Exceptional (35 page)

“self-destruction on his part”:
Address by Roswell L. Gilpatric, Deputy Secretary of Defense, Before the Business Council at the Homestead, Hot Springs, Virginia, Saturday, October 21, 1961,
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB56/BerlinC6.pdf
.

“intend to be defeated”:
Ibid.

“answer was missiles”:
Nikita Khrushchev,
Khrushchev Remembers,
translated and edited by Strobe Talbott (New York: Bantam, 1971), p. 546.

“leads to war”:
President John F. Kennedy, Address to the Nation, Cuban Missile Crisis, October 22, 1962,
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/PDFFiles/John%20F.%20Kennedy%20-%20Cuban%20Missile%20Crisis.pdf
.

“upon the Soviet Union”:
Ibid.

they turned around:
Manchester,
The Glory and the Dream,
loc. 21067.

within six months:
Roberts,
A History of the English-Speaking Peoples Since 1900,
p. 454.

remove the missiles:
Manchester,
The Glory and the Dream,
p. 1189.

advisors in Vietnam:
John F. Kennedy President Library and Museum, “Historical Briefings: JFK, The Cold War and Vietnam,”
http://www.jfklibrary.org/~/media/assets/Education%20and%20Public%20Programs/Education/Lesson%20Plans/Vietnam%20Lesson%20Plan.pdf
.

“unable to win”:
General William Westmoreland,
A Soldier Reports
(New York: Plenum, 1976), p. 142.

“of the American public”:
Henry A. Kissinger,
Years of Renewal
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999), loc. 1640.

“Communist conqueror”:
Ibid., loc. 7868.

“finished as far as America is concerned”:
Remarks by Gerald R. Ford, Tulane University, April 23, 1975,
http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/speeches/750208.asp
.

“in the Middle East”:
Kissinger,
Years of Renewal,
loc. 1727.

“Don't do stupid stuff”:
See, for example, Mark Landler, “Obama Warns U.S. Faces Diffuse Terrorism Threats,”
New York Times,
May 28, 2014.

“we'd made history”:
Interview with Henry Kissinger, CNN
Cold War,
Episode 15, “China.”

“of the United States”:
Associated Press wire story, August 8, 1974.

“to see Solzhenitsyn”:
Memorandum from Dick Cheney to President Ford, July 8, 1975, cited in Stephen F. Hayes,
Cheney: The Untold Story of America's Most Powerful and Controversial Vice President
(New York: HarperCollins, 2007), pp. 92–93.

“manner as possible”:
Kissinger,
Years of Renewal,
loc. 11092.

“unrecognized by contemporaries”:
Ibid., loc. 10788.

“Declaration of Human Rights”:
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, “Final Act,” Helsinki, August 1, 1975,
http://www.osce.org/docs/English/1990-1999/summits/helfa75e.htm
.

“Who can force us?”:
Interview with Anatoly Dobrynin, CNN
Cold War,
Episode 16, “Détente.”

“The Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact”:
Interview with President Gerald Ford, CNN
Cold War,
Episode 16, “Détente.”

“of an official document”:
Gaddis,
The Cold War,
p. 190.

“of the Soviet leadership”:
Ibid.

“Charter 77” manifesto:
Ibid., 191.

“under a Ford administration”:
Gerald R. Ford, “Presidential Campaign Debate,” October 6, 1976, American Presidency Project,
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=6414
.

“communist zone?”:
Ibid.

national security team:
Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, “Nuclear Blockbuster,”
Washington Post,
January 27, 1977, p. A23.

flatly rejected it:
Interview with Anatoly Dobrynin, CNN
Cold War,
Episode 19, “Freeze.”

“deep stab wound”:
Interview with Les Gelb, CNN
Cold War,
Episode 19, “Freeze.”

“because we are free”:
President Jimmy Carter, Commencement Address at University of Notre Dame, May 22, 1977, American Presidency Project,
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=7552
.

from the Soviets:
Roberts,
A History of the English-Speaking Peoples Since 1900,
p. 519.

“on a very clear course”:
“The Neutron Bomb Furor,”
Time,
April 17, 1978.

“foul-up”:
“Costly U.N. ‘Mistake': Carter Angers Both Sides in the Arab-Israeli Contest,”
Evening Independent,
March 6, 1980,
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19800306&id=p2FQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=sVgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6657,1414362&hl=en
.

fifty-two Americans:
“The Iran Hostage Crisis, 31 Years Later—Pictures,”
National Journal,
January 19, 2012,
http://www.nationaljournal.com/pictures-video/the-iran-hostage-crisis-31-years-later-pictures-20120119.

“to do anything”:
Address by Governor Ronald Reagan Accepting the Republican Nomination for the Presidency, July 17, 1980,
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25970
.

“country as pope”:
Gaddis,
The Cold War,
p. 192.

“speaks with my voice”:
John O'Sullivan,
The President, the Pope, and the Prime Minister: Three Who Changed the World
(Washington, DC: Regnery, 2006), p. 93.

“before your own conscience”:
George Weigel,
Witness to Hope: The Biography of Pope John Paul II
(New York: HarperCollins, 1999), pp. 307–9.

“thousand-year-right of citizenship”:
Ibid., p. 306.

“history of Poland”:
Peggy Noonan, “We Want God: When John Paul II Went to Poland, Communism Didn't Have a Prayer,”
Wall Street Journal,
April 7, 2005.

“We want God”:
Ibid.

“people want the Pope”:
Hella Pick, “Party for the People but People for the Pope,”
Manchester Guardian Weekly,
June 17, 1979.

the archbishop's residence:
Weigel,
Witness to Hope,
p. 313.

“Sto lat!”:
Ibid.

the pope sang:
Ibid.

Kraków Commons:
Ibid., p. 318.

“the Holy Spirit”:
Noonan, “We Want God.”

“spiritual freedom”:
Weigel,
Witness to Hope,
p. 319.

Thirteen million Poles:
Ibid., p. 320.

In an interview:
Peggy Noonan, “Make Him a Saint: How Pope John Paul II Worked a Political Miracle,”
Wall Street Journal,
April 28, 2011.

pen bearing John Paul II's picture:
Gaddis,
The Cold War,
p. 218.

“coffin of Communism”:
Ibid., p. 222.

“ash-heap of history”:
President Ronald Reagan, Address to Members of the British Parliament, June 8, 1982,
http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1982/60882a.htm
.

“squandering of our freedom”:
President Ronald Reagan, Remarks at the Annual Convention of the National Association of Evangelicals in Orlando, Florida, March 8, 1983,
http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/30883b.htm
.

“day by day”:
President Ronald Reagan Address to the Nation on Defense and National Security, March 23, 1983,
http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/32383d.htm
.

share the technology:
Ronald Reagan, Speech on the Geneva Summit, November 21, 1985,
http://www.millercenter.org/president/speeches/speech-3924
.

toward significant arms reductions:
Ibid.

were on the table:
Lou Cannon, “Reagan-Gorbachev Summit Talks Collapse as Deadlock on SDI Wipes Out Other Gains,”
Washington Post
, October 13, 1986,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatt/longterm/summit/archive/oct86.htm
.

laboratory testing:
Ibid.

Reagan would not agree:
Ronald Reagan, Address to the Nation on the Meetings with Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev in Iceland, October 13, 1986,
http://www/reagan.uteyas.edu/archives/speeches/1986/101386a.htm
.

“tear down this wall”:
President Ronald Reagan Remarks on East-West Relations at the Brandenburg Gate, West Berlin, June 12, 1987,
http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/061287d.htm
.

Hungarian frontier:
Chris Bowlby, “The Man Who Opened the Iron Curtain,” BBC Radio 4, October 26, 2009,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8323140.stm
.

Gorbachev did not object:
Ibid.

bold red print:
Anna Husarska, “How a Partially Free Election Altered Poland,” January 25, 2010, IIP Digital, U.S. Department of State,
http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/publication/2010/01/20100125173526mlenuhret0.558952.html#axzz3bxO4zmRc
.

“country of their choice”:
Serge Schmemann, “Hungary Allows 7000 East Germans to Emigrate West,”
New York Times
, September 11, 1989,
http://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/11/world/hungary-allows-7000-east-germans-to-emigrate-west.html
.

embassy in Prague:
Serge Schmemann, “East Germans Line Emigré Routes, Some in Hope of Their Own Exit,”
New York Times
, October 5, 1989,
http://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/05/world/east-germans-line-emigre-routes-some-in-hope-of-their-own-exit.html
.

“onwards, immediately”:
Serge Schmemann, “A Fateful Day and the East Tasted Freedom,”
New York Times,
November 9, 2009,
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/09/world/europe/09iht-wall.html?pagewanted=all
.

“in Russia itself”:
Judt,
Postwar,
p. 632.

94.5 million people:
Roberts,
A History of the English-Speaking Peoples Since 1900,
p. 386.

embargo on Iraq:
John-Thor Dahlburg and Jim Mann, “U.S., Soviets Ask World to Cut Off Weapons to Iraq,”
Los Angeles Times,
August 4, 1990.

“Cold War ended”:
James A. Baker, Oral History, Miller Center, University of Virginia, 2011,
http://millercenter.org/president/bush/oralhistory/james-baker-2011
.

world's deadliest weapons:
George J. Tenet, Porter J. Goss, Michael Hayden, John E. McLaughlin, Albert M. Calland, and Stephen R. Kappes, “Ex-CIA Directors: Interrogations Saved Lives,”
Wall Street Journal,
December 10, 2014,
http://www.wsj.com/articles/cia-interrogations-saved-lives-1418142644
.

to procure nuclear weapons:
Ibid.

should conflict occur:
Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney, “Defense Strategy for the 1990s: The Regional Defense Strategy,” January 1993, p. 3,
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb245/doc15.pdf
.

“crisis response capability”:
Ibid., pp. 23–24.

“to resist aggression”:
Ibid.

“but the prosecutors”:
Andrew McCarthy,
Willful Blindness: A Memoir of the Jihad
(New York: Encounter Books, 2008), loc. 79.

“the defendants”:
Ibid., loc. 82.

“had taken place”:
Osama bin Laden, fatwa, August 23, 1996,
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/military-july-dec96-fatwa_1996/
.

seventy-five were wounded:
Michael R. Gordon and Thomas L. Friedman, “Details of U.S. Raid in Somalia: Success So Near, a Loss So Deep,”
New York Times,
October 25, 1993.

Somali militias:
Eric Schmitt, “Study Faults Powell Aides on Somalia,”
New York Times,
October 1, 1995,
http://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/01/world/study-faults-powell-aides-on-somalia.html
.

“keep the numbers down”:
United States Senate Committee on Armed Services, “Review of the Circumstances Surrounding the Ranger Raid on October 3–4, 1993, in Mogadishu, Somalia,” September 29, 1995, p. 29,
https://fas.org/irp/congress/1995_rpt/mogadishu.pdf
.

“imagery on CNN”:
Ibid., p. 31.

presence in Somalia:
Ibid., p. 34.

March 31, 1994:
Remarks by President Bill Clinton on the Situation in Somalia, October 7, 1993,
http://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/08/world/somalia-mission-clinton-s-words-somalia-responsibilities-american-leadership.html
.