, 161–62

nature vs. nurture in, 53–54, 55–61, 62–65, 69–71, 98, 145

playtime patterns in, 41, 42, 43, 44, 67–69, 98, 99, 145–46, 150, 156–58, 162, 185

premature sexualization in, 6–7, 8, 24–25, 32, 52, 75, 76, 79, 84–86, 91, 113–14, 123, 125, 167–68, 170–72, 183, 184, 215
n

and protecting from influence of media and marketing, 182–87, 192

protecting innocence in, 6, 24, 25, 26, 32, 49, 52, 81, 85–88, 114, 119, 125

segregation of boy culture from, 51–53, 65, 66, 67–72, 156–58

self-loathing in, 6, 18, 137, 141–42, 216
n,
220
n

self-objectification and performance in, 6–7, 8, 76, 78, 85, 123–24, 129–30, 142, 166–67, 171–72, 183, 195
n

toys and merchandise targeted to, 15, 21–22, 26–32, 33–35, 38–39, 40–43, 44–52, 84, 86–88, 91, 97, 98, 117, 118, 144, 152, 155, 180, 185, 190

two models of female identity in, 151–52

violent play and imagery in, 96–98, 99–100, 102–3, 105, 106–9, 191–92

see also
femininity, female identity;
specific age groups

“girlie feminism,” 154–55, 157

“Girl Power Index” (GPI), 83

“Girl Power” movement, 7, 153–55

Girls’ Book, The: How to Be the Best at Everything
(Foster), 155, 156, 157

Gomez, Selena, 128–29, 130

Good Luck Charlie,
128

Good Morning America,
75, 86

Gould, Joan, 105

Great Depression, 25

Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, 100, 101–9, 115, 183, 191

Groovy Girls, 88

Grover (Muppet), 40, 43

guns, toy, 96–98, 99, 102

Handy, Bruce, 115

Hannah Montana,
117–19, 128, 130, 131, 154, 182

Hannah Montana: The Movie,
118

Hannah Montana 2/Meet Miley Cyrus,
118

Happily Ever After Stories,
23

Harry Potter series, 211
n

Hawkgirl, 144

Hello Kitty, 38, 126

High School Musical,
117, 120

Hill, Annette, 77, 78, 92, 93

Hinshaw, Stephen, 84–85

Hitchens, Christopher, 148

Hole, 153, 218
n

Hot Wheels, 22, 46

Hunter College, 6, 171

I Know Who Killed Me,
120–21

Internet, 8, 100, 114, 120, 149, 159–71, 172–78, 189

avatars and online personas on, 159–60, 165–68

cyberbullying on, 168–70, 172–73, 174, 175, 177, 219
n
–20
n

narcissistic tendencies and, 165–66

premature sexualization and, 167–68, 170–71, 172

preparing kids for safer and more responsible use of, 163, 174–78

sexually suggestive messages sent on, 170–71, 172

in shaping girls’ identities, 159, 160, 162, 163, 165–68, 173, 177

social networking sites on, 159, 161, 163, 164–70, 172–73, 174–78

teenage girls’ use of, 162–71, 172–73, 219
n
–20
n

Jacklin, Carol Nagy, 206
n

Jasmine, 6, 14

Javits Center, 33, 44

Jezebel.com, 82

Jordan, Michael, 37

Julie (preschool mother), 19, 21, 22

Kakutani, Michiko, 217
n

Kids Getting Older Younger (KGOY), 84–85, 91

Kiki’s Delivery Service,
185–86

Klarman Eating Disorders Center, 142

Lamb, Sharon, 151–52, 187

LeapFrog, 43

Legos, 38, 39, 46

Levin, Diane, 98, 99

Limbaugh, Rush, 148

Lip Smackers, 38, 84

Little Mermaid, 4

Little Mermaid,
20, 107

“Little Mermaid, The” (Andersen), 107–8

Little Orphan Annie,
25

Little Princess, A
(Burnett), 25

Lizzie McGuire,
116–17, 118–19

Lizzie McGuire Movie, The,
117

Locke, John, 100

Lohan, Lindsay, 25, 115, 120–21, 127, 129

Lord & Taylor, 36

Los Angeles Times,
1, 189

Lovato, Demi, 128

Love, Courtney, 153

McCain, John, 148

McDonald’s, 176, 184

Madonna, 121–22

mainstream media culture, 16–17, 83, 137, 153, 211
n

advertising in, 17, 91, 98, 176–77, 182, 183, 202
n
–3
n,
221
n

beauty emphasized in, 5, 6, 16, 23, 42–43, 119, 138, 145, 148, 149, 180, 183

child stars in, 25–26, 113–31

female sexualization in, 6–7, 16, 113–15, 120–24, 125, 127–28, 129–31, 144–45, 149, 167, 183, 184, 221
n

gender stereotypes in, 16–17, 91, 147–48, 150, 155, 202
n
–3
n

girlish innocence celebrated in, 24–26, 123, 129, 130

“Girl Power” movement in, 7, 153–55

materialism and narcissistic values emphasized in, 16, 23, 30, 46, 104, 117, 155, 156, 161–62

premature sexualization and, 86, 113–14, 123, 124–25, 167, 183, 184

princess movies in, 104, 107, 179–82, 187–90

rescue-fantasy and landing-a-prince theme in, 12, 20, 23, 102, 103, 107, 110, 111, 180, 182

sexuality commodified and marketed in, 121–24, 129, 130

squeaky-to-skanky celebrity transformations in, 120–24, 127–28, 129, 130

standards of beauty and idealized images of women in, 6, 17, 111, 134, 135, 137, 138, 144, 145, 148, 149, 196
n,
220
n

superheroines in, 144–46

see also
childhood consumerism and marketing; Internet

Manago, Adriana, 165, 167

Martin, Carol, 66–67, 68–70, 71, 158, 215
n

Mary Poppins,
36

Mary Tyler Moore Show, The,
41

Mattel, 15, 29, 32, 42, 49, 50–51

Maxim,
120, 123

Meier, Megan, 168–69, 172–73

Mendler, Bridgit, 128

Meyer, Stephenie, 109

MGA, 48, 49, 50, 51

MGM, 120

Miller, Laura, 111

mixed-sex play, 66, 67–70, 72, 158, 205
n
–6
n

Miyazaki, Hayao, 185–86

Monster High,
50, 144, 186

Mooney, Andy, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22, 41, 88, 116

Moore, Susanna, 148, 217
n

More,
138, 215
n
–16
n

Moxie Girlz, 50, 91, 138, 155, 161

Mr. Mopp’s, 95–96

Ms.,
55

MTV, 75, 116, 122, 169

Muir-Sukenick, Jill, 138–39

Mulan, 14, 187–88

Mulan II,
187–88

Muppets, 39, 40, 43

Muppet Show, The,
39

Murdoch, Rupert, 178

My Beautiful Mommy
(Salzhauer), 139, 216
n

MySpace, 165, 168, 178

NAACP, 181

Narcissistic Personality Inventory, 166

National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, 170

National Institute of Mental Health, 71

New York Post,
121

New York Times, The,
1, 71, 217
n

New York Times Magazine, The,
4

Nickelodeon, 15, 42, 116, 127

Nike, 13, 37, 176

Obama, Barack, 148

Obama, Malia and Sasha, 86

OfficeMax, 129

Ouija boards, 49

Oz, Frank, 39

Packaging Girlhood
(Lamb and Brown), 151–52, 187

“Painted Babies” (BBC documentary), 94

Palin, Sarah, 148–49

Paoletti, Jo, 35

Paper Bag Princess, The
(Munsch and Martchenko), 101

Parente, Carol-Lynn, 40

parents:

advice on curtailing body image issues for, 137, 141, 142–43, 186

of beauty pageant contestants, 74–76, 78–82, 85, 90–91

princess culture as viewed by, 19–21, 22–23, 24

in protecting girlhood innocence, 6, 24, 25, 26, 32, 52, 85–88, 114, 119, 125

in protecting girls from media and marketing influence, 182–87, 192

and safer and responsible Internet use, 163, 174–78

undue restrictions by, 186, 191–92

Perrault, Charles, 103

Pilkington, Alexis, 169, 172–73

pink-and-pretty trend, 4, 6, 32, 33–36, 38–45, 51, 52, 61, 83, 136, 144, 152, 181

in board games, 7, 34, 49–50, 152

in fictional female characters

and role models, 39–43, 47–48

innocence symbolized in, 34, 49, 52, 125

as marketing strategy, 35–36, 38, 40, 41–43, 52, 155

narcissism and materialism in, 42, 46, 48, 49–50

in toys and merchandise, 33–35, 38–39, 40–43, 44, 47–48, 49–50, 98, 152

Pink Brain, Blue Brain
(Eliot), 59

Pink Yahtzee, 49

Pixar Animation Studios, 188–90

play, 145–46, 158, 161–62, 185

gender segregation in, 50, 66, 67–70, 72, 156–57

violent themes in, 96–98, 99, 102

Pocahontas, 14, 31, 124

Pop (pseudonym), 56–58, 63

Portfolio,
118

Power Rangers, 16

preschool girls, 2–4, 5, 37, 58, 142

beauty pageants for, 73–82, 85, 89, 90, 93–94, 125

cosmetics targeted to, 7, 52, 84, 85

premature sexualization of, 75, 76, 79, 85–86

princess culture of, 3–6, 18–21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 61–62, 64, 124, 186

toys targeted to, 3, 34, 38, 51, 86–88

“pre-tween” girls, 38

beauty pageants for, 73–82, 89–94, 125

cosmetics marketed to, 42, 82, 83–84, 91

materialistic and narcissistic values marketed to, 16, 23, 30, 32, 42, 46, 48, 49–50, 83, 88, 104, 155, 156, 161–62