Hitler's Bandit Hunters (68 page)

117
. Adolf von Bomhard,
Das K. B. Infanterie-Leib-Regiment: Nach d. amtl. Kriegstagebüchern bearb. im Auftr. d. ehem. Infanterie-Leib-Regiments
(Munich: Selbstverl., 1921).

118
. Münchener Stadtmuseum,
München-“Hauptstadt der Bewegung”
(Munich: Klinkhardt & Biermann, 1993), 54–5.

119
. Nigel H. Jones,
Hitler’s Heralds: The Story of the Freikorps 1918–1923
(London: Murray, 1987), 138–41. Details of the operation can be found in Friedrich von Oertzen,
Die Deutsche Freikorps 1918–1923
(Berlin: Spaeth & Linde, 1937), 337.

120
. Oertzen,
Die Deutsche
Freikorps, 246. See also Felix L. Carsten,
The Reichswehr and Politics, 1918 to 1933
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966).

121
. Krumbach,
Franz Ritter von Epp
, 60.

1
. Hans Grimm,
Volk ohne Raum
(Munich: Albert Langen, 1926).

2
. Karl Haushofer,
Geopolitik Des Pazifischen Ozeans: Studien Über Die Wechselbeziehungen Zwischen Geographie und Geschichte
(Berlin: Kurt Vowinckel, 1927), 96.

3
. Martin Schmitz, “Schülerzahlen der gewerblichen kaufmännischen Schulen von 1923 bis 1933,” Diplom. essay, RWTH-Aachen, 2001.

4
. H. W. Bauer,
Kolonien im Dritten Reich
(Köln: Gauverlag, 1936).

5
. Hayes et al. (eds.),
Namibia under South African Rule
, 97.

6
. Fraenkel,
Military Occupation and the Rule of Law
.

7
. Henry T. Allen,
My Rhineland Journal
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1923), 405.

8
. Walter Warlimont,
Inside Hitler’s Headquarters 1939–45
(Navato: Presidio Press, 1964); and Craig,
The Politics of the Prussian Army
.

9
. Detlev Peukert, trans. Richard Deveson,
The Weimar Republic: The Crisis of Classical Modernity
(London: Penguin, 1991).

10
. Thomas G. Mahnken,
Uncovering Ways of War: U.S. Intelligence and Foreign Military Innovation
(Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2002), 89.

11
. NARA, IRR319, German Army, vol. 1, 01-FIR/25, The German General Staff 1804 to 1934, Walter Warlimont, December 28, 1945.

12
. Ibid.

13
. Hermann Geyer, “Kriegserfahrungen und Cannae im Weltkriege,”
Militär-wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen
, Heft, August 5, 1924, 24.

14
. NARA, T78/368/6330495–706, Oberleutnant von Ziehlberg, Berlin, May 1, 1930.

15
. Bruno Ernst Buchrucker,
Im Schatten Seeckt’s; die Geschichte der “Schwarzen Reichswehr”
(Berlin: Kampf, 1928); Craig,
The Politics of the Prussian Army
, 402–4; Jones,
Hitler’s Heralds
, 227–30; and BZ-IMT, December 17, 1945.

16
. The following were instructive: Alf Lüdtke,
Police and State in Prussia, 1815— 1850
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982); Frank Thomason, “Uniformed Police in the City of Berlin under the Empire,” in Emilio C. Viano and Jeffrey H. Reiman (eds.),
The Police in Society
(Lexington, Mass: D.C. Heath, 1975); Jürgen Thomaneck, “Police and Public Order in the Federal Republic of Germany,” in John Roach and Jürgen Thomaneck (eds.),
Police and Public Order in Europe
(London: Croom Helm, 1985); Herbert Reinke, “‘Armed as if for a War’: The State, the Military and Professionalization of the Prussian Police in Imperial Germany,” in Clive Emsley and Barbara Weinberger (eds.),
Policing Western Europe: Politics, Professionalism and Public Order, 1850–1940
(Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1991).

17
. NCA document 2050-PS, Reichsgesetzblatt, August 1919.

18
. NARA, RG319, IRR, box 6, CINFO reports 2, Political analysis of the Weimar Republic, December 10, 1945.

19
. Stadtarchiv Aachen (StaA), Regierung Aachen, Akte 4/7/I,
Arbeiter und Soldatenrat 1918–1923, Das besetzte Rheinland;
and Ulrich Kluge,
Soldatenräte und Revolution: Studien zur Militärpolitik in Deutschland 1918–1919
(Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1975).

20
. Otto Loening,
Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte
(Leipzig: Hirschfeld, 1929), 30.

21
. Fricke,
Bismarcks Prätorianer
, 23–30.

22
. Richard Evans,
Rereading German History 1800–1996: From Unification to Reunification
(London: Routledge, 1997), 65–86.

23
. Richard Bessel, “Policing, Professionalization and Politics,” in Emsley and Weinberger (eds.),
Policing Western Europe
, 187–217.

24
. Ibid., 202.

25
. Ibid., 187–8.

26
. Loening,
Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte
, 40.

27
. James M. Diehl, “No More Peace: The Militarization of Politics,” in Roger Chickering and Stig Förster (eds.),
The Shadows of Total War: Europe, East Asia and the United States 1919–1939
(Washington, D.C.: German Historical Institute, and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 97–113.

28
. Münchener Stadtmuseum,
München-“Hauptstadt der Bewegung”
(Munich: Klinkhardt & Biermann, 1993), 52.

29
. HStaD Regierung Aachen, file 22757, documents 34, 86, and 87.

30
. HStaD Regierung Aachen, file 22757, document 71.

31
. HStaD Regierung Aachen, file 22757, document 97, Bericht March 1933, Hilfspolizei Ausbildung. This training was divided between the practical (
Praktische Ausbildung
), rudimentary weapon skills and the conduct of police patrols, and the theoretical (
Theoretische Ausbildung
), providing a basic knowledge of German law and penal code.

32
. Franz Seldte,
Der Stahlhelm: Erinnerungen und Bilder aus den Jahren 1918— 1933
(Berlin: Stahlhelm, 1932).

33
. Gerald Reitlinger,
The SS: Alibi of a Nation 1922–1945
(London: Faber & Faber, 1956); and Robert Koehl,
The Black Corps: The Structure and Power Struggles of the Nazi SS
(Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1983).

34
. The relationship between the SS and Hitler has been extensively covered by Martin Broszat,
The Hitler State
(London: Longman, 1983); Alan Bullock,
Hitler: A Study in Tyranny
(London: Penguin, 1990); Joachim C. Fest,
Hitler
(New York: Knopf, 1977).

35
. Heinz Höhne,
The Order of the Death’s Head: The Story of Hitler’s SS
(London: Penguin, 1969), 135.

36
. Jeremy Noakes and Geoffrey Pridham,
Nazism 1919–1945: A Documentary Reader
, III (Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1998), 185, hereafter referred to as Noakes & Pridham and volume.

37
. Blood, “Kurt Daluege and the Militarisation of the Ordnungspolizei,” 95–120.

38
. Hans Speier, “Ludendorff: The German Concept of Total War,” in Earle (ed.),
Makers of Modern Strategy
, 306–21.

39
. Erich Ludendorff,
Der totale Krieg
(Munich: Ludendorff, 1935).

40
. Hew Strachen, “Total War in the Twentieth Century,” in Arthur Marwick, Clive Emsley, and Wendy Simpson,
Total War and Historical Change: Europe 1914–1955
(Buckingham: Open University Press, 2001), 255–83.

41
. Wilhelm Deist, “The Road to Ideological War: Germany 1918–1945,” in Williamson Murray, Macgregor Knox, and Alvin Bernstein,
The Making of Strategy: Rulers, States and War
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 359–60.

42
. NCA document 2284-PS, SS-Standartenführer Gunter d’Alquen, History, Mission and Organization of the SS, 1939.

43
. Ernest K. Bramstedt,
Dictatorship and Political Police
(London: Routledge, 1945); Helmut Krausnick,
Hitler’s Einsatzgruppen: Die Truppe des Weltanschauungskrieges 1938–1942
(Frankfurt: Fischer, 1985); Robert Gellately,
The Gestapo and German Society
(Oxford: Clarendon, 1991); and George Browder,
Hitler’s Enforcers: The Gestapo and SS Security Service in the Nazi Revolution
(Don Mills, Ontario: Oxford University Press, 1996).

44
. Koehl,
The Black Corps
, 46.

45
. Andersch,
Der Vater eines Mörders;
and Peter Padfield,
Himmler: Reichsführer-SS
(London: Heinemann, 1990), 3–19.

46
. Robert Koehl,
RKFDV: German Resettlement and Population Policy 1939–1945
, (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1957).

47
. Koehl,
The Black Corps
, 48.

48
. NARA, RG242, A3343-SS0-023, Bach-Zelewski.

49
. Kurt Ernst Gottfried von Bülow,
Preussischer Militarismus zur Zeit Wilhelm II
(Schweidnitz: Scweidnitz, 1930).

50
. Bülow,
Preussischer Militarismus
, 229–30.

51
. IWM, IMT, interrogation, No. 2599, June 27, 1947.

52
. BZ-USMT, January 17, 1946.

53
. BA, SS personnel file, Bach-Zelewski. On the side of the SS family tree (
Ahnentafel
), the SS Race and Resettlement Office (RuSHA) representative inscribed the date in pencil and spelled his name in the Polish form, “Zelewsky.”

54
. NARA, RG242, A3343-SS0-023, Bach-Zelewski, letter to Himmler, October 23, 1940.

55
. BZ-IMT, October 25, 1945.

56
. NARA, RG242, A3343-SS0-023, Bach-Zelewski, report from Daluege, March 16, 1933. The word
hemmungslos
could also mean wild and unscrupulous.

57
. BA, SS personnel file, Bach-Zelewski.

58
. NARA, RG242, A3343-SS0-023, Bach-Zelewski, document Nr. 26335, Himmler’s list of birthday presents included toys, ice cream, and a dog, from 1935 to 1944.

59
. Tuviah Friedman,
Bach-Zelewski: Dokumentensammlung
(Haifa: Institute of Documentation, 1996), 2–6.

60
. John Weitz,
Hitler’s Bankier: Hjalmar Schacht
(New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1998), 257. Recalling the incident years later, Schacht said that when Bach-Zelewski got up to protest, he wanted to say, “The men’s toilets are along the corridor, second door on the right.”

61
. NARA, RG242, OKW T-77, roll 795, report from Roschmann of Kriegsmarinedienstelle, Königsberg, Prussia, to Oberbefehelshaber der Kriegsmarine, August 20, 1935; report from the Chief of Staff of Wehrkreiskommando I, Königsberg, Prussia, to Oberbefehelshaber des Heeres, August 20, 1935; and Hjalmar Schacht, Reichsbankpräsidenten und beaufragten Reichswirtschaftministerium, zur Eröffnung der Deutschen Ostmesse, August 18, 1935.

62
. BA-ZNS, L 85247, pension file, Georg Liedl.

63
. Terry Charman,
The German Home Front 1939–45
(New York: Philosophical Library, 1989), 114.

64
. Kershaw,
Hubris
, 249. See Derwent Whittlesey, “Haushofer: The Geopoliticians,” in Earle (ed.),
Makers of Modern Strategy
, 388–411. See also Murphy,
The Heroic Earth
.

65
. NCA document 1708-PS, National Socialist Yearbook 1941, edited by Robert Ley.

66
. In 1934, Epp attended Josef and Magda Goebbels’ wedding as an official witness, alongside Hitler.

67
. Hermann Weiss,
Biographisches Lexikon zum Dritten Reich
(Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch, 2002), 112.

68
. Alan Wykes,
Himmler
(New York: Ballentine, 1972), 51–4.

69
. Peter H. Merkel,
Political Violence under the Swastika: 581 Early Nazis
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975), 108–9.

70
. Krumbach,
Franz Ritter von Epp
, 245–64.

71
. Bauer,
Kolonien im Dritten Reich
, 56.

72
. Noakes & Pridham, III, 667–75.