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Authors: Mary Roach

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This time around, I took a cue from the world of charitable giving. The categories below reflect the many levels of generosity and support that have made this book possible. If
Gulp
is interesting and fun, if it’s accurate, enlightening, or compelling, that is due in overwhelming proportion to the contributions of these excellent human beings.

PLATINUM UVULA CIRCLE

For giving up entire afternoons with no compensation and no guarantee of pleasing portrayal, for walking me through archives, for twisting arms, opening doors, laying out welcome mats, I bow down to:

Andrea Bainbridge, American Medical Association Historical Health Fraud and Alternative Medicine Collection

Ed dePeters, University of California, Davis

Anna Dhody and Evi Numen, Mütter Museum

Michael Jones, Virginia Commonwealth University

Alexander Khoruts, Matt Hamilton, and Mike Sadowsky, University of Minnesota

Alan Kligerman, Kligerman Regional Digestive Disease Center

Sue Langstaff, Applied Sensory

Michael Levitt and Julie Furne, Minneapolis VA Medical Center

George “Nick” Nichopoulos, personal physician to the late Elvis Presley

Megan and Rick Prelinger, Prelinger Library

Nancy Rawson, Pat Moeller, Amy McCarthy, and Theresa Kleinsorge, AFB International

“Rodriguez,” Gene Parks, Ed Borla, and Paul Verke, Avenal State Prison and the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation

Stephen Secor, University of Alabama

Erika Silletti, René de Wijk, Andries van der Bilt, and Ton van Vliet, Food Valley, the Netherlands

Richard Tracy, Lee Lemenager, and John Gray, University of Nevada, Reno

GOLDEN PYLORUS GUILD

For enduring repeated phone calls and protracted e-mail pestering with no outward indication that the author had overstepped the bounds of casual inquiry and was perched on the brink of actionable nuisance, I salute:

Jianshe Chen

Phillip Clapham

Justin Crump

Evangelia Bellas

Thomas Lowry

David Metz

Jason Mihalopoulos

Gabriel Nirlungayuk

Adrianne Noe

Tom Rastrelli

Danielle Reed

Paul Rozin

Terrie Williams

Sera Young

BRONZE BOLUS CLUB

For providing indispensable expertise on arcane topics, for sharing contacts, for inspiring and encouraging me and making me laugh, I thank:

Jaime Aranda-Michel

Dean Backer

Daniel Blackburn

Rabbi Zushe Blech

Laurie Bonneau

Andrea Chevalier

Patty Davis

Siobhan DeLancy

Erik “the Red” Denmark

Adam Drewnowski

Ben Eiseman

Holly Embree

Father Geoff Farrow

Richard Faulks

Steve Geiger

Roy Goodman

Farid Haddad

Susan Hogan

Al Hom

Tim Howard

Bruce Jayne

Mark Johnson

Mary Juno

Jason Karlawish

Ron Kean

Diane Kelly

Bruce Kraig

Christopher Lahr

Jennifer Long

Johan Lündstrom

Ray and Robert Madoff

The Notto

Kenneth Olson

Jon Prinz

Sarah Pullen

Gregor Reid

Janet Riley

Michael Sappol

Adam Savage

Markus Stieger

Jim Turner

Paul Wagner

Brian Wansink

Judge Colleen Weiland

William Whitehead

SUSTAINING

For standing by me all these years and all these books, for their warmth, talent, patience, and friendship, a pixel and paper embrace to:

Jill Bialosky, Erin Lovett and Louise Brockett, Bill Rusin and Jeannie Luciano, and Stephen King and Drake McFeely of W. W. Norton, plus Mary Babcock, eagle-eyed copyeditor extraordinaire

Stephanie Gold

Jeff Greenwald

Jay Mandel and Lauren Whitney, of William Morris Endeavor

Lisa Margonelli

Anne Pigué

Ed and the rest of the wonderful Rachles family

Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

Waslien, Carol, Doris Howes Calloway, and Sheldon Margen. “Human Intolerance to Bacteria as Food.”
Nature
221: 84–85 (January 4, 1969.)

1

NOSE JOB

Drake, M. A., and G. V. Civille. “Flavor Lexicons.”
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
2: 33–40 (2003).

Hodgson, Robert T. “An Analysis of the Concordance among 13 U.S. Wine Competitions.”
Journal of Wine Economics
4 (1): 1–9 (Spring 2009).

Hui, Y. H.
Handbook of Fruit and Vegetable Flavors.
Hoboken: Wiley, 2010.

Mainland, Joel, and Noam Sobel. “The Sniff Is Part of the Olfactory Percept.”
Chemical Senses
31: 181–196 (2006).

Morrot, Gil, Frederic Brochet, and Denis Dubourdieu. “The Color of Odors.”
Brain and Language
79 (2): 309–320 (November 2001).

Mustacich, Suzanne. “Fighting Fake Bordeaux.”
Wine Spectator
, November 8, 2011. www.winespectator.com/webfeature/show/id/45968.

Pickering, G. J. “Optimizing the Sensory Characteristics and Acceptance of Canned Cat Food: Use of a Human Taste Panel.”
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
93 (1): 52–60 (February 2009).

Smith, Philip W., Owen W. Parks, and Daniel P. Schwartz. “Characterization of Male Goat Odors: 6-Trans Nonenal.”
Journal of Dairy Science
67 (4): 794–801 (April 1984).

2

I’LL HAVE THE PUTRESCINE

Association of American Feed Control Officials.
Feed Ingredient Definitions,
Official Publication, 1992.

McCarrison, Robert. “A Good Diet and a Bad One: An Experimental Contrast.”
British Medical Journal
2 (3433): 730–732 (October 23, 1926).

Phillips, Tim. “Learn from the Past.”
Petfood Industry
(October 2007). Pp. 14–17.

Wentworth, Kenneth L. “The Effect of a Native Mexican Diet on Learning and Reasoning in White Rats.”
Journal of Comparative Psychology
22 (2): 255–267 (October 1936).

3

LIVER AND OPINIONS

Apicius
. Book VIII:
Tetrapus (Quadrupeds)
.

Blake, Anthony A. “Flavour Perception and the Learning of Food Preferences.” In
Flavor Perception
, edited by A. J. Taylor and D. D. Roberts. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004.

Blech, Zushe Yosef. “Like Mountains Hanging by a Hair.” Kashrut.com. http://www.kashrut.com/articles/L_cysteine/ (accessed September 2012).

Bull, Sleeter.
Meat for the Table
. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1951.

Casteen, Marie L. “Ten Popular Specialty Meat Recipes.”
Hotel Management
, August 1944. Pp. 26–28.

Cline, Jessie Alice. “The Variety Meats.”
Practical Home Economics
21: 57–58 (February 1943).

Davis, Clara. “Results of the Self-Selection of Diets by Young Children.”
Canadian Medical Association Journal
41 (3): 257–261 (September 1939).

Feeney, Robert E.
Polar Journeys: The Role of Food and Nutrition in Early Exploration.
Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press, 1997.

Guthe, Carl E., and Margaret Mead. “Manual for the Study of Food Habits: Report of the Committee on Food Habits.”
Bulletin of the National Research Council
, No. 111 (1943.)

———. “The Problem of Changing Food Habits: Report of the Committee on Food Habits.”
Bulletin of the National Research Council,
No. 108 (1943).

“Jackrabbit Should Be Used To Ease Meat Shortage.”
Science News Letter
, July 24, 1943.

Kizlatis, Lilia, Carol Deibel, and A. J. Siedler. “Nutrient Content of Variety Meats.”
Food Technology
, January 1964.

Kuhnlein, Harriet V., and Rula Soueida. “Use and Nutrient Composition of Traditional Baffin Inuit Foods.”
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
5: 112–126 (1992).

Mead, Margaret. “Reaching the Last Woman down the Road.”
Journal of Home Economics
34: 710–713 (1942).

Mennella, J. A., and G. K. Beauchamp. “Maternal Diet Alters the Sensory Qualities of Human Milk and the Nursling’s Behavior.”
Pediatrics
88 (4): 737–744 (1991).

Mennella, J. A., A. Johnson, and G. K. Beauchamp. “Garlic Ingestion by Pregnant Women Alters the Odor of Amniotic Fluid.”
Chemical Senses
20 (2): 207–209 (1995).

Rozin, Paul, et al. “Individual Differences in Disgust Sensitivity: Comparisons and Evaluations of Paper-and-Pencil versus Behavioral Measures.”
Journal of Research in Personality
33: 330–351 (1999).

———. “The Child’s Conception of Food: Differentiation of Categories of Rejected Substances in the 16 Months to 5 Year Age Range.
Appetite
7: 141–151 (1986).

Wansink, Brian. “Changing Eating Habits on the Home Front: Lost Lessons from World War II Research.”
Journal of Public Policy and Marketing
21 (1): 90–99 (Spring 2002).

Wansink, Brian, Steven T. Sonka, and Matthew M. Cheney. “A Cultural Hedonic Framework for Increasing the Consumption of Unfamiliar Foods: Soy Acceptance in Russia and Colombia.”
Review of Agricultural Economics
24 (2): 353–365 (September 23, 2002).

War Food Administration.
Food Conservation Education in the Elementary School Program
(pamphlet). Washington, D.C.: USDA, 1944.

4

THE LONGEST MEAL

Barnett, L. Margaret. “Fletcherism: The Chew-Chew Fad of the Edwardian Era.” In
Nutrition in Britain: Science, Scientists and Politics in the Twentieth Century
, edited by David Smith. London: Routledge, 1997.

———. “The Impact of ‘Fletcherism’ on the Food Policies of Herbert Hoover during World War I.”
Bulletin of the History of Medicine
66: 234–259 (June 1992).

Chittenden, Russell H. “The Nutrition of the Body: A Study in Economical Feeding.”
Popular Science Monthly,
June 1903.

Dawson, Percy M.
A Biography of François Magendie
. Brooklyn: Albert T. Huntington, 1908.

“Eating Guano.”
California Farmer and Journal of Useful Sciences
11 (22) (July 1, 1859).

Fletcher, Horace.
The New Glutton or Epicure.
New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1917.

Levine, Allen S., and Stephen E. Silvis. “Absorption of Whole Peanuts, Peanut Oil, and Peanut Butter.”
New England Journal of Medicine
303 (16): 917–918 (October 16, 1980).

5

HARD TO STOMACH

Beaumont, William.
Experiments and Observations on the Gastric Juice, and the Physiology of Digestion.
Edinburgh: Maclachlan and Stewart, 1838.

Green, Alexa. “Working Ethics: William Beaumont, Alexis St. Martin, and Medical Research in Antebellum America.”
Bulletin of the History of Medicine
84 (2): 193–216 (Summer 2010).

Janowitz, Henry D. “Newly Discovered Letters concerning William Beaumont, Alexis St. Martin, and the American Fur Company.”
Bulletin of the History of Medicine
22 (6): 823–832 (November/December 2008).

Karlawish, Jason.
Open Wound: The Tragic Obsession of Dr. William Beaumont.
Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2011.

Leblond, Sylvio. “The Life and Times of Alexis St. Martin.”
Canada Medical Association Journal
88: 1205–1211 (June 15, 1963).

Myer, Jesse S.
Life and Letters of Dr. William Beaumont.
St. Louis: C. V. Mosby, 1912.

Roland, Charles G. “Alexis St. Martin and His Relationship with William Beaumont.”
Annals of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
21 (1): 15–20 (January 1988).

6

SPIT GETS A POLISH

“Breastfeeding Fatwa Sheikh Back at Egypt’s Azhar.”
Al Arabiya News
, May 18, 2009. http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2009/05/18/73140.html.

Broder, J., et al. “Low Risk of Infection in Selected Human Bites Treated without Antibiotics.”
American Journal of Emergency Medicine
22 (1): 10–13 (January 2004).

Bull, J. J., Tim S. Jessup, and Marvin Whiteley. “Deathly Drool: Evolutionary and Ecological Basis of Septic Bacteria in Komodo Dragon Mouths.” PloS One 5 (6): e11097 (June 21, 2010).

Chowdharay-Best, G. “Notes on the Healing Properties of Saliva.”
Folklore
75: 195–200 (1975).

Eastmond, C. J. “A Case of Acute Mercury Poisoning.”
Postgraduate Medical Journal
51: 428–430 (June 1975).

Fry, Brian, et al. “A Central Role for Venom in Predation by
Varanus komodoensis
(Komodo Dragon) and the Extinct Giant
Varanus (Megalania) priscus
.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
106 (22): 8969–8974 (June 2, 2009).

Harper, Edward B. “Ritual Pollution as an Integrator of Caste and Religion.”
Journal of East Asian Studies
23: 151–197 (1964).

Hendley, J. Owen, Richard P. Wenzel, and Jack M. Gwaltney Jr. “Transmission of Rhinovirus Colds by Self-Inoculation.”
New England Journal of Medicine
288 (26): 1361–1364 (June 28, 1973).

Humphrey, Sue, and Russell T. Williamson. “A Review of Saliva: Normal Composition, Flow, and Function.”
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
85 (2): 162–169 (February 2001).

Hutson, J. M., et al. “Effect of Salivary Glands on Wound Contraction in Mice.”
Nature
279: 793–795 (June 28, 1979).

BOOK: Gulp: Adventures on the Alimentary Canal
11.63Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
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