Craving (29 page)
Authors: Omar Manejwala
112
. Brian L. Carter, Cho Y. Lam, Jason D. Robinson, Megan M. Paris, Andrew J. Waters, David W. Wetter, and Paul M. Cinciripini, “Generalized Craving, Self-Report of Arousal, and Cue Reactivity after Brief Abstinence,”
Nicotine & Tobacco Research
11, no. 7 (2009): 823–26.
113
. Barbel Knauper, Rowena Pillay, Julien Lacaille, Amanda McCollam, and Evan Kelso, “Replacing Craving Imagery with Alternative Pleasant Imagery Reduces Craving Intensity,”
Appetite
57, no. 1 (2011): 173–78; J. May, J. Andrade, N. Panabokke, and D. Kavanagh, “Visuospatial Tasks Suppress Craving for Cigarettes,”
Behaviour Research & Therapy
48, no. 6 (2010): 476–85.
114
. For a fantastic review of mindfulness-based relapse prevention, see
Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Addictive Behaviors: A Clinician’s Guide
by Sarah Bowen, Neha Chawla, and G. Alan Marlatt (Guilford Press, 2010).
115
. Nora D. Volkow, Joanna S. Fowler, Gene-Jack Wang, Frank Telang, Jean Logan, Millard Jayne, Yeming Ma, Kith Pradhan, Christopher Wong, and James M. Swanson, “Cognitive Control of Drug Craving Inhibits Brain Reward Regions in Cocaine Abusers,”
Neuroimage
49, no. 3 (2010): 2536–43.
116
. Maciej S. Buchowski, Natalie N. Meade, Evonne Charboneau, Sohee Park, Mary S. Dietrich, Ronald L. Cowan, and Peter R. Martin, “Aerobic Exercise Training Reduces Cannabis Craving and Use in Non-Treatment Seeking Cannabis-Dependent Adults,”
PLoS ONE
6, no. 3 (2011): e17465.
117
. Giovanni Martinotti, Daniela Reina, Marco Di Nicola, Sara Andreoli, Daniela Tedeschi, Ilaria Ortolani, Gino Pozzi, Emerenziana Iannoni, Stefania D’Iddio, and Luigi Janiri, “Acetyl-L-Carnitine for Alcohol Craving and Relapse Prevention in Anhedonic Alcoholics: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial,”
Alcohol & Alcoholism
45, no. 5 (2010): 449–55.
118
. John F. Kelly, Maria E. Pagano, Robert L. Stout, and Shannon M. Johnson, “Influence of Religiosity on 12-Step Participation and Treatment Response Among Substance-Dependent Adolescents,”
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
72 (2011): 1000–11.
119
. AA Guidelines for AA Members Employed in the Alcoholism Field, see
www.aa.org/en_pdfs/mg-10_foraamembers.pdf
.
120
. AA World Services,
Alcoholics Anonymous,
77.
121
. Ernest Kurtz,
Spirituality of Imperfection: Storytelling and the Search for Meaning
(New York: Bantam Books, 2002), 20.
122
. Paul Rozin, Eleanor Levine, and Caryn Stoess, “Chocolate Craving and Liking,”
Appetite
17, no. 3 (1991): 199–212.
123
. D. S. McGrath, S. P. Barrett, S. H. Stewart, and E. A. Schmid, “The Effects of Acute Doses of Nicotine on Video Lottery Terminal Gambling in Daily Smokers,”
Psychopharmacology
220, no. 1 (March 2012): 155–61.
124
. Albert Bandura, “Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change,”
Psychological Review
84, no. 2 (March 1977): 191–215.
125
. Mary E. Larimer, Rebekka S. Palmer, and G. Alan Marlatt, “Relapse Prevention: An Overview of Marlatt’s Cognitive-Behavioral Model,”
Alcohol Research & Health
23, no. 2 (1999).
126
. AA World Services,
Alcoholics Anonymous,
43. “Once more: The alcoholic at certain times has no effective mental defense against the first drink…. [N]either he nor any other human being can provide such a defense. His defense must come from a Higher Power.”
127
.
Alcoholics Anonymous,
55. “We found the Great Reality deep down within us. In the last analysis, it is
only there
that He may be found.” [underlining mine].
128
.
Alcoholics Anonymous,
86.
About the Author
Omar Manejwala, M.D.,
is a psychiatrist and an internationally recognized expert on addiction and compulsive behavior. He is the former medical director of Hazelden, a treatment center in Center City, Minnesota, and currently the chief medical officer of Catasys, a health management services company specializing in substance dependence. He has appeared on numerous national media programs including
20/20, CBS Evening News, and The Early Show.
Although he is an expert on craving, he hasn’t yet conquered his own craving for spending time with his wife, Cecily, and their two sons, although he seems just fine with that.
For the latest updates and news on cravings, tips for managing specific cravings, and to stay connected with the Craving community, visit
www.facebook.com/CravingBook
and follow @CravingBook on Twitter. Hazelden also offers an online social community for those in recovery and their families, at
www.hazelden.org/social
.
…
Hazelden,
a national nonprofit organization founded in 1949, helps people reclaim their lives from the disease of addiction. Built on decades of knowledge and experience, Hazelden offers a comprehensive approach to addiction that addresses the full range of patient, family, and professional needs, including treatment and continuing care for youth and adults, research, higher learning, public education and advocacy, and publishing.
A life of recovery is lived “one day at a time.” Hazelden publications, both educational and inspirational, support and strengthen lifelong recovery. In 1954, Hazelden published
Twenty-Four Hours a Day,
the first daily meditation book for recovering alcoholics, and Hazelden continues to publish works to inspire and guide individuals in treatment and recovery, and their loved ones. Professionals who work to prevent and treat addiction also turn to Hazelden for evidence-based curricula, informational materials, and videos for use in schools, treatment programs, and correctional programs.
Through published works, Hazelden extends the reach of hope, encouragement, help, and support to individuals, families, and communities affected by addiction and related issues.
For questions about Hazelden publications,
please call
800-328-9000
or visit us online at
hazelden.org/bookstore
.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Craving: Why It Matters
Chapter 2: Beyond Neurotransmitters: The Real Brain Science of Craving and Decision-Making
Chapter 3: How Cravings Drive Self-Defeating Behaviors and the Tenacity of Cravings
Chapter 4: Addiction Is Addiction: How Gambling, Food, Sex, Alcohol, and Drug Addiction Are Related
Chapter 5: Plasticity: How Thoughts, Actions, and Experiences Actually Change Your Brain
Chapter 8: The Naïve Perception of Immunity
Chapter 9: Apparently Irrelevant Decisions (AIDs): How Simple Actions Can Reduce Cravings
Chapter 10: Joy, Hope, and Recovery