Conquest (29 page)

He addressed Tostig one last time, deliberately ignoring his Norwegian foe. ‘If Hardrada insists on his patch of English soil, he’d better start digging his grave. As he stands so tall, he will need a big hole.’

As Hardrada watched Harold ride away, he turned to Tostig. ‘Your brother has a sharp tongue. I’m going to enjoy cutting it out of him.’

There was only a narrow bridge between the two forces, so Harold decided to abandon the horses and mount an immediate infantry attack. His army advanced on foot in squadrons of fifty, but found their way across blocked by a huge Norse berserker, who despatched the Saxon housecarls in groups of three and four at a time with the wide arcs of his flailing axe. The Saxon squadrons tried to wade across the river but could not do so in shield formation and were easy targets for the Norwegian archers. Hereward looked at the situation and quickly gave instructions to Alphonso, who melted into the crowd of housecarls massing to reach the bridge.

Within moments, the berserker’s stubborn defence came to an abrupt end. With a scream of agony, he was impaled through the groin by a spear thrust from beneath the bridge between the planks of its footway. Alphonso had slipped under the water upstream, floated down and positioned himself directly beneath the Norwegian before delivering his fatal thrust. With an almighty splash the berserker hit the water, and the Saxons streamed over the bridge en masse.

The ensuing hand-to-hand fighting continued well into the afternoon. Hardrada had kept his hearthtroop of axemen in reserve, but eventually, they too were encircled. In a bloody encounter that would be recounted reverentially in the chronicles of both sides, English housecarl met Norwegian berserker in a prolonged fight to the death. As
his loyal comrades began to die in droves, some of whom had fought with him in his youth in the Varangian Guard, Hardrada broke into the open, grounding any Saxon who came close in a frenzy of blows from his war axe. His fury was only abated by an arrow to his throat, which brought him to his knees, struggling for breath. His warriors attempted to save him with a desperate last redoubt, but it was futile.

Within moments, in a muddy field in the featureless countryside of the lowlands of York, the last great Viking died, in search of one final conquest.

Harold, mindful of the battles to come against the Normans and seeing the toll the hand-to-hand fighting was taking on his men, offered the Norwegians the chance to surrender. Tostig led the defiant refusals as Hardrada’s faithful hearthtroop pulled the stricken King back under the shadow of the Raven Land-Ravager. A cry went up.

‘Rally to the standard! Fight for the Hardrada! Prince Olaf is on his way with ten thousand comrades.’

The next phase of the slaughter commenced immediately. At King Harold’s command, the Saxon housecarls cut swathes into the Norwegian redoubt. The defenders were soon isolated in small groups and cut to pieces. Many drowned in the nearby Derwent as they tried to flee to their ships. Tostig was killed, as were the leaders of Hardrada’s Norse allies from the Orkneys, Ireland and Iceland.

At the end, an eerie calm descended on the battlefield, but within minutes yet another murderous episode beckoned. Messengers had reached Prince Olaf at midday, telling of the fighting at Stamford Bridge. Eystein Orri, Hardrada’s senior son-in-law, and Prince Olaf’s men immediately
collected their weapons and armour and set off for the battlefield. It took them over four hours to reach Stamford Bridge. Although it was early evening, the day was still warm as the Norwegian force, numbering more than 8,000 men, roaring for vengeance, sprinted towards the right flank of the exhausted Saxons in a ferocious charge that became known in Norse folklore as the ‘Storm of Orri’.

Harold had to think quickly. He estimated that he had lost well over 1,000 men and now faced a superior force that outnumbered his surviving army by four to one.

He called to Hereward. ‘Take the remains of the Eagle Cohort back over the river and get them mounted. You must get them back across upstream and attack from the rear. I will hold our ground here with my two Wessex cohorts.’

As Hereward led his men away to the sound of the retreat horn, the front ranks of Orri’s Norwegians were already cascading into a Saxon shield wall, hurriedly prepared by Harold’s captains. The wall swayed and buckled and in places was breached, requiring Harold and his hearthtroop to act as reinforcements. The King became anxious as he looked at the Norwegian massed ranks in front of him, three times deeper than his own.

It was only a matter of time before they would be overwhelmed. He looked across the Derwent to the south-east, just as the setting sun touched the horizon, but there was no sign of Hereward and his cavalry. Within minutes, his wall would break under weight of numbers and his cause would be lost. Then he heard the rumble of horses on the move.

Hereward had drawn up the Eagle Cohort in squadrons
of ten abreast, five ranks deep, fifty men in all. Harold counted four squadrons in line of attack, supported by four waves. He quickly calculated: eight hundred men in support; enough, he thought.

As soon as the Norwegians saw the dark cloud of mounted attackers behind them, their rear ranks turned to create their own shield wall; the Norwegians were outflanked, something they hated. By the time they reached the Norwegian shields, Hereward’s huge phalanx of horsemen were at full gallop and, by staying close and keeping their discipline, cut through the line of defenders with ease. Hereward was at the centre of everything, often standing high in his stirrups and using the Great Axe of Göteborg to direct the point of attack. Not only was he able to wield his fearsome weapon on either side of his mount, but he was also able to lean out at perilous angles to create even wider arcs of mayhem. His progress was like that of a reaper in a field of barley as he cut swathes through the Norwegians beneath him. His was indeed a grim harvest.

The charge soon began to carve the Norse infantry into isolated pockets. The fleeing Norwegians were pursued all the way to their ships at Riccall on the Ouse. The fleet was torched and with it any chance of escape for the majority of the survivors. Harold’s two-pronged attack, committing his cavalry in the rear while his shield wall held its ground, had saved the day.

Hereward had arrived in Harold’s service with an unparalleled reputation. Now word of his prominence in the charge, and his bravery at the vanguard of the attack, spread through the ranks of the English army. His exploits and those of his Lord, Harold of England, would be carried
back to the Norse lands by the survivors of Hardrada’s army to become part of Scandinavian legend for generations to come.

At sunrise, only Prince Olaf had survived of the entire Norwegian aristocracy; the whole of its military elite and most of its seasoned warriors had perished.

It was carnage on a brutal scale.

Harold knew that Norway would not be a force in Europe for at least a lifetime and he let Olaf leave with the twenty-four ships that remained afloat. Earl Tostig’s body was retrieved from the battlefield and he was buried at York. The Norwegians were allowed to remove Hardrada’s body, which was laid to rest in St Mary’s Church, Trondheim, a resting place that became a shrine to his poetry and his heroics.

It had been a remarkable victory for King Harold. After a gruelling march from Oxford, a force of barely 3,000 men, outnumbered by more than four to one, had beaten a Norse army led by the greatest warrior of his age.

The next morning, after they had both had a few hours’ sleep, Hereward and the King gathered their thoughts.

The King had won a great victory, but was in a sombre mood. ‘My friend, although the first battle is won, the greater one is still to come … and I have lost half my housecarls.’

‘Yes, sire, but every man who remains is worth two Normans.’

‘Perhaps, but it’s not just my housecarls I worry about, it is the number of Norman knights. I suspect they outnumber our Saxon thegns almost four to one.’

‘That is probably so, my Lord King. But they fight weighed down with armour, which on their heavy destriers makes them awkward and cumbersome. If we choose our ground well, we should be able to unseat them. By waiting for you to call in the harvest, the Duke has left it late in the year. Autumn is a two-edged sword; soon the ground will be sodden with the October rains. His big horses will sink to their bellies.’

‘You are a good man, Hereward; you always have a strategic answer. Stay close to me in these coming weeks.’

In a gesture rare for a king, Harold embraced Hereward like a brother. England’s two greatest warriors had become the closest of friends.

Harold and his army were on the move again within thirty-six hours. He knew that Duke William was either still in transit in the Channel or had already landed on the south coast. Harold had 1,500 mounted housecarls with him, but to ensure that his baggage train could keep pace, he travelled south much more slowly than he had in his dash northwards. His baggage was laden with Norse armour, shields and weapons, a vital cache of materiel for the forthcoming battle with the Normans – an encounter that could be only a matter of days away.

Messengers were despatched to all parts of the realm. Harold had estimated that he needed at least 4,000 housecarls for the clash against William and possibly as many as 6,000 fyrdmen. He prayed that the annual harvesting had been completed and that such a force could be assembled. Most of his brothers’ housecarls – those of Gyrth, Earl of East Anglia, and of Leofwine, Earl of the South West Midlands – were still in reserve and were among England’s
finest. His biggest concern was the availability of the men of Edwin, Earl of Mercia, and Morcar, Earl of Northumbria. Between them, they had well over 1,000 housecarls of the highest quality but, despite the fact that both men had promised Harold their support, he knew their commitment was questionable. Fiercely expressed separatism had always been a part of northern politics and Harold suspected that Edwin’s and Morcar’s real purpose was independence for the North.

At the end of the third day of the march south, the advanced party of the army was approaching the River Trent at Newark. News had reached the locals of the great victory at Stamford Bridge, and the King was greeted with loud cheers as he approached the walls of the burgh. He acknowledged the gifts of food from the local burghers, but passed straight through, hoping to camp further south on the road to London.

‘These Mercians seem genuine in their affection for you, sire.’

‘It is never the people who make life difficult for kings, Hereward. It is their leaders who plot and scheme; it is their ambitions that are at the root of mischief. All the people want is peace and food in their bellies.’

Hereward’s admiration for his king, a monarch not of royal blood but nevertheless a great leader, grew by the day. ‘Sire, do you think that a kingdom can ever be stronger than the tribal loyalties of its people?’

‘Yes, I hope so. As in Roman times, or under Alfred, people will readily lend their allegiance to something far greater than their tribe. If their leaders bring them peace and prosperity, they will follow them.’

‘Torfida and I often talk about the Greeks and the Romans and how they believed that people could govern themselves according to principles enshrined in laws and codes of honour.’

‘That is my dream for England, Hereward. We are a new people, mere infants compared to the civilizations of antiquity. But England is a rich land with strong people of many races; perhaps we can create a way of life that will be admired like those of Greece and Rome.’

‘That is a laudable ambition, my Lord, but it needs men like you to achieve it.’

‘But it also needs men like you, Hereward, and women like Torfida. Great civilizations are built by people of intelligence, wisdom and courage, not just by kings.’

Hereward longed to tell Torfida about the King’s leadership and how well he carried the Talisman. Soon he would have the opportunity he craved; the King had sent word to Glastonbury that their families should join them in London. He had also sent a messenger to Winchester to summon Edith Swan-Neck. Harold knew that it would be an opportunity for them to say farewell to those who would face the impending challenge from Duke William.

Dusk was fast approaching when Harold’s scouts returned with news that there was a suitable clearing ahead for a night camp. The scouts were not alone. A captain of the housecarls of Earl Gyrth, accompanied by two sergeants-at-arms, had met them on the road. Their horses had been ridden hard for many hours and Harold and his entourage guessed immediately what their news would be.

‘Sire … William, Duke of Normandy, landed a large invasion force at Pevensey two days ago. There was no
resistance and they are already on the rampage, looting, burning and desecrating wherever they go. They are executing the priests; whole villages of menfolk are being murdered, the women raped, even boys as young as twelve are being cut down.’

The King visibly flinched at the news. ‘Thank you for your report, Captain. How many are there in William’s force?’

‘Sire, Lord Gyrth’s scouts are counting now, but an elderly local man, who served with King Edward’s housecarls, estimated about ten thousand: at least three thousand cavalry and six thousand infantry.’

There was a stunned silence at the size of the Duke’s invasion force. It confirmed the King’s most pessimistic prediction.

‘Captain, rest your horses and get some sleep. Hereward, send Martin Lightfoot to see what he can tell us of the Normans’ plans.’

Hereward gave Martin detailed instructions about what was needed. The King ordered fresh horses to be brought up so that he and his personal bodyguard of two squadrons could push on to London. He left instructions for his force from Stamford Bridge to come on as quickly as it could and for the entire army to assemble in London in five days’ time, six at the most.

Before Harold arrived in London, he went to Waltham Abbey to pray; it was a special place for the King. It contained the Holy Rood, a flint cross, found, it was rumoured, in an ancient ruin by a tenant of Harold’s in the Somerset village of Montacute. Two teams of oxen were sent to take the cross to Glastonbury Abbey but – again,
according to local legend – the oxen refused to travel north and carried the cross eastwards across the whole of southern England to the ancient Saxon settlement of Waltham in Essex. Harold had built a fine church to house the relic and endowed an abbey and a community of monks. The church had been consecrated by Harold in 1060 and, since then, pilgrims had flocked from all over Europe to pray to the Holy Rood. Now, a king in a dire plight was one of them. He was accompanied by Edith Swan-Neck and spent most of the afternoon praying and listening to the plainchant of the assembled community. In the evening, Abbot Aethelsinge said a private mass for them at the high altar.