Read Dream Factories and Radio Pictures Online
Authors: Howard Waldrop
Tags: #Literature & Fiction, #Essays & Correspondence, #Essays, #Science Fiction & Fantasy, #Science Fiction, #Anthologies, #short stories, #Anthologies & Short Stories, #TV; Movie; Video Game Adaptations
Introduction: Fin de Cyclé
I
S THIS A STORY ABOUT BICYCLES
, or is it about the beginnings of film? You tell me. I always give stories a reference title (before I give them a real one) by some private name—this I always thought of as “the velocipede story.” But as I wrote it, it came to be as much or more about film as about two-wheeled vehicles.
The early history of film is about what is called grammar. At first, films were one- or two-minute pieces of life—trains arriving at stations, waves breaking on the coast, workers leaving a factory. Audiences would watch anything because it moved. The idea itself was astounding to them.
But then film started telling stories. (
The Waterer Watered
: gardener watering flowers; kid steps on hose; gardener looks in hose; kid steps off hose; gardener gets face-full; gardener beats shit out of kid. The End.) It was a minute long and it packed them in like
ET
.
But to do that, the Lumière Bros. had to figure out
how
to tell it: Show the gardener watering. Show the kid stepping on the hose. Show the water flow stopping. Pretty simple. Cause and effect. Shot continuously, like you’re watching a stage show. Gardener over here, kid over there, hose, flowers, etc.
It was a little later, when people tried to show simultaneous action that things got complicated. That’s why to us early narrative film seems so slow moving. This happens. Then a title: Meanwhile, over at the sawmill . . . Oil Can Harry has Pearl tied to the log. Another title: Back at the Roundhouse . . . Teddy the Keystone Dog unties Tom Oakheart, who gets on a handcar to make for the sawmill. The titles had to do the early work. There was no grammar of editing yet. It was only later that filmmakers (Griffith gets credit for a hundred other people) cut to: sawmill, Oil Can Harry, Pearl, the whirring saw blade. Cut to: the roundhouse, Teddy, Tom Oakheart, the bonds gnawed through, Tom and Teddy running to the handcar.
Also, you’ll notice, in this (my and Mack Sennett’s) universal scenario: Harry faces screen right; Pearl, in the middle, the whirring saw blade at the edge of the screen. When Tom’s bonds are chewed through, he moves screen right (
toward
the
screen
sawmill)—and when Tom bursts in on Harry’s plan to turn Pearl into red wet 2x4s, he’d damn well better come in from screen left, behind Harry (
from
the
direction
of the
screen
roundhouse).
This is screen orientation, part of the grammar of film movement and editing. (And the W/S u-plot is the kind of thing that was being done twenty years into film history—the kind of thing Sennett made fun of while he was making money from it.)
Nobody knew
any
of this stuff in the 1890s. They had to figure it out from Day One.
The other thing the early filmmakers (especially Méliès, who was a stage magician and illusionist) didn’t realize was that MAGIC does not work
on
the screen; the screen
is
magic. In other words, you can do the most complicated illusion in the world, one that, if you did it outdoors, in broad daylight with two hundred thousand spectators, would be the most astounding thing ever seen. Let’s say you make some behemoth of an elephant disappear. Bravo! Astounding! How’d he do it?
Now
on film
(and Méliès did discover this; he just never understood its impact): Daylight. Two hundred thousand spectators. Méliès waves his wand. We stop the camera. Europe holds still. We remove the elephant by walking it off to one side. We start the camera, Méliès finishes the wave. The elephant is gone. Bravo! (
in the film
) Astounding! (
in the film
) How’d he do it? (
in the film
)
I
can make an elephant disappear, so can you and so can your Aunt Minnie,
on film
. Méliès never understood this (beautiful as some of his tricks were). Houdini didn’t, and neither did David Copperfield (the illusionist, not the Victorian journalist).
Elaborate tricks and trick photography have equal weight on the screen.
Houdini could show his escape from a welded-shut, chained-up milk can on the bottom of the near-frozen Hudson River. You could see him do it; his contortions are amazing, his manipulations have never been equaled. BUT—
I
can escape from a welded-shut, chained-up milk can
on film
, and so can you. Because it wouldn’t be those things—it would be a cinematic milk can (one side cut away so I could be filmed); it wouldn’t be welded shut. The chains would be papier-mâché; through the use of editing and with doubles hidden behind and under me (or now with the use of morphing) I could make my body move around like Plastic Man; and the damned thing wouldn’t be at the bottom of the Hudson River (I’d be dropped in there, and swim out there, like Tony Curtis); it would be in some tank somewhere when it needed to be shown. (I’d be somewhere
else
high and dry doing the contortions.) Then I’d come out of the milk can in the tank and swim upward and then—again like Tony Curtis—I’d surface in the Hudson.
And, as in this story, the early filmmakers filmed in sequence, consecutively. It took awhile for them to realize they didn’t
have
to; in fact, it was more costly to do it that way, even if you had time and space for standing sets. (You film Pearl’s house; you film Tom at the roundhouse; you film Harry at the sawmill; you go back and forth to each set as needed, till the film is done. NO—WAIT! Hey, we can film
all
the scenes at Pearl’s house, early, middle, late;
all
the scenes at the roundhouse,
all
at the sawmill, with appropriate costume changes—hence the industry need for script girls and continuity directors—and send the sets all back to the scene shop when we’re through! We’ll save a bundle!)
None of this stuff existed when this story starts. It was all out there, waiting—how to tell a story, how to edit it, how to make it work without confusing the audience.
I asked at the first of this whether this was about film or velocipedes.
It’s mostly about Alfred Jarry, one of those truly unique people we are allowed to glimpse every century or so (we’re overdue). He was the perfect counterpoint to the history of his times—in someone’s phrase about someone else, he marched to the tune of a different kazoo, altogether. Some things in this story are a little exaggerated—but not the rancor of the Dreyfus Affair, and though some of the incidents are made up, Jarry did
all
the things here, or things far more—uh, individualistic. Go read a couple of books about him and his times, starting with Roger Shattuck’s
The Banquet Years
(1958 and rev. later).
This story was originally written in two goes, October 1989, the first half, and March through May 1990, the rest. It was the original in
Night of the Cooters
, was reprinted in the Mid-December 1991 issue of
Asimov’s
, and was a Hugo nominee.
Back into the depths of the camera’s mast, then . . .
Fin de Cyclé
I. Humors in Uniform
A. Gentlemen, Start Your Stilts!
T
HERE WAS CLANKING AND SINGING
as the company came back from maneuvers.
Pa-chinka Pa-chinka,
a familiar and comforting sound. The first of the two scouts came into view five meters in the air atop the new steam stilts. He storked his way into the battalion area, then paused.
Behind him came the second scout, then the cyclists in columns of three. They rode high-wheeled ordinaries, dusty now from the day’s ride. Their officer rode before them on one of the new safety bicycles, dwarfed by those who followed behind.
At the headquarters he stopped, jumped off his cycle.
“Company! . . .” he yelled, and the order was passed back along by NCOs, “ . . . company . . . company . . . company! . . .”
“Halt!” Again the order ran back. The cyclists put on their spoon-brakes, reached out and grabbed the handlebars of the man to the side. The high-wheelers stood immobile in place, 210 of them, with the two scouts standing to the fore, steam slowly escaping from the legs of their stilts.
“Company . . .” again the call and echoes, “Dis—” at the command, the leftward soldier placed his left foot on the step halfway down the spine of the bicycle above its small back wheel. The others shifted their weight backwards, still holding to the other man’s handlebars.
“—mount!” The left-hand soldier dropped back to the ground, reached through to grab the spine of the ordinary next to him; the rider of that repeated the first man’s motions, until all three men were on the ground beside their high-wheels.
At the same time the two scouts pulled the levers beside the knees of their metal stilts. The columns began to telescope down into themselves with a hiss of steam until the men were close enough to the ground to step off and back.
“Company C, 3rd Battalion, 11th Bicycle Infantry, Attention!” said the lieutenant. As he did so, the major appeared on the headquarters’ porch. Like the others, he was dressed in the red baggy pants, blue coat and black cap with a white kepi on the back. Unlike them, he wore white gloves, sword, and pistol.
“Another mission well done,” he said. “Tomorrow—a training half-holiday, for day after tomorrow, Bastille Day, the ninety-ninth of the Republic—we ride to Paris and then we roll smartly down the Champs-élysées, to the general appreciation of the civilians and the wonder of the children.”
A low groan went through the bicycle infantrymen.
“Ah, I see you are filled with enthusiasm! Remember—you are the finest Army in France—the Bicycle Infantry! A short ride of seventy kilometers holds no terrors for you! A mere ten kilometers within the city. An invigorating seventy kilometers back! Where else can a man get such exercise? And such meals! And be paid besides? Ah, were I a younger man, I should never have become an officer, but joined as a private and spent a life of earnest bodybuilding upon two fine wheels!”
Most of the 11th were conscripts doing their one year of service, so the finer points of his speech were lost on them.
A bugle sounded somewhere off in the fort. “Gentlemen: Retreat.”
Two clerks came out of headquarters and went to the flagpole.
From left and right bands struck up the Retreat. All came to attention facing the flagpole, as the few sparse notes echoed through the quadrangles of the garrison.
From the corner of his eye the major saw Private Jarry, already placed on Permanent Latrine Orderly, come from out of the far row of toilets set halfway out toward the drill course. The major could tell Private Jarry was disheveled from this far away—even with such a job one should be neat. His coat was buttoned sideways by the wrong buttons, one pants leg in his boots, one out. His hat was on front-to-back with the kepi tied up above his forehead.
He had his toilet brush in his hand.
The back of the major’s neck reddened.
Then the bands struck up “To the Colors”—the company area was filled with the sound of salutes snapping against cap brims.
The clerks brought the tricolor down its lanyard.
Private Jarry saluted the flag with his toilet brush.
The major almost exploded; stood shaking, hand frozen in salute.
The notes went on; the major calmed himself. This man is a loser. He does not belong in the Army; he doesn’t deserve the Army! Conscription is a privilege. Nothing I can do to this man will
ever
be enough; you cannot kill a man for being a bad soldier; you can only inconvenience him; make him miserable in his resolve; the result will be the same. You will both go through one year of hell; at the end you will still be a major, and he will become a civilian again, though with a bad discharge. His kind never amount to anything. Calm yourself—he is not worth a stroke—he is not insulting France, he is insulting
you
. And he is beneath your notice.
At the last note the major turned on his heel with a nod to the lieutenant and went back inside, followed by the clerks with the folded tricolors.
The lieutenant called off odd numbers for cycle-washing detail; evens were put to work cleaning personal equipment and rifles.
Private Jarry turned with military smartness and went back in to his world of strong disinfectant soap and
merde.
* * *
After chow that evening, Private Jarry retired behind the bicycle shop and injected more picric acid beneath the skin of his arms and legs.
In three more months, only five after being drafted, he would be released, with a medical discharge, for “chronic jaundice.”
B. Cannons in the Rain
Cadet Marcel Proust walked into the company orderly room. He had been putting together his belongings; today was his last full day in the Artillery. Tomorrow he would leave active duty after a year at Orleans.
“Attention,” shouted the corporal clerk as he came in. “At ease,” said Marcel, nodding to the enlisted men who copied orders by hand at their desks. He went to the commanding officer’s door, knocked.
“Entre.”
said a voice and he went in.
“Cadet Proust reporting,
mon capitaine
,” said Marcel, saluting.
“Oh, there’s really no need to salute in here, Proust,” said Captain Dreyfus.
“Perhaps, sir, it will be my last.”
“Yes,
yes,
” said Captain Dreyfus. “Tea? Sugar?” The captain indicated the kettle. “Serve yourself.” He looked through some papers absent-mindedly. “Sorry to bring you in on your last day—sure we cannot talk you into joining the officers corps? France has need of bright young men like you!—No, I thought not. Cookies? Over there; Madame Dreyfus baked them this morning.” Marcel retrieved a couple, while stirring the hot tea in his cup.
“Sit, sit. Please!” Dreyfus indicated the chair. Marcel slouched into it.
“You were saying?” he asked.
“Ah! Yes. Inspections coming up, records, all that,” said the captain. “You remember, some three months ago, August 19th to be exact, we were moving files from the old headquarters across the two quadrangles to this building? You were staff duty officer that day?”
“I remember the move,
mon capitaine
. That was the day we received the Maxim gun tricycles, also. It was—yes—a day of unseasonable rain.”
“Oh? Yes?” said Dreyfus. “That
is
correct. Do you remember, perhaps, the clerks having to take an alternate route here, until we procured canvas to protect the records?”
“They took several. Or am I confusing that with the day we exchanged barracks with the 91st Artillery? That also was rainy. What is the matter?”
“Some records evidently did not make it here. Nothing important, but they must be in the files for the inspection, else we shall get a very black mark indeed.”
Marcel thought. Some of the men used the corridors of the instruction rooms carrying files, some went through the repair shops. There were four groups of three clerks to each set of cabinets. . . .
“Which files?”
“Gunnery practice, instruction records. The boxes which used to be—”
“—on top of the second set of wooden files,” said Marcel. “I remember them there. I do not remember seeing them
here
. . . . I am at a total loss as to how they could not have made it to the orderly room,
mon capitaine
.”
“They were checked off as leaving, in your hand, but evidently, we have never seen them again.”
Proust racked his brain. The stables? The instruction corridor; surely they would have been found by now. . . .
“Oh, we’ll just have to search and search, get the 91st involved. They’re probably in
their
files. This army runs on paperwork—soon clerks will outnumber the generals, eh, Proust?”
Marcel laughed. He drank at his tea—it was lemon tea, pleasant but slightly weak. He dipped one of the cookies—the kind called a madeline—in it and took a bite.
Instantly a chill and an aching familiarity came over him—he saw his Grandmother’s house in Balbec, an identical cookie, the same kind of tea, the room cluttered with furniture, the sound of his brother coughing upstairs, the feel of the wrought iron dinner table chair against the back of his bare leg, his father looking out the far kitchen window into the rain, the man putting down the burden, heard his mother hum a tune, a raincoat falling, felt the patter of raindrops on the tool-shed roof, smelled the tea and cookie in a second overpowering rush, saw a scab on the back of his hand from eleven years before. . . .
“Mon capitaine!”
said Marcel, rocking forward, slapping his hand against his forehead. “Now I remember where the box was left!”
II. Both Hands
R
OUSSEAU WAS PAINTING A TIGER
.
It was not just any tiger. It was the essence of tiger, the apotheosis of
felis horribilis
. It looked out from the canvas with yellow-green eyes through which a cold emerald light shone. Its face was beginning to curve into a snarl. Individual quills of whiskers stood out from the black and gold jaws in rippling lines. The edge of the tongue showed around lips with a faint edge of white. A single flower, its stem bent, was the only thing between the face of the tiger and the viewer.
Henri Rousseau put down his brush. He stepped back from the huge canvas. To left and right, birds flew in fright from the charging tiger. The back end of a water buffalo disappeared through the rank jungle at the rear of the canvas. Blobs of gray and tan indicated where the rhinoceros and impala would be painted in later. A huge patch of bamboo was just a swatch of green-gold; a neutral tan stood in for the unstarted blue sky.
A pearl-disk of pure white canvas, with tree limbs silhouetted before it would later be a red-ocher sun.
At the far back edge of the sky, partially eclipsed by a yellow riot of bananas, rose the newly completed Eiffel Tower.
Rousseau wiped his hand against his Rembrandt beret. His eyes above his graying spade beard and mustache moved back and forth, taking in the wet paint.
Pinned to one leg of the easel was a yellowed newspaper clipping he kept there (its duplicate lay in a thick scrapbook at the corner of the room in the clutter away from the north light). He no longer read it; he knew the words by heart. It was from a review of the showing at the Salon des Refusés two years before.
“The canvases of Monsieur Rousseau are something to be seen (then again, they’re not!). One viewer was so bold to wonder with which hand the artist had painted this scene, and someone else was heard to reply: ‘Both, sir! Both hands! And both feet!’ ”
Rousseau walked back to the painting, gobbed his brush three times across the palette, and made a two-centimeter dot on the face of the tiger.
Now the broken flower seemed to bend from the foul breath of the animal; it swayed in the hot mammal wind.
Rousseau moved on to another section of the painting.
The tiger was done.
III. Supper for Four
T
HREE YOUNG MEN WALKED QUICKLY
through the traffic of Paris on streets aclank with the sound of pedals, sprockets, and chains. They talked excitedly. Quadricycles and tricycles passed, ridden by women, older men, couples having quiet conversations as they pedaled.
High above them all, their heads three meters in the air, came young men bent over their gigantic wheels. They sailed placidly along, each pump of their legs covering six meters of ground, their trailing wheels like afterthoughts. They were aloof and intent; the act of riding was their life.
Occasionally a horse and wagon came by the three young men, awash in a sea of cyclists. A teamster kept pace with a postman on a hens-and-chickens pentacycle for a few meters, then fell behind.
There was a ringing of bells ahead and the traffic parted to each side; pedaling furiously came a police tricycle, a man to the front on the seat ringing the bell, another to the rear standing on the back pedals. Between them an abject-looking individual was strapped to the reclining seat, handcuffed and foot-manacled to the tricycle frame.
The ringing died away behind them, and the three young men turned a corner down toward the Seine. At a certain address they turned in, climbed to the third landing-and-a-half, and knocked loudly on the door.
“Enter Our Royal Chasublerie!” came the answer.
Blinking, the three tumbled into the dark room. The walls were covered with paintings and prints, woodcuts, stuffed weasels and hawks, books, papers, fishing gear and bottles. It was an apartment built from half a landing. Their heads scraped the ceiling. A huge ordinary lay on its side, taking up the whole center of the room.
“Alfred,” said one of the young men. “Great news of Pierre and Jean-Paul!”
“They arrived in the Middle Orient on their world tour!” said the second.
“They’ve been sighted in Gaza and bombed in Gilead!” said the third.
“More bulletins soon!” said the first. “We have brought a bottle of wine to celebrate their joyous voyage.”
The meter-and-a-quarter-tall Jarry brushed his butt-length hair back from his face. When they had knocked, he had just finished a bottle of absinthe.