Henry (34 page)

18. The ‘Beaufort Hours’, 278, gives the date as ‘ix. kl Mar … 1498’, that is, 21 February 1499. The date is confirmed by the fact that the Canterbury font was sent for on 20 January 1499 (S. Bentley, ed.,
Excerpta Historica
(1831), 120. TNA: E 101/83, warrants dated 20 December 1499 and 26 July 1500).

19.
CPR Henry VII
II (1494–1509), 46, 345;
LP I
i, 82 (p. 38); I i, 132/39, 1221/18.

20. See below, p. 331–2.

1. A. F. Pollard, ed.,
The Reign of Henry VII from Contemporary
Sources
, 3 vols (1913) I, 185.

2.
CPR Henry VII
I (1485–94), 214, 423; II (1494–1509), 26; GEC I, 249; I. Arthurson,
The Perkin Warbeck Conspiracy
(Stroud, 1994), 197;
Oxford
DNB
, ‘Poynings’.

3. J. Gairdner,
History of Richard III
(1878), 282–3.

4.
LP Hen. VII
II, 388–9.

5. GEC III, 257–61.

6. GEC XII ii, 911; Schofield,
Edward
IV II, 94.

7. Condon, ‘Itinerary’.

8. TNA: E 404/81/4 (2 October 1494).

9. J. Gairdner, ed.,
The Paston Letters
, 6 vols (1904) VI, 151–2.

10.
LP Hen. VII
II, 389; Condon, ‘Itinerary’.

11.
Great Chronicle
, 254.

12. J. Anstis, ed.,
The Register of the Most Noble Order of the Garter
, 2 vols (1724) I, 236–7.

13.
Gairdner, Paston Letters
VI, 151–2.

14.
LP Hen
.
VII
I, 391–3.

15. Ibid., 394.

16. C. G. Bayne and W. H. Dunham, eds,
Select Cases in the Council
of Henry VII
, Selden Society 75 (1958), 28–9; Gairdner,
Paston
Letters
VI, 151–2.

17. LP Hen. VII I, 389, 394–6.

18. Ibid., 396–8.

19. Ibid., 389, 400–2.

20.
Great Chronicle
, 256; Vergil B, 73–5.

21.
Great Chronicle
, 258.

1.
LP Hen. VII
I, 392;
RP
VI, 470.

2. M. K. Jones and M. G. Underwood,
The King’s Mother
(Cambridge, 1992), 113–14; L. T. Smith, ed.,
The Itinerary of
John Leland
, 5 vols (1906–08) V, 31.

3. K. Mertz,
The English Noble Household
, 1250–1600 (Oxford, 1988), 216–17; TNA: E 404/82 (warrants dated 17 February 1496 and 13 December 1497); E 404/83 (warrant dated 14 December 1498).

4.
CPR Henry VII
II (1494–1509), 126, 39, 243, 303; warrants cited in n. 41 above; W. Nelson,
John Skelton, Laureate
(New York, 1939), 74.

5. BL: Cotton MS Vitellius B XII, fo. 109.

6. Condon, ‘Itinerary’; Bentley,
Excerpta Historica
, 101;
RP
VI, 479, 511–12.

7. GEC IX, 610–20.

8. GEC IX, 619 n. d and e.

9. RP VI, 481.

10.
PPE Elizabeth of York
, 17, 99 and see below.

11. GEC IV, 328–30.

12.
Collectanea
IV, 222;
PPE Elizabeth of York
, 79, 189, index ‘Cotton’.

13. Ibid., 32, 75, 103.

14. Ibid., 77, 79.

15. Ibid., 88.

16. Anstis,
Register
I, 236; II, 41; TNA: E 404/81/4 (warrant dated 12 May 1495).

17. Bentley,
Excerpta Historica
, 103; TNA: E 101/414/8, fo. 34.

18.
Great Chronicle
, 275–6, 443n.

19.
CSP Ven
. I, 754; TNA: PRO 31/14/121. I am most grateful to Dr Adrian Ailes for checking the latter on my behalf.

20. Arthurson,
Perkin Warbeck
, 192.

21. Bentley,
Excerpta Historica
, 114; TNA: E 36/126, fo. 37r. I am most grateful to Dr Sean Cunningham for checking the latter on my behalf. He also agrees that it is inconceivable that ‘the duke of York’ refers to anyone but Henry.

1. Bentley,
Excerpta Historica
, 105.

2. A characteristic specimen is reproduced in J. J. Scarisbrick,
Henry VIII
(1968), illustration 4. The letter, to Wolsey, begins: ‘Because writing to me is somewhat tedious and painful’.

3. For a specimen of Margaret’s hand, see
Queens of Scotland
I, 105. It is as big and bold as Henry’s and most of the letter forms are the same. But the rhythm is different.

4. For Mary’s hand, see W. C. Richardson,
Mary Tudor: the
White Queen
(1970), illustration 23.

5. See below, p. 178.

6. J. O. Halliwell, ed.,
The Most Pleasant Song of the Lady
Bessy
, Percy Society 69 (1847), 10.

7. BL Cotton MS Vespasian F XIII,
reproduced in Queens of
England
II, 396.

8. J. Skelton,
The Complete English Poems,
ed. J. Scattergood (1983), 312–58.

9. Ibid., 347, lines 1226–7.

10. Ibid., 132.

11. Ibid.

12. D. R. Carlson, ‘Royal Tutors in the Reign of Henry VII’,
Sixteenth Century Journal
22 (1991), 253–79, 255–60.

13.
Skelton, Complete English Poems
, 132; Nelson,
Skelton
,
15.

14. M. St Clare Byrne, ed.,
The Letters of King Henry VIII
(1968), 420–1.

15. Nelson,
Skelton
, 239, n. 2, cited in Carlson, ‘Royal Tutors’, 258, n. 11. Arthur first took up residence at Tickenhill Manor, Bewdley in 1499. It was an informal, half-timbered
maison de retraite
, which had been ‘in a manner totally erected by King Henry VII for Prince Arthur’ (Leland,
The Itinerary
II, 87–8).

16. Nelson,
Skelton
, 48–9; Skelton,
Complete English Poems
, 345–7.

17. Skelton,
Complete English Poems
, 347; F. M. Salter, ‘Skelton’s
Speculum Principis
’, in
Speculum
9 (1934), 25–37.

18. Skelton,
Complete English Poems
, 347; Salter, ‘Skelton’s
Speculum Principis
’, 25–37.

19. Salter, op. cit., 29.

20. Cf. Nelson,
Skelton
, 75–6; Carlson, ‘The Latin Writings of John Skelton’, 1–125, 38–42.

21. G. R. Elton, ed.,
The Tudor Constitution
(Cambridge, 1962), 344.

22. W. K. Jordan,
The Chronicle and Political Papers of King
Edward VI
(1966), 3; Sir Thomas Elyot,
The
Boke
of the
Governour
, ed. H. H. S. Croft, 2 vols (1883) I, xx.

23. F. M. Nichols, ed. and trans.,
The Epistles of Erasmus
, 2 vols (1904) II, 201.

24. BL Egerton MS 1651; P. Smith,
Erasmus
(1923), 61–2, 453–7; W. K. Ferguson, ed.,
Erasmi Opuscula
(The Hague, 1933), 25–31.

25. Nelson,
Skelton
, 57, 72.

26.
CWE
I, 104.

27. J. Larson, ‘A Polychromatic Terracotta Bust of a Laughing Child at Windsor Castle’,
Burlington Magazine
131 (1989), 618–24.

28. Reproduced in K. Hearn, ed.,
Dynasties: Painting in Tudor and
Stuart England
, 1530–1630 (1995), no. 1.

29. See for example the account of his behaviour at his reception by the City on 30–31 October 1498 (
Great Chronicle
, 288–9).

1. J. G. Nichols,
The Chronicle of Calais
, CS old series 35 (1846), 3–4, 49–51.

2. W. Busch,
England under the Tudors: I Henry VII
(1895), 363–4, rejects the idea that the visit to Calais was provoked by the sweating sickness on the ground that the disease did not break out till the summer.

3. Busch,
Henry VII
, 167.

4.
Great Chronicle
, 294.

5. TNA: E 1011415/3, fos. 25, 28, 29v.

6.
CSP Sp
. I, 282.

7.
CSP Sp
. I, 280.

8.
CSP Sp
. I, 213.

9. Beaufort Hours, 279.

10. E. F. Rogers, ed.,
Thomas More: Selected Letters
(New Haven and London, 1961), 2–3.

11.
AR
II, 292.

12.
AR
II, 301–2;
Great Chronicle
, 315.

13.
AR
II, 311–12.

1. See above, p. 140.

2.
LP Hen. VII
I, 397, 400–1.

3. Vergil B, 123.

4. GEC XII i, 451–54;
LP Hen. VII
I, 132, mentions ‘the favour he [Guildford] beareth him [Suffolk]’;
CSP Sp
. I, 231, 233.

5.
LP Hen. VII
I, 134, 225–6.

6. GEC XII i, appendix I;
RP
VI, 544–9.

7. Anstis,
Register
I, 244; Gairdner,
Paston Letters
VI, 172–3.
The
Chronicle of Calais
, 6. This says that Dorset and Courtenay were brought to Calais Castle on ‘the xviij. of October the xxiij. [year] of Henry the Seventh’. This is 1507,
not
1508 as the editor renders it. 1507 is also the date given by André (
Memorials
, 100).

8. See above, p. 101;
Catalogue of Ancient Deeds in the Public
Record Office
, 6 vols (1890–1915) V, no. A. 13484; Pollard,
Reign of Henry VII
I, 219.

9. Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury,
The Life and Raigne of
King Henry the Eighth
(1649), 2.

10. P. Sarpi,
The Historie of the
Councel
of Trent
, trans. Nathanael Brent (1620), 16.

11. C. A. J. Armstrong, ‘An Italian Astrologer at the Court of Henry VII’ in E. F. Jacob, ed.,
Italian Renaissance Studies
(1960), 433–54, 434–5.

12. Ibid., 451–3.

13. Ibid., 437–42.

14.
OxfordDNB
, ‘Deane’.

1. Bentley,
Excerpta Historica
, 126.

2.
Collectanea
IV, 258.

3. Busch,
Henry
VII, 141–5.

4. BL: Cotton MS Vitellius B XII, fo. 109.
LP
IV iii, 5774/5ii, 13.

5.
Collectanea
IV, 374.

6.
CPR Henry VII
II (1494–1509), 258.
PPE Elizabeth of York
, 14, 77–8, 104.

7. C. Wriothesley,
A Chronicle of England
, ed. W. D. Hamilton, 2 vols CS New Series 11 and 20 (1875 and 1877) I, 31.

8.
PPE Elizabeth of York
, 82–3, 85, 90–1.

9. Armstrong, ‘Italian Astrologer’, 451–3.

10.
PPE Elizabeth of York
, 95;
Materials
II, 65, 84; BL Add. MS 4617, fo. 186, citing French Roll, 6 Henry VII;
CPR Henry
VII
II (1494–1509), 354;
Great Chronicle
, 321.

11.
PPE Elizabeth of York
, 94.

12. Ibid., 96–7.

13. Bentley,
Excerpta Historica
, 130;
Great Chronicle
, 321.

14. Job 19:21;
AR
IV, 662.

15. Byrne,
Letters of King Henry VIII
, 4.

16.
PPE Elizabeth of York
, 52. R. S. Sylvester, ed.,
The History of
King Richard III and Selections from the English and Latin Poems
(1963), 119–23; J. B. Trapp and H. S. Herbrüggen, ‘
The King’s
Good Servant
’: S
ir Thomas More
(1977), no. 19; F. B. Tromly, ‘“A Rueful Lamentation” of Elizabeth: Thomas More’s transformation of didactic lament’, in
Moreana
14, no. 53, 45–56.

1.
CPR Henry VII
II, 319, 322, 325, 327, 343; TNA: LC 2/1/1/, fos. 73–4.

2. Carlson, ‘Royal Tutors’, 255–6.

3. Ibid., 267, 270.

4. N. Orme, ‘John Holt (d. 1504), Tudor Schoolmaster and Grammarian’, in
The Library
, 6th s. 18 (1996), 283–305.

5. F. M. Nichols,
The Hall of Lawford Hall
(1891), 216, n. 373. Nichols, occasionally corrected by GEC, gives a full account of William, Lord Mountjoy and his family.

6. Carlson, ‘Royal Tutors’, 272–3.

7. Nichols,
Lawford Hall
, 216, 223.

8. Ibid., 196.

9. See above, pp. 122–23.

10. H. L. R. Edwards,
Skelton
(1949), 131–2 and 310 notes.

11.
OxfordDNB
, ‘Duwes’; John Palsgrave,
L’esclarcissement
de la
langue
francoyse
(1530), ‘The Authours Epistell to the kynges grace’.

12.
OxfordDNB
, ‘Duwes’; S. Anglo, ‘The Court Festivals of Henry VII’, in
Bulletin of the John Rylands Library
43 (1960–61), 12–45, p. 33; TNA: LC 2/1/1/, fo. 73v. A. Ashbee,
Records of English Court Music
, 9 vols (Aldershot, 1986–) VII (1485–1558), 20.

13. Nichols,
Lawford Hall
, 216.

14. Orme, ‘John Holt’, 303.

1.
RP
VI, 520, 522, 532; Anglo, ‘The Court Festivals of Henry VII’, 39.

2.
CPR Henry VII
II (1494–1509), 343.

3.
CSP Sp
. I, 329; Condon, ‘Itinerary’; Bayne and Dunham,
Select Cases
, 37.

4.
CSP Sp
. I, 329–30.

5.
CSP Sp
. I, 206.

6. Vergil B, 145–7.

7.
CSP Sp
. I, 329–30.

8.
Great Chronicle
, 328, 331.

9.
CSP Sp
. I, 295.

10.
Great Chronicle
, 323.

11.
CSP Sp
. I, 330, 333.

12.
CSP Sp
., supplement to vols I & II, 122.

13.
LP Hen. VII
I, 180: my translation.

14.
LP Hen. VII
I, 231–40, dated by D. A. Luckett, ‘Crown Patronage and Political Morality in early Tudor England: The case of Giles, Lord Daubeney’,
EHR
(1995) and Condon, ‘Itinerary’, which establishes the date of the king’s illness at Wanstead (see below).

15.
LP Hen. VII
I, 233.

16. Ibid., 239.

17. Loc. cit.

18. Ibid., 238.

19. Ibid., 233.

1. F. Palgrave,
The Antient Kalendars and Inventories
, 3 vols (1836) III, 393, 398, items 1 and 39; Condon, ‘Itinerary’.