Complete Works of Emile Zola (754 page)
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Authors: Émile Zola
Zola contrasts Pauline’s optimism and open-heartedness with the illness, resentment and depression prevailing in the Chanteau household. The young man Lazare, a student of the writings of Schopenhauer, convinced of life’s futility and infused with nihilism, pursues Pauline, attracted by her inherent goodness. In spite of the troubles in her life, Pauline retains her optimistic outlook and love for Lazare and his parents. Eventually, that love extends to the entire town as Pauline provides money, food and support to Bonneville’s poor, despite their evident greed and corruption.
An initial advertising poster for the novel
‘Still life with the Bible’ by Vincent Van Gogh, 1885. On the table there appears the artist’s copy of Zola’s novel. Van Gogh was a keen admirer of Zola’s ‘naturalistic’ works, as demonstrated by his inclusion of the book in the painting.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER XI
PREFACE
‘La Joie de Vivre,’ here translated as ‘The Joy of Life,’ was written by M. Zola in 1888, partly at his country house at Médan, and partly at Bénodet, a little seaside place in Brittany. The scene of the story is laid, however, on the coast of the neighbouring province of Normandy, between the mouth of the Orne and the rocks of Grandcamp, where the author had sojourned, more than once, in previous years. The title selected by him for this book is to be taken in an ironical or sarcastic sense. There is no joy at all in the lives of the characters whom he portrays in it. The story of the ‘hero’ is one of mental weakness, poisoned by a constantly recurring fear of death; whilst that of his father is one of intense physical suffering, blended with an eager desire to continue living, even at the cost of yet greater torture. Again, the story of the heroine is one of blighted affections, the wrecking of all which might have made her life worth living. And there is a great deal of truth in the various pictures of human existence which are thus presented to us; however much some people, in their egregious vanity, may recoil from the idea that life and love and talent and glory are all very poor and paltry things.
M. Zola is not usually a pessimist. One finds many of his darkest pictures relieved by a touch of hopefulness; but there is extremely little in the pages of ‘La Joie de Vivre,’ which is essentially an analysis of human suffering and misery. Nevertheless, the heroine, Pauline Quenu, the daughter of the Quenus who figure largely in ‘Le Ventre de Paris’ (‘The Fat and the Thin’), is a beautiful, touching, and almost consolatory creature. She appears to the reader as the embodiment of human abnegation and devotion. Her guardians rob her, but she scarcely heeds it; her lover Lazare, their son, discards her for another woman, but she forgives him. It is she who infuses life into the lungs of her rival’s puny babe; and when Lazare yields to his horrible fear of death it is she who tries to comfort him, who endeavours to dispel the gloomy thoughts which poison his hours. No sacrifice is too great for her — money, love, she relinquishes everything, in the vain hope of securing a transient happiness for the man to whom she has given her heart. At times, no doubt, she yearns for his affection, she experiences momentary weaknesses, but her spirit is strong, and it invariably triumphs over her rebellious flesh.
Lazare, on the other hand, is one of those wretched beings whose number seems to be constantly increasing in our midst, the product of our corrupt civilisation, our grotesque educational systems, our restlessness and thirst for wealth, our thousand vices and our blatant hypocrisy. At the same time he is a talented young fellow, as are so many of the wretched
décadents
of nowadays; and ‘something more or something less’ in his brain might have turned his talent into genius. In this respect, indeed, he suggests another of M. Zola’s characters, Claude Lantier, the painter of ‘L’Œuvre’; but he is far weaker than was Claude, whose insanity sprang from his passion for his art, whereas Lazare’s mental disorder is the fruit of that lack, both of will-power and of the spirit of perseverance, which always becomes manifest in decaying races. Briefly, he is a type of the talented, versatile, erratic weakling — a variety of what Paris expressively calls the
arriviste,
who loomed so largely through the final years of the last century, and who by force of numbers, not of power, threatens to dominate the century which has just begun.
In one respect Lazare differs greatly from Claude Lantier. Claude’s insanity drove him to suicide, but Lazare shrinks from the idea of annihilation. His whole life indeed is blighted by the unreasoning fear of death to which I have previously alluded. In the brightest moments of Lazare’s existence, in the broad sunshine, amid the fairest scenes of Nature, in the very transports of love, as in moments of anxiety and bereavement, and as in the gloom, the silence, and the solitude of night, the terrible, ever-recurring thought flashes on him: ‘My God, my God, so one must die!’ In the course of years this dread is intensified by the death of his mother and his old dog; and neither of the women who love him — the devoted Pauline, whom he discards, and the puppet Louise, whom he marries — can dispel it. The pious may argue that this fear of death is only natural on the part of an unbeliever, and that the proper course for Lazare to have pursued was to have sought the consolation of religion. But they have only to visit a few lunatic asylums to find in them extremely devout patients, who, whilst believing in a resurrection and a future life, nevertheless dread death quite as keenly as Lazare Chanteau did. Indeed, this fear of dissolution constitutes a well-known and perfectly defined disorder of the brain, rebellious alike to scientific and to spiritual treatment.
By the side of Lazare and Pauline ‘La Joie de Vivre’ shows us the former’s parents. There is Lazare’s mother, who despoils and wrongs Pauline for his benefit, who lives a life of sour envy, and who dies a wretched death, fearful of punishment. And there is his father, whose only thought is his stomach, and who, as I have mentioned, clings despairingly to a semblance of life amid the direst physical anguish. Louise, whom Lazare marries, is a skilfully drawn type of the weak, pretty, scented, coquettish, frivolous woman, who seems to have been with us ever since the world began, the woman to whom men are drawn by a perversion of natural instincts, and whom they need, perhaps, in order that in their saner moments they may the better appreciate the qualities of those few who resemble Pauline. As for the subordinate characters of the story, the grumpy Norman servant, though of a type often met with in M. Zola’s stories, is perhaps the best, the various changes in her disposition towards the heroine being described with great fidelity to human nature. Then the rough but kind-hearted old doctor, the sturdy, tolerant priest, the artful and vicious village children, are all admirably delineated by M. Zola, and grouped around the central figures in such wise as to add to the truth, interest, and impressiveness of his narrative. And, painful as the tale at times may be, it is perhaps as well, in these days of pride and vanity, that one should be recalled now and again to a sense of the abject grovelling which unhappily characterises such a vast number of human lives. It may slightly console one, no doubt, to remember that there are at least some Paulines among us. But then, how few they are, and how numerous on the other hand are the men like Lazare and the women like his mother! When all is considered, judging by what one sees around one every day, one is forced to the conclusion that this diseased world of ours makes extremely little progress towards real sanity and health.
E. A. V.
Merton, Surrey.
CHAPTER I
When the cuckoo-clock in the dining-room struck six, Chanteau lost all hope. He rose with a painful effort from the arm-chair in which he was sitting, warming his heavy, gouty legs before a coke fire. Ever since two o’clock he had been awaiting the arrival of Madame Chanteau, who, after five weeks’ absence, was to-day expected to bring from Paris their little cousin, Pauline Quenu, an orphan girl, ten years of age, whose guardianship they had undertaken.
‘I can’t understand it at all, Véronique,’ he said, opening the kitchen-door. ‘Some accident must have happened to them.’
The cook, a tall stout woman of five-and-thirty, with hands like a man’s and a face like a gendarme’s, was just removing from the fire a leg of mutton, which seemed in imminent danger of being over-done. She did not express her irritation in words, but the pallor of her usually ruddy cheeks betokened her displeasure.
‘Madame has, no doubt, stayed in Paris,’ she said curtly, ‘looking after that endless business which is putting us all topsy-turvy.’
‘No! no!’ answered Chanteau. ‘The letter we had yesterday evening said that the little girl’s affairs were completely settled. Madame was to arrive this morning at Caen, where she intended making a short stay to see Davoine. At one o’clock she was to take the train again; at two she would alight at Bayeux; at three, old Malivoire’s coach would put her down at Arromanches. Even if Malivoire wasn’t ready to start at once, Madame ought to have been here by four o’clock, or by half-past at the latest. There are scarcely six miles from Arromanches to Bonneville.’
The cook kept her eyes fixed on the joint, and only shook her head while these calculations were thrown at her. After some little hesitation Chanteau added: ‘I think you had better go to the corner of the road and look if you can see anything of them, Véronique.’
She glared at him, growing still paler with suppressed anger.
‘Why? What for? Monsieur Lazare is already out there, getting drenched in looking for them: and what’s the good of my going and getting wet through also?’
‘The truth is,’ murmured Chanteau, softly, ‘that I am beginning to feel a little uneasy about my son as well. He ought to have been back by this time. What can he have been doing out on the road for the last hour?’
Without vouchsafing any answer Véronique took from a nail an old black woollen shawl, which she threw over her head and shoulders. Then, as she saw her master following her into the passage, she said to him, rather snappishly: ‘Go back to your fire, if you don’t want to be bellowing with pain to-morrow.’
She shut the door with a bang, and put on her clogs while standing on the steps and crying out to the wind:
‘The horrid little brat! Putting us to all this trouble!’
Chanteau’s composure remained perfect. He was accustomed to Véronique’s ebullitions of temper. She had entered his service in the first year of his married life, when she was but a girl of fifteen. As soon as the sound of her clogs had died away, he bolted off like a schoolboy, and planted himself at the other end of the passage, before a glass door which overlooked the sea. There he stood for a moment, gazing at the sky with his blue eyes. He was a short, stout man, with thick closely-cut white hair. He was scarcely fifty-six years old, but gout, to which he was a martyr, had prematurely aged him.
Just then he was feeling anxious and troubled, and hoped that little Pauline would be able to win Véronique’s affection. But was it his fault that she was coming? When the Paris notary had written to tell him that his cousin Quenu, whose wife had died some six months previously, had just died also, charging him in his will with the guardianship of his little daughter, he had not felt able to refuse the trust.
It was true they had not seen much of one another, as the family had been dispersed. Chanteau’s father, after leaving the South and wandering all over France as a journeyman carpenter, had established a timber-yard at Caen; while, on the other hand, Quenu, at his mother’s death, had gone to Paris, where one of his uncles had subsequently given him a flourishing pork-butcher’s business, in the very centre of the market district.
1
They had only met each other some two or three times, on occasions when Chanteau had been compelled by his gout to quit his business and repair to Paris for special medical advice. But the two men had ever had a genuine respect for one another, and the dying father had probably thought that the sea air would be beneficial to his daughter. The girl, too, as the heiress of the pork-butcher’s business, would certainly be no charge upon them. Madame Chanteau, indeed, had fallen so heartily into the scheme that she had insisted upon saving her husband all the dangerous fatigue of the journey to Paris. Setting off alone and bustling about she had settled everything, in her perpetual craving for activity; and Chanteau was quite contented so long as his wife was pleased.