Civilization: The West and the Rest (74 page)

colonial period
14
,
139
,
195
,
145
,
146
,
148
,
163–75
,
176–81
,
189–95
; First World War and
181–9
; settlement pattern
170–71

as the Dark Continent
146
,
146
n

foreign aid to
145–6

health issues
146–8
,
168–75
; HIV/AIDS
147
; public health
171–2
; Western medicine, effects of
146–8
,
168–75

life expectancy
168
,
171

see also
individual countries

Agricola, Georgius
65

agricultural innovation
27–8

agriculture
199
,
293

Eastern
26–7
,
44
,
46

Western
26
,
209

see also
food supplies

al-Din al-Farisi, Kamal
51

algebra
51

Algeria
195

al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham, Abū Alī
51

al-Khwarizmi, Muhammad ibn Musa
51

al-Qaeda
290

alphabets
see
linguistic issues

al-Rashid, Harun
51

al-Waleed bin Abdel Malek
51

Amaru, Túpac
101

Amaru II, Túpac
115

America, North
4
,
9
,
13

French colonies (Louisiana Purchase)
160–61

America, North, British colonies
14
,
15
,
96–7
,
98
,
99
,
103–4
,
109–12
,
115–18

Barbados Proclamation
110

‘Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina’
109–10
,
111
,
114

indentured servants as migrants to
103
,
110–12

native Indians
116
,
125

property rights
106–7
,
106
n,
110–12
,
115–16
,
117
,
124–5
,
138
; headright system
111

as Protestant
106
,
114

transatlantic trade
106
,
115
,
218–19

see also
American …
;
Canada
;
United States

America, South
4
,
5
,
9
,
13
,
130

gold from
99
,
101–2

Inca empire
98
,
99–102

Mayan civilization
298–9

racial issues
119
,
120
,
125–6
,
133
,
135

silver from
101–2

United States, migration to
138–9

see also
individual countries

America, South, Spanish colonies
14
,
15
,
96–7
,
98–102
,
103–4
,
105

Catholicism in
113–14
,
120
,
120
n,
131

health issues
147–8

native Indians
113
,
114
,
125
,
127

political system
122–4

property rights
102
,
113–14
,
119
,
124
,
128

revolution in
115
,
119–26
,
127–9
; British support for
121–2

slavery in
129
,
130–32
,
133
,
135
,
136

American Civil War (1861–6)
136–7

American Constitution
119
,
128
,
129
,
135

Simón Bolívar on
123–4

American Revolution (1775–81)
112
,
115–17
,
119
,
124
,
129
,
157

Articles of Confederation
117

Edmund Burke on
149

casualty figures
155
,
156

Alexis de Tocqueville on
153–4

Declaration of Independence (1776)
129

France and
117

Andean Revolution (1780–83)
115

Angola
136

Ankara University, Turkey
92

Arafat, Yasser
247

Archer, W. Brian
300–301

Archimedes
63

Argentina
124

Aristotle
51

De anima
62

Arkwright, Richard
70
,
200
,
204

Armstrong, Louis
18

art/painting
60
,
232

see also
individual artists

Asia, East
307–8

civilization(s)
3–5
,
7
,
11
,
20

economic growth/output
239–40

science/technology
4
,
11

see also
individual countries

astrology
68–9
,
70

astronomy
64
,
65
,
66

Islamic
68–9

Atahualpa (Inca leader)
100
,
101

Atatürk, Kemal (Kemal Mustafa)
90–93
,
228

atomic weapons
235

Augustine, St:
City of God
60

Austerlitz, battle of (1805)
156
,
156
n

Austria
83
,
215

see also
Habsburg empire

Austrian colonies
144

Aztec empire
99

Bach, Johann Sebastian
18
,
80

Bacon, Roger
60

on Islamic science/technology
52

Bakunin, Mikhail
162
,
162
n

ballistics
83–5
,
156

banking system
230–31

Beethoven, Ludwig van
18
,
159

Behring, Emil von
175

Belgian colonies
144
,
176
,
191

Belgium
16
,
213

Bentham, Jeremy
199
n

von Berenhorst, Georg Heinrich
81–2

Bergson, Henri
196
n

Berlin Wall
249
,
251

Bernanke, Ben
308

Bernoulli, Daniel
66

Berry, Chuck
18

Best, Werner
194

Das Beste
(German magazine)
252
n

the Bible
62
,
263
,
278–9

Book of Revelations
293–4

Bingham, Hiram
101

Birmingham Lunar Society
201

von Bismarck, Otto Eduard Leopold
214

Black, Joseph
66

Black Death/plague
4
,
23
,
25
,
54
,
169
,
175

Blake, William
206

Boehn, General Hans von
185

Bolingbroke, Viscount Henry St John
296–7

Bolívar, Simón
13
,
119–24
,
128

on American Constitution
123–4

British support for
121–2
,
125

Cartagena Manifesto (1812)
123
,
124

Decree of War to the Death
120

as a dictator
124

on political systems
123
,
124

Bolivia
122

Bonaparte, Jérôme
159

Bonaparte, Napoleon
see
Napoleon Bonaparte

Bonneval, comte Claude Alexandre de
87

Boss, Hugo
233

Boswell, James
201

Böttcher, Viktor
189–90

Boulton, Matthew
201
,
202
,
206
n

Boves, José Tomás
120

Boxer Rebellion, China (1900)
282–3

Boyacá, battle of (1819)
122

Boyce, Sir Rupert William
169

Boyle, Robert
66

Boyle’s Law
66
,
83

Bozeman, Adda
3

Brabenec, Vratislav
248

Brahe, Tycho
65

Brahms, Johannes
xxiii