Exceptional (43 page)

NATO and,
249
–51

reduction in U.S. forces in,
94

and restoring American power,
249
–51

Russia's role in,
194
,
196
–97,
249

and U.S. as “last best hope of earth,”
258

U.S. role in,
197

See also
European Union; North Atlantic Treaty Organization;
specific person, nation, or topic

European Union (EU),
179
,
191
,
197
,
198
,
203

Evans, Rowland,
76
–77

exceptionalism, American

characteristics of,
2
–6

examples of,
1

Obama's views about,
124
,
126

reasons for,
2

Farouq, S. M.,
172

FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation),
104
,
136
–37

Fermi, Enrico,
34

Flournoy, Michèle,
212

Flynn, Michael,
154
,
155
,
174

Ford, Gerald,
70
,
72
,
73
–74,
75
,
76
,
77

Ford, Robert,
163

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA),
104

Foreign Relations Committee, U.S. Senate,
19
–20,
160
,
183
,
201
,
202
,
217

Fort Bragg: Obama visit to,
145

Fort Hood: attack on,
137

Fox News: Dempsey appearance on,
216

France

and Berlin Airlift,
51

German invasion of,
13

Marshall Plan and,
49

Millay's poem and,
21

as NATO member,
52
–53

NPT and,
172

nuclear weapons of,
172

Obama's visit to,
125
–26

and postwar Germany,
50

Soviet relations with,
52
–53

and World War II,
13
,
16
–17,
21

See also
EU-3

Frank, Anne,
29
–30

Frank, Margot,
30

Frankel, Max,
76

Franklin, Benjamin,
4

Gates, Robert,
112
,
140
,
148
,
149
,
150
,
208
–9,
210
,
211
,
233
–34

Gelb, Les,
77

Georgia: Russian invasion of,
197

German Young Pioneers,
50

Germany

allied zones in postwar,
50
–51,
87

declaration of war against U.S. by,
21

demands for reform in,
87

expansion of Nazi,
11
–12,
13

and Munich Agreement,
11
,
193
–94

as NATO member,
52

refugees from,
86
–87

reunification of East and West,
87

size of Nazi military in,
15

Stalin-Marshall meeting about postwar,
43
–44

Stalin's pact with,
25

U.S. forces in,
52

See also
Berlin, Germany; Berlin Wall; EU–3; World War II;
specific person

Gierek, Edward,
80

Gilpatric, Roswell,
65
–66

global climate change,
237

Gorbachev, Mikhail,
84
–86,
87
–88,
92
,
193
,
200
,
201
–2,
218

Gordon, Michael,
145

Graham, Lindsey,
151

Great Britain

aid to Turkey and Greece by,
46

Berlin Airlift and,
51

at Dunkirk,
16
–17

Hitler's attack on,
17

Marshall Plan and,
49

and Millay's poem,
21

as NATO member,
52

in Palestine,
53

and postwar Germany,
50

role in world leadership of,
39
–40

and security of Europe in post–World War II years,
51
–52

U.S. aid for,
10
,
17
–20,
226
–27

and World War II,
9
,
10
,
11
,
16
–20,
21
,
25
,
30
,
38
–40,
226
–27

See also
EU–3; United Kingdom;
specific person

Greece,
46
–48,
52

Greenert, Jonathan,
211

Gromyko, Andrei,
74
–75

Groves, Leslie R.,
34

Guantánamo prison (Cuba),
106
–7,
125
,
128
,
131
,
134
,
241

The Gulag Archipelago
(Solzhenitsyn),
73

Gulf War (1991),
91
–93,
219
,
254

See also
Operation Desert Storm

hackers,
223
.
See also
cyber issues

Hadley, Steve,
251

Halabja, Iraq: chemical weapons attack on,
113

Hamas,
173
,
178

Hamilton, Alexander,
4

Hamzi, Newaf al,
105

Haqqani Network,
151

Harvard University: Marshall's speech at,
48
–49

Hashemi, Tariq al-,
142
–43,
162

Havel, Vaclav,
76
,
88

Hayden, Michael,
103
,
104
–5,
106
,
131
–32,
224
,
235
,
240

Hayes, Stephen F.,
99
,
155

Helprin, Mark,
238

Helsinki Accords,
72
,
74
–76

Henderson, Loy,
46

Hezbollah,
173
,
178
,
191

Higgins, Henry,
28

High-Value Detainee Interrogation Group (HIG),
136
–37

Hill, Chris,
141
–42

Hirohito (Japanese emperor),
36

Hiroshima, Japan: bombing of,
5
,
34
,
35
,
36
,
129

history: importance of safeguarding American,
4
–6

Hitler, Adolf,
10
,
11
–12.
See also
World War II

Ho Chi Minh,
54

Hoar, Joseph,
97

Holder, Eric,
134

Holland.
See
Netherlands

Holocaust,
5

Hopkins, Harry,
15

House of Representatives, U.S.: and Iraq War,
109
–10

human rights,
72
–73,
74
–76,
164
,
231
,
248

The Hundred-Year Marathon (Pillsbury),
224

Hungary,
53
,
68
,
86
–87

Hussein, Saddam

Bush (George H. W.) letter to,
219

capture of,
116

and Iraq War,
109
–13

Kuwait invasion by,
91
–93

nuclear program of,
254

and September 11,
109

as threat to other nations,
93

See also
Iran/Iraq War

hydrogen bombs,
56
,
57
,
242
.
See also
nuclear weapons

hypersonic weapons, Chinese,
236
,
247
,
248

IAEA.
See
International Atomic Energy Agency

Iceland.
See
Reykjavik, Iceland

Inchon, landing at,
55

Indochina,
54
,
70

Indonesia,
124

industrial mobilization: in World War II,
9
–11,
14
,
15
,
18
,
28

INF.
See
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty

infrastructure, U.S.: as terrorist targets,
236
,
247

Institute for the Study of War,
152

intelligence

Cheney's comments about,
101

and defense spending,
235

importance of,
101

about Iraq,
113
–16

and restoring American power,
235
,
236
,
253
–54,
255

Snowden and,
199

strengthening of U.S.,
103
–6,
118

technology and,
235
,
236

Intelligence Committee, U.S. House,
105

Intelligence Committee, U.S. Senate,
105

Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty,
85
,
201
–2,
204
,
218
–19,
251
,
253

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA),
113
,
172
,
174
,
175
,
176
,
187
,
189
,
253

International Security Assistance Force,
148

interrogation methods, enhanced

American values and,
131
–35

Cheney's views about,
133
–35

effectiveness of,
109

and ending wars,
131
–35

HIG and,
136
–37

and killing of bin Laden,
153

Obama and,
109
,
125
,
128
,
131
–35,
137

and restoring American power,
241

and terrorism,
107
–9,
118

Iran

Afghanistan and,
173
–74,
245

and American leadership and supremacy,
2

and appeasement,
3
,
180
–94,
204
–5

Bush (George W.) and,
177
,
179

China and,
179
,
182
,
224

Clinton (Bill) and,
180

coup of 1953 in,
180

and ending wars,
131
,
140
,
142

establishment of Islamic Republic of,
173

EU-3 negotiations with,
174
,
175
,
176
,
177

EU and,
179
,
191

financial system in,
173
,
176
–79,
182
,
183
,
184
,
190
,
192
,
245

Iraq and,
111
,
115
,
140
,
142
,
173
,
174
,
175
,
186
,
240
,
245

Israel and,
191
,
244
,
245

Khomeini takeover of,
78
–79

and Lebanon,
174
,
245

Middle East influence of,
174
,
186
,
187
,
191
,
193
,
204
,
212
,
241
–42,
245
–46

missiles and,
126
,
174
,
187
,
189
–90,
194
,
224
,
241
,
243
,
244
–45

moral differences between U.S. and,
193

NATO and,
189

Obama and,
3
,
126
,
140
,
142
,
173
,
175
,
179
,
181
–94,
204
,
241
–42,
243
–46

oil industry in,
184
,
190

presidential elections in,
182

protests in,
182

and restoring American power,
233
,
238
,
239
,
240
,
241
–42,
243
–46,
254

Russia/Soviet Union and,
180
,
182
,
183
,
204

sanctions on,
173
,
176
,
177
,
179
,
183
–84,
185
,
189
,
190
–91,
192
,
193
,
194
,
241
,
243
,
244
,
245

as state sponsor of terrorism,
126
,
168
,
173
,
179
,
181
,
187
,
190
,
192
–93,
194
,
238
,
239
,
241
–42,
244
,
245
–46

and Syria,
174
,
186
,
191
,
242
,
245

taking of American embassy and hostages by,
78
,
79
,
173
,
176
,
180
,
181

UN and,
176
,
177
,
183
,
184
,
185
,
187
,
189
,
194

U.S. apology to,
180

U.S. attempts at engagement with,
179
–86