Dreamers of a New Day (44 page)

44
  Phyllis Grosskurth,
Havelock Ellis: A Biography
, New York University Press, New York, 1985, p. 191; Sheila Rowbotham,
Women in Movement: Feminism and Social Action
, Routledge, New York, 1992, pp. 158–61.

45
  Ellen Carol DuBois,
Harriot Stanton Blatch and the Winning of Woman Suffrage
, Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, 1997, pp. 60–85; Lane,
Mary Ritter Beard
, pp. 1–23; Alice Hamilton,
Exploring the Dangerous Trades
, Northeastern University Press, Boston, 1985, pp. 240–41. On the formal organizations see Leila J. Rupp,
Worlds of Women: The Making of an International Women’s Movement
, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1997.

46
  Sheila Rowbotham,
A New World for Women: Stella Browne – Socialist Feminist
, Pluto, London, 1977, pp. 15–17; Desley Deacon,
Elsie Clews Parsons: Inventing Modern Life
, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1997, fn. 32, p. 434.

47
  Jill Liddington and Jill Norris,
One Hand Tied Behind Us: The Rise of the Women’s Suffrage Movement
, Virago, London, 1978, pp. 236–7; Thomson, ‘“Domestic Drudgery will be a Thing of the Past”’, p. 115.

48
  Fannia Cohn quoted in Orleck,
Common Sense and a Little Fire
, p. 192.

49
  Hermia Oliver,
The International Anarchist Movement in Late Victorian London
, Croom Helm, London, 1983, pp. 25–33; Nicolas Walter, ‘Charlotte Wilson’ in ed. David Goodway,
The Anarchist Past and Other Essays: Nicolas Walter
, Five Leaves, Nottingham, 2007, pp. 220–30.

50
  Dora Barrow Montefiore in ed. Elizabeth Crawford,
The Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide
1866–1928, UCL Press, London, 1999, pp. 418–23.

51
  Deacon,
Elsie Clews Parsons
, pp. 34–53, 121–3.

52
  Marie Jenny Howe quoted in Deacon,
Elsie Clews Parsons
, p. 121.

53
  Bland,
Beauty and the Beast
, pp. 14–47.

54
  Ibid., pp. 250–96; Delap,
The Feminist Avant-Garde
, pp. 49, 122–6; Mathew Thomson,
Psychological Subjects, Identity, Culture and Health in Twentieth-Century Britain
, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006, pp. 20–22, 100–101.

55
  Mabel Dodge Luhan quoted in Lois Palken Rudnick,
Mabel Dodge Luhan: New Woman, New Worlds
, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 1984, p. 143.

56
  Parsons quoted in Deacon,
Elsie Clews Parsons
, p. 129.

57
  Blanche Wiesen Cook, ed.,
Crystal Eastman: On Women and Revolution
, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1978, pp. 46–57.

58
  Mrs. Bertrand Russell (Dora Russell),
The Right to Be Happy
, Garden City Publishing, New York, 1927, p. 295.

2 How to Be

1
  Dora Montefiore, ‘The New Woman’,
Singings Through the Dark
, Sampson Low & Co., London, 1898, pp. 62–3.

2
  Holmes, ‘The “Unwomanly” Woman’, p. 13.

3
  Emma Heller Schumm, Boston Branch of the Walt Whitman Fellowship, 17 March 1901, Born Papers, The Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives.

4
  Ibid.

5
  Clapperton,
Scientific Meliorism
, p. 140.

6
  Teresa Billington-Greig, 1914, quoted in Brian Harrison,
Prudent Revolutionaries: Portraits of British Feminists Between the Wars
, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1987, p. 63.

7
  Mary Simmons, quoted in Martha Vicinus,
Independent Women: Work and Community for Single Women:
1850–1920, Virago, London, 1985, p. 230.

8
  Florence Exten-Hann, quoted in ed. Sheila Rowbotham,
Dreams and Dilemmas: Collected Writings
, Virago, London, 1983, p. 224.

9
  Crystal Eastman, quoted in Cook,
Crystal Eastman
, p. 9.

10
  Ibid.

11
  Elizabeth Cady Stanton, quoted in Crawford,
The Women’s Suffrage Movement
, p. 271.

12
  Anon., ‘Infant Clothing’,
The Rational Dress Society’s Gazette
, Vol. 2, No. 6, July 1889, p. 76.

13
  Quoted in Rita McWilliams, Tullberg, ‘Mary Paley Marshall, 1850–1944’ in eds Mary Ann Dimand, Robert W. Dimand, Evelyn L. Forget,
Women of Value: Feminist Essays on the History of Women in Economics
, Edward Elgar, Aldershot, 1995, p. 161.

14
  Helena Born, ‘Whitman and Nature’, Mss C. 1890, Born Papers, Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives.

15
  Gordon and Doughan,
Dictionary of British Women’s Organisations
, p. 63.

16
  Dennis Hardy,
Community Experiments,
1900–1945, E. and F. N. Spon, London, 2000, p. 123.

17
  Nellie Shaw,
Whiteway: A Colony in the Cotswolds
, C. W. Daniel, London, 1935, p. 109.

18
  Gordon and Doughan,
Dictionary of British Women’s Organisations
, p. 63.

19
  Shari Benstock,
Women of the Left Bank: Paris
1900–1940, University of Texas, Austin, 1986, p. 302.

20
  Charlotte Perkins Gilman, quoted in Lane,
To Herland and Beyond
, p. 285.

21
  Christine Stansell,
American Moderns: Bohemian New York and the Creation of a New Century
, Metropolitan Books, New York, 2000, p. 35.

22
  Cosmo Gordon Lang quoted in J. G. Lockhart,
Cosmo Gordon Lang
, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1949, p. 49.

23
  Sheila Rowbotham, Interview with Maurice Hann, Mss Notes, 1973.

24
  Chew,
Ada Nield Chew
, p. 10.

25
  Ibid.

26
  Quoted in Harrison,
Prudent Revolutionaries
, p. 189.

27
  Milka Sablich, quoted in Ella Reeve Bloor,
We Are Many: An Autobiography,
International Publishers, New York, 1940, pp. 218–19.

28
  Quoted in Angela Woollacott,
On Her Their Lives Depend: Munitions Workers in the Great War
, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1994, p. 130.

29
  Quoted in Melinda Chateauvert,
Marching Together: Women of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1998, p. 9.

30
  Quoted in Laura Doan,
Fashioning Sapphism: The Origins of a Modern English Lesbian Culture
, Columbia University Press, New York, 2001, p. 120. Doan notes the cultural meanings given to the shift in styles, pp. 96, 120–25.

31
  Elsie Clews Parsons, quoted in Deacon,
Elsie Clews Parsons
, p. 129.

32
  Max Eastman, quoted in Rudnick,
Mabel Dodge Luhan
, p. 117.

33
  Elsie Clews Parsons, quoted in Deacon,
Elsie Clews Parsons
, p. 129.

34
  Isabel Leavenworth, ‘Virtue for Women’, in ed. Freda Kirchwey,
Our Changing Morality: A Symposium
, Albert and Charles Boni, New York, 1924, p. 97.

35
  Josephine Baker, quoted in Ann Douglas,
Terrible Honesty: Mongrel Manhattan in the 1920s
, The Noonday Press, Farrar, Strauss & Giroux, New York, 1995, p. 52.

36
  Jessie Fauset quoted in Benstock,
Women of the Left Bank
, p. 13.

37
  Carby,
Reconstructing Womanhood
, p. 173.

38
  Charlotte Perkins Gilman, ‘Toward Monogamy’ in ed. Kirchwey,
Our Changing Morality
, p. 54.

39
  Mabel Dodge Luhan, quoted in Rudnick,
Mabel Dodge Luhan
, p. 62.

40
  Sheila Rowbotham, Interview with Margery Corbett Ashby, Mss Notes, 1973.

41
  Isabella Ford quoted in June Hannam,
Isabella Ford
, Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1989, p. 54.

42
  
Clarion
, 23 December 1899, quoted in Logie Barrow,
The Socialism of Robert Blatchford and the Clarion Newspaper,
1889–1914, University of London, PhD Thesis, 1975, p. 273.

43
  Julia Dawson,
Clarion
, 30 December 1899, quoted in Barrow,
The Socialism of Robert Blatchford and the Clarion Newspaper
, p. 273.

44
  Ada Nield Chew, ‘The Economic Freedom of Women’,
Freewoman
, 11 July 1912, in ed. Chew,
Ada Nield Chew
, p. 240.

45
  Ibid., pp. 20–21.

46
  Annie Davison, in eds Jean McCrindle and Sheila Rowbotham,
Dutiful Daughters: Women Talk about Their Lives
, Penguin, London, 1983, p. 64.

47
  Dana Frank,
Purchasing Power: Consumer Organizing, Gender, and the Seattle Labor Movement,
1919–1929, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994, p. 57.

48
  Frank,
Purchasing Power
, p. 57.

49
  Children’s Rosebud Fountains, quoted in Elsa Barkley Brown, ‘Womanist Consciousness: Maggie Lena Walker and the Independent Order of Saint Luke’, in eds Ellen Carol DuBois and Vicki L. Ruiz,
Unequal Sisters: A Multicultural Reader in US Women’s History
, Routledge, New York, 1990, p. 212.

50
  Pauline Newman, quoted in Orleck,
Common Sense and a Little Fire
, p. 35.

51
  Mary Heaton Vorse quoted in ed. Dee Garrison,
Rebel Pen: The Writings of Mary Heaton Vorse
, Monthly Review Press, New York, 1985, p. 15.

52
  Quoted in Nancy A. Hewitt,
Southern Discomfort: Women’s Activism in Tampa, Florida, 1880s–1920s
, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 2001, p. 115.

53
  Emma Goldman, ‘The Tragedy of Woman’s Emancipation’, quoted in June Sochen,
Movers and Shakers: American Women Thinkers and Activists,
1900–1970, Quadrangle, The New York Times Book Co., New York, 1973, p. 63.

54
  Charlotte Perkins Gilman, ‘An Anchor to Windward’, 1882, quoted in Hill,
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
, p. 93.

55
  Charlotte Perkins Gilman to Martha Lane, 20 January 1890, quoted in ibid., p. 160.

56
  Kate Courtney and Beatrice (Potter) Webb, quoted in Seymour-Jones,
Beatrice Webb
, p. 209.

57
  Beatrice (Potter) Webb, 5 May 1890, in eds MacKenzie,
The Diaries of Beatrice Webb
, p. 139.

58
  Elsie Clews Parsons, quoted in Deacon,
Elsie Clews Parsons
, p. 143.

59
  Beatrice M. Hinkle, ‘Women and the New Morality’, in ed. Kirchwey,
Our Changing Morality
, p. 249.

60
  Elsie Clews Parsons, quoted in Deacon,
Elsie Clews Parsons
, p. 96.

61
  Beatrice Hastings,
New Age
, Vol. XI, No. 11, 11 July 1912, p. 253. On Hastings in Paris see Dan Franck,
The Bohemians: The Birth of Modern Art: Paris,
1900–1930, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 2001, pp. 187–261.

62
  June Sochen,
The New Woman in Greenwich Village,
1910–1920, Quadrangle, The New York Times Book Co., 1972, pp. 18–23, 34–5. On Susan Glaspell, see Showalter,
A Jury of Her Peers
, pp. 262–3.

63
  Elsie Clews Parsons, quoted in Deacon,
Elsie Clews Parsons
, p. 142.

64
  Leonora Eyles, ‘The Unattached Woman’,
Good Housekeeping
, March 1928, in eds Brian Braithwaite, Noëlle Walsh,
Things My Mother Should Have Told Me: The Best of Good Housekeeping
1922–1940, Ebury Press, London, 1991, p. 74.

65
  Leonora Eyles, ‘Sex Antagonism’,
Lansbury’s Labour Weekly
, 28 November 1925, p.13.

66
  Elise Johnson McDougald, ‘The Double Task: The Struggle of Negro Women for Sex and Race Emancipation’,
Survey Graphic
, 1925, in ed. Margaret Busby,
Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Words and Writings by Women of African Descent from the Ancient Egyptian to the Present
, Jonathan Cape, London, 1992, p. 184.