Edgar Allan Poe: The Fever Called Living (Icons) (16 page)

5. Nevermore (1848–1875)

Both Poe’s lecture advertising and a sense of his competition can be gathered from the
New York Herald
for February 2, 3, and 4, 1848; the
Evening Express
of February 4, 1848, and the
New York Tribune
of February 3 and 8, 1848, also contain useful information.

The weather on the weekend of Poe’s discovery is from the
Baltimore Sun
of October 4, 1849. While a number of newspapers wondered about Poe’s remains in the years after his death, the example cited in this chapter is from
Trenton State Gazette
of September 12, 1854, and Dr. Snodgrass’s complaints were reprinted in the
Weekly Wisconsin Patriot
of June 28, 1856.

The cause of Poe’s death remains famously disputed, though at the time it was universally (and quite reasonably) attributed to alcohol. “Why not acknowledge
the truth?” asked the New York
Weekly Herald
on October 20, 1849. “Hard drinking is the besetting sin of our fine poets and romancers.”

Details of the Raven Club can be gleaned from the City Intelligence sections of
The Constitution
(Washington, D.C.) of February 4, 1860, and December 8, 1860.

Among the various calls for a monument to Poe, the earliest appearance of the campaign by Baltimore schoolteachers is in the
Baltimore Sun
of November 7, 1865; its unveiling is covered a decade later in a lengthy front-page story in that same paper, on November 18, 1875. This account includes such details as the attendance of one thousand spectators, as well as the declaration of a school holiday. The ceremony is also covered in
Edgar A. Poe: A Memorial Volume
(1877), which is reproduced at the
eapoe.org
website.

Although it would take years to finish the task, the notion of moving his wife Virginia’s remains was already being mulled by the time of the ceremony, as is shown by articles in the
Baltimore Sun
on October 8, 1875, and October 11, 1875.

Doyle’s remark on the debt that detective writers owe to Poe was published in the
New York Times
article “Honor Poe in London” on March 2, 1909; it remains just as true today.

Selected Further Reading

Primary Documents

The Poe Log
, ed. Dwight Thomas and David K. Jackson (G. K. Hall & Co., 1987).

Clearly a labor of love, this chronological montage of letters, journal entries, and newspaper clippings models itself to great effect after Jay Leyda’s
The Melville Log
(1951). Although necessarily selective, this documentary approach conveys the breadth of Poe’s life and interest better than most erstwhile biographies—it is a reference work that doubles as a very illuminating narrative on Poe. The entire text has been helpfully included on the
eapoe.org
website.

The Collected Letters of Edgar Allan Poe
(3rd edition), ed. John Ward Ostrom et al. (Gordian Press, 2008).

A key resource in Poe scholarship, this is the most recent expansion and revision of previous 1948 and 1966 editions of Poe’s collected letters. Earlier collections of Poe’s correspondence are not as trustworthy, particularly given the baleful influence of Griswold’s forgeries.

Collected Editions of Poe

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS PRESS EDITIONS

Complete Poems
. Ed. Thomas Mabbott (2000).

Tales & Sketches, Vol. 1: 1831–1842
. Ed. Thomas Mabbott (2000).

Tales & Sketches, Vol. 2: 1843–1849
. Ed. Thomas Mabbott (2000).

Eureka
. Ed. Stuart Levine and Susan F. Levine (2004).

Critical Theory: The Major Documents
. Ed. Stuart Levine and Susan F. Levine (2008).

Though the reprinted Mabbott volumes call out for a modern update, these annotated editions are the best scholarly editions for the close study of Poe.

Edgar Allan Poe: Poetry and Tales
(The Library of America, 1984).

Edgar Allan Poe: Essays and Reviews
(The Library of America, 1984).

Sturdy editions that capture the full range of Poe’s works, the ready availability of these volumes makes them useful for graduate-level work.

Edgar Allan Poe: Complete Tales and Poems
(Vintage Books, 1975).

Cramped, cheap, and nearly complete: its art-nouveau cover has been a campus icon for generations, and with good reason. This edition remains the classic undergrad text to this day.

The Portable Edgar Allan Poe
, ed. Gerald Kennedy. (Penguin Books, 2006).

A thematically arranged selection of Poe’s best-known works. While it can’t quite convey his range and idiosyncrasies, it’s a handy annotated edition of his classics.

Biographies

Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography
. Arthur Hobson Quinn (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1941, 1998 rpt.).

Seven decades on, this remains the greatest and most complete of Poe biographies. Quinn is unafraid to quote—and to quote often—from documents for pages at a time, sometimes acting less as an interpreter than as a well-informed guide through a Poe archive. While correcting Griswold’s depredations loomed larger in 1941 than it needs to today, Quinn’s work remains largely unsurpassed.

Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance
. Kenneth Silverman (HarperCollins, 1991).

The best modern biography on Poe, despite its insistence on pathologizing his life. Silverman’s contextual detail is excellent; he takes pains, for
instance, to dig up just what Poe’s daily routine in the Army would have been. When the psychoanalysis is given a rest, Silverman can be a fine and subtle interpreter of Poe’s work.

Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy
. Jeffrey Meyers (Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1992).

Meyer’s mid-length biography is well-rounded and approachable. Some of his assertions are stated with more certainty than the sources warrant; still, for readers looking to deepen their interest in Poe, his work is a good next step.

Acknowledgments

My books could not happen without the inspiration of my sons, Bramwell and Morgan, or without the love of my wife, Jennifer, who is the first reader of all that I write.

Marc Thomas valiantly held down the fort while I was off contemplating 1840s newspapers. My many thanks also go to my agent, Michelle Tessler, and my editor, James Atlas—and a tip of the stovepipe hat to Ed Park for getting me started.

I remain as indebted as ever to many libraries, including Portland State University, the New York Public Library, and the Library of Congress. My particular thanks also go to the Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore (
eapoe.org
), whose devotion to placing Poe scholarship online makes its website an invaluable resource for readers.

Photo © Kenneth Ulappa

PAUL COLLINS
is the author of eight books, including
The Book of William: How Shakespeare’s First Folio Conquered the World
and
Duel with the Devil: The True Story of How Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr Teamed Up to Take on America’s First Sensational Murder Mystery
, a finalist for the Edgar Award. He appears on NPR’s
Weekend Edition
as its “literary detective” on odd and forgotten books, and is the founder of the Collins Library imprint of McSweeney’s Books. Collins lives in Portland, Oregon, where he is an associate professor of English at Portland State University.

Index

Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems
(Poe),
22

“Al Aaraaf” (Poe),
22
,
72

acting,
2
–
3
,
9

Adams, Richard Locke,
64

Ainsworth, Harrison,
63

alcoholism

breaks from,
36
,
62
,
96

relapses into,
52
,
54
–
55
,
69
–
70
,
74
–
75
,
89
,
97
–
98

start of,
30

Alexander’s Weekly Messenger
,
44
–
46

aliases.
See
identity

Allan, Frances,
3
–
5
,
21
,
97

Allan, John

career of,
3
–
4
,
9

death of,
26

Poe’s adoption by,
3
–
5
,
14

Poe’s clash with,
9
,
13
–
14

Poe’s reconciliation with,
21
–
22
,
24

American Monthly
,
21

American Review
,
67
,
73

“Annabel Lee” (Poe),
100
,
107

anonymity,
15
–
16
.
See also
identity

Antarctic,
26
,
37
–
38
,
88

anthology,
99
–
102

archetypes, detective genre,
59

Army, US,
20
–
23

Arnold Poe, Eliza,
2
,
3

backward storytelling,
49
,
59
,
103

balloon hoax,
29
,
63
–
64
,
106

Baltimore

memorial in,
105
–
6

parents’ life in,
2

Poe in,
21
,
24
–
29
,
97
–
98

Barrett, Elizabeth,
65
,
66

Barrett, Sam,
42

Baudelaire, Charles,
103
–
4

“The Bells” (Poe),
100

“Berenice” (Poe),
27
–
28

Bird, Robert,
33

birth, Poe’s, E. A.,
2

“The Black Cat” (Poe),
57

Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine
,
25
,
43
,
52
–
53

“Bon-Bon” (Poe),
24
–
25

books.
See
novels
;
short stories

Bookseller’s Dinner, first,
35
–
36

Boston,
2
,
14
–
15
,
71
–
72

Boston Miscellany
,
53

Bostonian
,
79

Bransby, John,
6
,
109

Briggs, Charles,
68
,
77

Broadway Journal
,
68
–
71
,
72
,
73

Broza, Gil,
110

burial site,
1
,
99
,
104
–
7
.
See also
death

Burton, William,
41
–
43
,
46
–
47

Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine
,
42
–
43
,
46
–
47

bylines.
See
identity

Byron, Lord,
10

Caleb Williams
(Godwin),
49

Captain Kidd,
56
–
57
,
62
–
63
,
112

Carey, Henry,
27

“The Cask of Amontillado” (Poe),
78

cats,
44

ciphers,
45
–
46
,
48
,
56
–
57
,
110

Clarke, Joseph,
8

Clemm, Maria

anthology views of,
101
–
2

caretaking by,
24
,
55
,
80
,
81
,
83

death of,
105

property loss of,
75

Clemm, Virginia.
See
Poe, Virginia Clemm

collected works,
70
,
99
–
100

The Conchologist’s First Book
(Poe),
41
,
43

contests,
24
–
25
,
56

copyright laws,
64

crank literature,
88

crime solving.
See
detective genre

cryptograms,
45
–
46
,
48
,
56
–
57
,
110

Daniel, J. M.,
102