Going Dutch: How England Plundered Holland's Glory (60 page)

73
Cit. A.R. Hall, ‘Two unpublished lectures of Robert Hooke’,
Isis
42 (1951), 220.

74
Ibid.

75
Ibid., p.222.

76
Ibid., p.224.

77
Ibid., p.220.

78
For Newton’s detailed marginal annotations in his copy of
Micrographia
, see G. Keynes,
A Bibliography of Robert Hooke
(Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1966), pp.97–108.

79
Jardine,
Curious Life of Robert Hooke
,
Chapter 8
.

80
See Andriesse,
Huygens
, pp.203–13.

81
Cit. ibid., p.210.

82
This account is based on R.S. Wilkinson, ‘John Winthrop, Jr., and America’s first telescopes’,
New England Quarterly
35 (1962), 520–3, and J.W. Streeter, ‘John Winthrop, Junior, and the fifth satellite of Jupiter’,
Isis
39 (1948), 159–63.

83
See below,
Chapter 12
.

84
Cit. Streeter, ‘John Winthrop’, p.161.

12: Anglo–Dutch Influence Abroad

1
T. Sprat,
The history of the Royal-Society of London for the improving of natural knowledge
(London, 1667), pp.88–9.

2
On the early history of New Netherland see J. Jacobs,
New Netherland: A Dutch Colony in Seventeenth-Century America
(Leiden: Brill, 2005), and J. Venema,
Beverwijck: A Dutch Village on the American Frontier, 1652–1664
(Albany and Hilversum: State of New York University Press and Verloren, 2003). For a thoroughly readable general book see R. Shorto,
The Island at the Centre of the World: The Untold Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Founding of New York
(New York: Doubleday, 2004).

3
Jacobs,
New Netherland
, p.475.

4
Cit. Shorto,
The Island at the Centre of the World
, pp.63–4.

5
Jacobs,
New Netherland
, p.373.

6
Ibid., p.93.

7
Ibid., p.143.

8
For a full account see ibid., passim.

9
Captain Robert Holmes his Journalls of Two Voyages into Guynea in his M[ajestie]’s Ships the Henrietta and the Jersey
, Pepys Library Sea MSS. No. 2698, p.168.

10
J.D. Davies, ‘Holmes, Sir Robert (c.1622–1692)’,
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com.catalogue.ulrls. lon.ac.uk:80/view/article/13600, accessed 4 June 2007]. On the canard that it was Holmes who actually attacked and took New Amsterdam see C.H. Wilson, ‘Who captured New Amsterdam?’,
English Historical Review
72 (1957), 469–74.

11
Cit. J. Scott, ‘“Good night Amsterdam”: Sir George Downing and Anglo–Dutch state-building’,
English Historical Review
118 (2003), 334–56; 346.

12
Ibid., pp.346–7.

13
Shorto,
Island at the Centre of the World
, p.330.

14
M. Kurlansky,
The Big Oyster: New York in the World, A Molluscular History
(London: Jonathan Cape, 2006), p.37.

15
Antonivaz, 9 May 1642. Worp, letter 2996.

16
See C. Lesger,
The Rise of the Amsterdam Market and Information Exchange: Merchants, Commercial Expansion and Change in the Spatial Economy of the Low Countries, c. 1550–1630
(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006).

17
T. Sprat,
The history of the Royal-Society of London for the improving of natural knowledge
(London, 1667), p.401.

18
Cit. M. ‘T Hart, ‘Cities and statemaking in the Dutch Republic, 1580–1680’,
Theory and Society
18 (1989), 663–87; 663.

19
Cit. ibid., p.674.

20
Cit. ibid., p.679.

21
Lesger,
Rise of the Amsterdam Market
, p.224.

22
H.J. Cook,
Matters of Exchange: Commerce, Medicine, and Science in the Dutch Golden Age
(New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2007). See also H. J. Cook, ‘Time’s bodies: crafting the preparation and preservation of naturalia’, in P.H. Smith and P. Findlen (eds),
Merchants and Marvels: Commerce, Science and Art in Early Modern Europe
(London: Routledge, 2002), pp.223–47, and ‘The cutting edge of a revolution? Medicine and natural history near the shores of the North Sea’, in J.V. Field and F.A.J.L. James (eds),
Renaissance and Revolution: Humanists, Scholars, Craftsmen and Natural Philosophers in Early Modern Europe
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp.45–61.

23
L. Neal, ‘Venture shares in the Dutch East India Company’, draft paper, ‘prepared for the Yale School of Management Conference of Interest and Enterprise: Essays in Financial Innovation March 6 & 7, 2003, Yale University’ (consulted online).

24
This account of the VOC and its economic significance is based on J. de Vries and A. van der Woude,
The First Modern Economy: Success, Failure and Perseverance of the Dutch Economy, 1500–1815
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), pp.382–96 and 457–64.

25
Ibid., p.385.

26
W. Temple,
Miscellanea…by a person of honour
(London: E. Gellibrand, 1680), pp.204–5.

27
Ibid., pp.214–15.

28
See H.J. Cook,
Matters of Exchange: Commerce, Medicine and Science in the Dutch Golden Age
(New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2007), pp.349–77.

29
Cit. ibid., p.371.

30
Wilhelmi ten Rhyne M.D. &c.,
Transisalano-Daventriensis Dissertatio de arthritide: Mantissa schematica: De acupunctura: et Orationes tres, I. De chymiæ ac botaniæ antiquitate & dignitate. II. De physiognomia: III. De monstris. Singula ipsius authoris notis illustrata
(London, 1683). For more on this treatise see R.W. Carrubba and J.Z. Bowers, ‘The western world’s first detailed treatise on acupuncture: Willem Ten Rhijne’s De Acupunctura’,
Journal of the History of Medicine
29 (1974), 371–98.

31
For the Anglo–Dutch context for this discussion of George Downing’s attitude to Dutch Republican fiscal policies, see Jonathan Scott,
England’s Troubles: Seventeenth Century English Political Instability in European Context
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), and Scott, ‘What the Dutch Taught Us: The Late Emergence of the Modern British State’,
Times Literary Supplement
(16 March 2001), pp.4–6.

32
See Jonathan Scott, ‘Downing, Sir George, first baronet (1623–1684)’,
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com. catalogue. ulrls.lon.ac.uk:80/view/article/7981, accessed 10 June 2007]

33
Cit. Scott, ‘“Good night Amsterdam”’, p.344.

34
The account that follows of Downing’s important role in shaping English fiscal policy after the Restoration is based on ibid., pp.334–56.

35
Ibid., p.354.

Conclusion: Going Dutch

1
William returned to The Hague in late February 1671.

2
William was made Captain General (overall military commander) by the States General in 1671, and Stadholder in 1672, following the murder of the de Witt brothers and the fall of the Republic.

3
W. Troost,
William III, the Stadholder-King: A Political Biography
, trans. J.C. Grayson (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), pp.63–4.

4
PRO, LC5/2, pp.29–31. I am extremely grateful to Dr Anna Keay of English Heritage for passing this reference to me.

5
Troost,
William III, the Stadholder-King
, pp.62–3.

6
Worp, letter 6778.

7
Worp, letter 7077.

8
De Gedichten van Constantijn Huygens online, University of Leiden website: http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/Dutch/Huygens/index.html.

9
See Wren family,
Parentalia
, p.323.

10
CLRO, RCA 82, fol. 268v.

11
J.E. Moore, ‘The Monument, or, Christopher Wren’s Roman accent’,
Art Bulletin
80 (1998), 498–533.

12
An Act of Parliament of 1667 contained the instruction that: ‘The better to preserve the memory of this dreadful visitation; Be it further enacted that a Columne or Pillar of Brase or Stone be erected on or as neare unto the place where the said Fire so unhappily began as Conveniently as may be, in perpetuall Remembrance thereof, with such Inscription thereon, as hereafter by the Mayor and Court of Aldermen in that behalfe be directed.’ Work excavating the foundations was completed in November 1671, and construction must have commenced shortly thereafter.