England's Mistress: The Infamous Life of Emma Hamilton (65 page)

^6.
Vigée-Lebrun,
Memoirs,
p. 106.

^7.
Watkins,
Travels,
pp. 401-2; Samuel Sharp,
Letters from Italy
(London, 1767), p. 78; Martyn,
Gentleman's Guide,
p. 282.

^8.
Friedrich Stolberg,
Travels Through Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Sicily
(London, 1796), pp. 124-25.

^9.
Martyn,
Gentleman's Guide,
p. 300.

^10.
Boswell,
Boswell on the Grand Tour,
p. 58.

^11.
Miller,
Letters from Italy,
p. 222.

CHAPTER 22

^1.
Goethe,
Italian Journey,
p. 208.

^2.
Memoirs of the Comtesse de Boigne,
trans. Sylvia de Morsier-Kotthaus (London, 1956), p. 65.

^3.
Sir William never declared he tutored Emma in the Attitudes, although he always claimed the credit for her improved singing voice and polished manners.

^4.
Smith,
Sketch of a Tour,
pp. 119-23.

^5.
Carlo Gastone,
Opere del Cavaliere Carlo Gastone,
ed. and trans F. Machetti (Rome, 1819), pp. 247–48.

^6.
Joseph Thomas d'Espinchal,
Journal d'Emigration,
ed. Ernest D'Hauterie (Paris, 1912), pp. 88-89.

^7.
Sir William to Camarthen, May 19, 1789, PRO FO, 70/4, 122.

^8.
Sir William to Joseph Banks, October 20, 1789, BL Add. MS 34048, f 58.

^9.
Sir William to Camarthen, August 7, 1789, PRO FO 70/4, 144. 10. Ibid., October 27, 1789, PRO FO 70/4/158, 27.

CHAPTER 23

^1.
Sir William to Joseph Banks, April 6, 1790, BL Add. MS 34048, f. 61-62.

^2.
Ibid., April 6, 1790, BL Add. MS 34048, f. 61.

^3.
Town and Country Magazine,
September 1790, p. 483.

CHAPTER 24

^1.
Hamilton,
Letters and Diaries,
p. 308.

^2.
European Magazine,
July 29, 1791. Emma made an expensive painting: he later had to pay £300 for both canvases.

^3.
Sir Thomas Lawrence to Daniel Lysons,
The Life and Correspondence of Sir Thomas Lawrence,
ed. D. E. Lawrence (London, 1831), I:103;
Sir Thomas Lawrence's Letter Bag,
ed. G. S. Layard (London, 1906), p. 29.

^4.
Hamilton,
Letters and Diaries,
p. 316.

^5.
Ibid., p. 309.

^6.
Sir William to the Archbishop of Canterbury, August 22, 1791, BL Add. MS 46491, ff. 129-30.

^7.
William Beckford to Sir William, November 1791, Bodleian Library, Beckford MS, c. 31, f. 120.

^8.
Elizabeth Foster, "Journal," in
Dearest Bess: The Life and Times of Lady Elizabeth Foster,
ed. Dorothy Stuart (London, 1955), p. 59.

^9.
Horace Walpole to Mary Berry, August 17, 1791,
Horace Walpole's Correspondence,
ed. W S. Lewis and A. Dayle Wallace (New Haven, 1944), XL337.

^10.
Sir William to Countess Spencer, August 17, 1795, BL Althorp Papers, Fill. The countess drafted a stern reply, still in the Althorp Collection, but eventually sent only an understanding note.

^11.
John Dickenson to Mary, August 29, 1791, in Hamilton,
Letters and Diaries,
p. 312.

^12.
James Bland Burges, 1791, Fitzwilliam Museum, Percival Bequest, MS.

^13.
Gentleman's Magazine,
September 1791, p. 872.

^14.
New Lady's Magazine,
September 1791.

^15.
The Times,
September 14, 1791.

^16.
Emma to Mary Dickenson, in Hamilton,
Letters and Diaries,
p. 312.

CHAPTER 25

^1.
Sir William to Camarthen, November 5, 1791, PRO FO 70/4, 48.

^2.
Letters of Lord Palmerston, in
Portrait of a Whig Peer,
ed. Brian Connell (London, 1957), p. 250.

^3.
See Emma's description of her meeting with Marie-Antoinette, Houghton Library, MS Eng 196.5, 72.

^4.
Sir William to Camarthen, November 5, 1791, PRO FO 70/4/48.

^5.
Lord James Wright to Earl of Ailesbury (who he hoped would pass on the information to Lord Grenville), January 29, 1792, Wiltshire and Swindon Record Office, 9/35/278.

^6.
Wright to Ailesbury, January 29, 1792, Wiltshire and Swindon Record Office, 9/35/278.

^7.
Sir William to Joseph Banks, March 1792, BL Add. MS 34048, f 66.

^8.
Hamilton,
Letters and Diaries,
p. 320.

^9.
Emma to Romney December 20, 1791, Houghton Library, MS Eng 156.

CHAPTER 26

^1.
Sir William to Camarthen, November 20, 1786, PRO FO 70/3, 306.

^2.
As a scandalous account of the court later claimed, "She [the Queen] machinated hard to push Hamilton out of the King's favour, but she failed, conquered by the love of hunting that kept the two men firmly bonded" (Giuseppe Gorani,
Mémoires
Secrets et Critiques des Cours de Gouvernments et des Moeurs des principaux Etats d'ltalie
[Paris, 1793]), 1:99.

^3.
Sir William to Camarthen, May 29, 1792, PRO FO 70/4, 101, September 22, 1792, and December 11, 1792, PRO FO 70/4, 136 and 155.

^4.
Emma to the Prince of Wales, n.d., Houghton Library, Joseph Husband Collection, letter 72.

^5.
Memoirs of the Comtesse de Boigne,
p. 66.

^6.
Even demure Catherine Hamilton had needed £400 worth of diamonds for one attendance. See BL Egerton MS 2634, f 409.

CHAPTER 27

^1.
Lady's Magazine,
January 1792, p. 330.

^2.
Ibid., October 1792, p. 592.

^3.
The Times,
May 3, 1793.

^4.
Brand to Ailesbury November 20, 1792, Wiltshire and Swindon Record Office, 1300/3846.

^5.
Emma to Countess of Plymouth, n.d., Warwickshire Record Office, CR 1998/ SS/5/7.

^6.
Lady Spencer to Sir William, November 6, 1794, BL Althorp Papers, F111.

^7.
Letters of Lady Palmerston, in
Portrait of a Whig Peer,
ed. Connell, pp. 276-77,208-10.

^8.
Morritt,
Letters and Journeys,
p. 215.

^9.
Maria Carolina to Emma, BL Egerton MS 1615.

CHAPTER 28

^1.
The Sardinian man of war was essentially a false alarm and Nelson soon returned to cruising the Mediterranean.

^2.
Bon Ton Magazine,
June 1794.

^3.
When a young sailor told him that he had been sent to sea at the age of eleven, Nelson remarked wistfully, “Much too young.”

^4.
Syphilis and gonorrhea, two of the most common diseases of the time, usually produced severe insanity in the months before death, and any doctor who recorded madness as a cause of death (and Nisbet's did so) implied that the patient had suffered a venereal disease.

^5.
John Rymer,
A Description of the Island of Nevis
(1775), p. 15.

^6.
Nelson decided Nisbet was “very rich” and rhapsodized that his “income is immense.”

CHAPTER 29

^1.
Sir William to Lord Grenville, November 12, 1793, PRO FO 70/6/277.

^2.
Gorani,
Mémoires Sécrets
(1793), I:23, 35, 60.

^3.
Thomas Brand to the Earl of Ailesbury, November 20, 1792, Wiltshire and Swindon Record Office, 1300/3846.

^4.
Eighteenth-century revolutions needed leaders from the upper or genteel classes, and the doctors, lawyers, bankers, and intellectuals of Naples were disgruntled that the only way that any power could be gained was through accessing Ferdinand by hunting or attending balls, to which they were not invited because they were not noble.

^5.
Lady's Magazine,
April 1796, 185.

^6.
Elizabeth, Lady Holland,
Journal of Lady Holland,
ed. Earl of Ilchester (London, 1909), I:243.

^7.
Morritt,
Letters and Journeys,
p. 215.

CHAPTER 30