Dixie Betrayed (47 page)

6.
Edmund Rice, “Repelling Lee’s Last Blow at Gettysburg,” in
Battles and Leaders,
eds. Johnson and Buel, 3: 389-90; Haskell,
Haskell of Gettysburg,
170.

7.
Ulysses S. Grant, “The Vicksburg Campaign,” in
Battles and Leaders,
eds. Johnson and Buel, 3: 536

8.
New York Tribune
account as quoted in Moore, ed.,
Rebellion Record,
7: 211-14.

9.
Davis to Joseph E. Johnston, Richmond, VA, Jul. 8, 1863, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
5: 540.

10.
Davis to Joseph E. Johnston, Richmond, VA, Jun. 30, 1863, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
5: 533-34.

11.
Pickens to Louis T. Wigfall, Edgewood, SC, Jul. 28, 1863, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.

12.
Davis to Joseph E. Johnston, Richmond, VA, Aug. 1, 1863, Davis Papers, Museum of the Confederacy; Davis to Joseph E. Johnston, Richmond, VA, Aug. 1, 1863, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
5: 582-83.

13.
Johnston to Louis T. Wigfall, Morton, MS, Aug. 12, 1863, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.

14.
Davis to Joseph E. Johnston, Richmond, VA, Aug. 24, 1863, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
6: 1.

15.
Davis to William L. Yancey, Richmond, VA, Jun. 20, 1863, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
5: 528-30.

16.
Davis to Joseph E. Brown, Richmond, VA, Jun. 9, 1863, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
5: 510.

17.
Lubbock to Jefferson Davis, Austin, TX, Jul. 13, 1863, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
5: 544-45.

18.
Bonham to the citizens of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, Jul. 13, 1863, Bonham Papers.

19.
Bonham to the citizens of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, Aug. 27, 1863, Bonham Papers.

20.
Davis to Zebulon B. Vance, Richmond, VA, Jul. 24, 1863, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
5: 576-77; Vance Papers.

21.
Clay to Louis T. Wigfall, Columbus, GA, Aug. 5, 1863, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.

22.
Toombs to the editor of the Augusta, GA,
Constitutionalist,
Washington, GA, Aug. 12, 1863, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb,
Correspondence,
622-27.

23.
Toombs to Alexander H. Stephens, Washington, GA, Jul. 14, 1863, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb,
Correspondence,
621.

24.
Brown to Alexander H. Stephens, Marietta, GA, Aug. 12, 1863, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb,
Correspondence,
621-22.

25.
Stephens to Jefferson Davis, Liberty Hall, Crawfordville, GA, Jun. 12, 1863, in Richardson, ed.,
Compilation of Messages,
1: 339-41; Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
5: 513.

26.
Davis to Alexander H. Stephens, Richmond, VA, Jul. 2, 1863, in Richardson, ed.,
Compilation of Messages,
1: 341-43; Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
5: 515-16.

27.
As quoted in Richardson, ed.,
Compilation of Messages,
1: 343-44.

28.
Brown to Alexander H. Stephens, Marietta, GA, Aug. 22, 1863, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb,
Correspondence,
627-28.

29.
Hunter to Louis T. Wigfall, near Lynchburg, VA, Jun. 23, 1863, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.

30.
Davis to R. W. Johnson, Richmond, VA, Jul. 14, 1863, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
5: 548-50.

31.
Toombs to W. W. Burwell, Washington, GA, Aug. 29, 1863, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb,
Correspondence,
628-29.

32.
Toombs to Howell Cobb, Washington, GA, Aug. 29, 1863, Cobb Papers.

33.
Davis to Alexander H. Stephens, Richmond, VA, Aug. 31, 1863, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
6: 20.

14. Soiled Reputations

1.
James R. Carnahan, “Personal Recollections of Chickamauga,” in
Sketches of War History, 1861-1865; Papers Read before the Ohio Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, 1883-1886,
vol. 1 (Cincinnati: Robert Clarke, 1888), 410-17; Owen,
In Camp and Battle,
278-84.

2.
Polley,
A Soldier’s Letters,
142-48.

3.
Connolly, “Major Connolly’s Letters,” 35: 298.

4.
Bragg to Jefferson Davis, Dec. 1, 1863, in U.S. War Dept.,
War of the Rebellion,
52: II, 745.

5.
Edward Porter Alexander, “Longstreet at Knoxville,” in
Battles and Leaders,
eds. Johnson and Buell, 3: 749; Orlando M. Poe, “The Defense of Knoxville,” in
Battles and Leaders,
eds. Johnson and Buell, 3: 743.

6.
Lincoln,
Collected Works,
7: 17-22.

7.
Clay to Louis T. Wigfall, Macon, GA, Sept. 11, 1863, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.

8.
Davis to the soldiers of the Army of Tennessee, Headquarters, Army of Tennessee, Oct. 14, 1863, in Richardson, ed.,
Compilation of Messages,
1: 335-36.

9.
Breckinridge to D. H. Hill, Chattanooga, TN, Oct. 15, 1863, Hill Papers, Division of Archives and History. After Hill received the letter relieving him from duty, Archer Anderson, a staff officer, visited Bragg’s headquarters with the relieved general. According to Anderson, Bragg said he knew officers were dissatisfied with him and had asked the president to be relieved, but Davis refused! So Bragg suggested to Davis that Hill needed to be removed because he so strongly lacked confidence in Bragg. Hill wanted specifics, rather than a vague condemnation, to repair his reputation (Archer Anderson, memorandum, near Chattanooga, TN, Oct. 16, 1863, Hill Papers, Division of Archives and History).

10.
Davis to Leonidas Polk, Atlanta, GA, Oct. 29, 1863, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
6: 65-66.

11.
Hill to Samuel Cooper, Richmond, VA, Nov. 13, 1863, Hill Papers, Division of Archives and History.

12.
Hill to Jefferson Davis, Richmond, VA, Nov. 16, 1863, Hill Papers, Division of Archives and History.

13.
Cooper to D. H. Hill, Richmond, VA, Nov. 20, 1863, Hill Papers, Division of Archives and History.

14.
Keitt to Susan Keitt, Mt. Pleasant, SC, Oct. 27, 1863, Keitt Papers.

15.
Brown to Alexander H. Stephens, Milledgeville, GA, Nov. 27, 1863, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb,
Correspondence,
630-31.

16.
Davis to James A. Seddon, Atlanta, GA, Oct. 29, 1863, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
6: 72.

17.
Vance to Jefferson Davis, Raleigh, NC, Sept. 11, 1863, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
6: 30-31.

18.
Vance to James A. Seddon, Oct. 1, 1863, Vance Papers, Division of Archives and History; Seddon to Zebulon B. Vance, Richmond, VA, Sept. 17, 1863, Vance Papers.

19.
Bonham to P. G. T. Beauregard, Columbia, SC, Oct. 27, 1863, Beauregard Papers, University of South Carolina.

20.
Toombs to Alexander H. Stephens, Washington, GA, Nov. 2, 1863, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb,
Correspondence,
630.

21.
Davis to the Congress, Richmond, VA, Dec. 7, 1863, in Richardson, ed.,
Compilation of Messages,
1: 345-82; Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
6: 93-128.

22.
Southern Historical Society Papers,
50: 21-23.

23.
Foote as quoted in
Southern Historical Society Papers,
50: 21-23.

24.
Ibid., 140-47.

25.
Ibid., 23-24.

26.
Wigfall as quoted in
Southern Historical Society Papers,
50: 109-112.

27.
Garland and Foote as quoted in
Southern Historical Society Papers,
50: 67-69.

28.
Vance to Jefferson Davis, Raleigh, NC, Dec. 30, 1863, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
6: 141-42; Vance to Jefferson Davis, Raleigh, Dec. 30, 1863, Vance Papers.

15. The President versus the Congress

1.
Davis as quoted in Richardson, ed.,
Compilation of Messages,
1: 388-90; Davis as quoted in
Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America,
58th Cong., 2d Sess., Doc. 234, 3: 583-84.

2.
Southern Historical Society Papers,
50: 273-74.

3.
Davis to the Senate, Richmond, VA, Jan. 27, 1864, in Richardson, ed.,
Compilation of Messages,
1: 392-94.

4.
Johnston to Louis T. Wigfall, Dalton, GA, Apr. 23, 1864, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.

5.
Jones,
Artilleryman’s Diary,
166-210; Lee,
Wartime Papers,
659-60.

6.
Porter to Gideon Welles, Flagship
Black Hawk,
mouth of the Red River, May 16, 1864, report quoted in U.S. War Dept.,
War of the Rebellion,
130 [I, 26: 130 (1914)].

7.
Cobb to Alexander H. Stephens, Headquarters, Georgia State Guard, Atlanta, GA, Jan. 2, 1864, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb,
Correspondence,
631.

8.
Keitt to Susan Keitt, Sullivan’s Island, SC, Jan. 31, 1864, Keitt Papers.

9.
Wigfall to Robert M. T. Hunter, Albemarle Co., VA, Apr. 12, 1864, Hunter Papers, National Archives, Washington.

10.
Davis to Robert M. T. Hunter, Richmond, VA, Apr. 14, 1864, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
6: 226-27. Ironically, the Hunter letter was written one year to the day before another act of terror, the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, would take place.

11.
Clay to Louis T. Wigfall, Petersburg, VA, Apr. 29, 1864, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.

12.
Davis as quoted in
Journal of the Congress of the Confederate States of America,
58th Cong., 2d sess., Doc. 234, 4: 669.

13.
Stephens to Jefferson Davis, Crawfordville, GA, Jan. 22, 1864, Stephens Papers, Duke University.

14.
Davis to the Congress, Richmond, VA, Feb. 3, 1864, in Richardson, ed.,
Compilation of Messages,
1: 395-400; Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
6: 164-69.

15.
Keitt to Alexander H. Stephens, Headquarters, Mt. Pleasant, [SC], Apr. 13, 1864, Stephens Papers, Library of Congress.

16.
Johnston to Louis T. Wigfall, Dalton, GA, Jan. 4, 1864, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.

17.
Gardenhire, Miles, and Foote as quoted in
Southern Historical Society Papers,
50: 292-94.

18.
Barksdale as quoted in
Southern Historical Society Papers,
50: 356-61.

19.
Vance to an unnamed correspondent, Raleigh, NC, Jan. 2, 1864, Vance Papers.

20.
Davis to Zebulon B. Vance, Richmond, VA, Jan. 8, 1864, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
6: 143-46.

21.
Brown to Zebulon B. Vance, Milledgeville, GA, Jan. 16, 1864, Vance Papers.

22.
Davis to Zebulon B. Vance, Richmond, VA, Feb. 29, 1864, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
6: 193-97.

23.
Brown to Alexander H. Stephens, Canton, GA, Jan. 4, 1864, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb,
Correspondence,
631-32.

24.
Brown to Alexander H. Stephens, Milledgeville, GA, Jan. 28, 1864, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb,
Correspondence,
632-33.

25.
Tucker to Jefferson Davis, Spotswood Hotel, Richmond, VA, Mar. 14, 1864, in Davis,
Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist,
6: 204-6.

26.
Toombs to Alexander H. Stephens, Washington, GA, Apr. 1, 1864, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb,
Correspondence,
637-39.

27.
Rhett to Louis T. Wigfall, n.p., Apr. 15, 1864, Wigfall Papers, Library of Congress.

28.
Brown to Alexander H. Stephens, Milledgeville, GA, Apr. 5, 1864, in Toombs, Stephens, and Cobb,
Correspondence,
639-40.

16. Military Highs and Lows

1.
Grant,
Papers,
10: 273-75.

2.
Lee,
Wartime Papers,
719.

3.
J. Harvie Dew, “The Yankee and Rebel Yells,”
Century Illustrated Magazine,
43 (Apr. 1892): 954.

4.
Martin T. McMahon, “The Death of General Sedgwick,” in
Battles and Leaders,
4, eds. Johnson and Buel, 175; Augustus C. Brown,
The Diary of a Line Officer,
43-44.

5.
Grant,
Papers,
10: 422; Ezra J. Warner,
Generals in Gray,
235.

6.
Charles S. Venable, “General Lee in the Wilderness Campaign,” in
Battles and Leaders,
4, eds. Johnson and Buel, 245; Peter S. Michie,
The Life and Letters of Emory Upton, Colonel of the Fourth Regiment of Artillery, and Brevet Major-General, U.S. Army
(New York: D. Appleton, 1885), 108; Richard Corbin, “Letters of a Confederate Officer to His Family in Europe during the Last Year of the War for Secession,”
Magazine of History
24 (1913): 23.

7.
Brown,
Diary of a Line Officer,
77-82.

8.
Gray as quoted in John Chipman Gray and John Codman Ropes,
War Letters,
364-66.

9.
William T. Sherman,
Memoirs,
2: 125-27.

10.
Lee as quoted in J. William Jones,
Life and Letters of Robert Edward Lee,
306.

11.
Farragut as quoted in Charles Lee Lewis,
David Glasgow Farragut,
2: 269.