Hitler's Hangman (92 page)

in National Archives, Kew, HS 4/79.

19. See the eulogies in
Lidice: A Tribute by Members of the International P.E.N.
(London 1944),

Thomas Mann’s quotation on p. 90. On Mann’s
Lidice
, originally entitled
Der Protektor
, see

Uwe Naumann,
Faschismus als Groteske. Heinrich Manns Roman ‘Lidice’
(Worms, 1980). The

story of this operation and the subsequent annihilation of Lidice have also inspired count-

less post-war films, novels, plays and songs. The story of the assassination inspired films

such as
Attentat
(1964),
Operation Daybreak
(1975) and
The Assassination of Reinhard

Heydrich
(1991), as well as the song ‘A Lovely Day Tomorrow’ by the British rock band Sea

Power.

20. Thomas Mann,
Essays
, vol. 5:
Deutschland und die Deutschen 1938–1945
, ed. Hermann

Kurzke and Stephan Stachorski (Frankfurt, 1997), 185f. On the text’s dissemination as a

propaganda leaflet dropped behind German lines in September and October 1942, see ibid.,

373f. On Mann and Heydrich, see Hübinger, ‘Mann und Heydrich’, 111ff.

21. Beneš to Bartoš, as quoted in Mastny,
Czechs
, 217.

22. Less than two months later, on 29 September 1942, Czechoslovak Foreign Minister Jan

Masaryk received written assurance from the French government-in-exile that it, too,

considered the Munich Agreement null and void. See Jan Kuklík, ‘Oduznání mnichovské

dohody za druhé světové války’,
Historie a vojenství
46 (1997), 49–68; Jan Němećek, ‘Rok

1942 v ćeskoslovenském zahranićním odboji’, in
Rok 1942 v ćeském odboji. Sborník příspěvků

z vědecké konference
(Prague, 1999), 19–24.

23. Frank’s speech of October 1942, in National Archives, Prague, 114–6–8.

24. Brandes,
Tschechen
, vol. 1, 265; Dennler,
Böhmische Passion
, 78–80. See the long list of informers and sums paid to them in exchange for information in Archive of the Ministry

of the Interior, Prague, 315–194–30.

25. MacDonald,
Killing
, 193ff. Čurda was arrested by the Czech authorities in 1945 and, after

an unsuccessful suicide attempt, was hanged in 1947 for high treason.

26. Berton ‘Attentat’, 694, n. 27; ‘Totenbuch des SS-Standortarztes Mauthausen’, 24 October

1942, in KZ-Gedenkstätte Mauthausen, AMM Y/46.

27. See Daluege’s ‘Führerbericht über den Mordanschlag auf SS-Obergruppenführer Heydrich’

(29 June 1942), in Archive of the Czech Ministry of the Interior, 301–5–4.

28. Berton, ‘Attentat’, 668ff.; Haasis,
Tod
, 152.

29. ‘Totenbuch des SS-Standortarztes Mauthausen’, 24 October 1942, in KZ-Gedenkstätte

Mauthausen, AMM Y/46.

30. Brandes,
Tschechen
, vol. 1, 265; Mastny,
Czechs
, 220f.; MacDonald,
Killing
, 196; Frantiček

Schildberger,
Ležáky
(Hradec Králové, 1982).

31. See Geschke’s report on death sentences of 24 June 1942, in Archive of the Ministry of the

Interior, Prague, 301–5–4; see, too, Brandes, ‘Nationalsozialistische Tschechenpolitik’, 47;

Sládek, ‘Standrecht’, 332f.

32. See the report ‘Protectorate Background for Operations’, 14 August 1942, in National

Archives, Kew, HS 4/79. On the productivity of the Czech armaments industry until 1945,

see Vladimír Francev, ‘Panzerjäger – Program. Nový úkol pro protektorátní průmysl’, in

Válećný rok 1944
(Prague, 2002), 320ff.

350

N OT E S to pp. 286–90

33. Smith et al.,
Himmler: Geheimreden
, 146–61, here 159. That Himmler was deeply shaken by

Heydrich’s death is confirmed by Wolff ’s post-war testimony, in IfZ, ZS 317, f. 31. See, too,

Longerich,
Himmler
, 586ff. Kurt Daluege argued along similar lines when on 7 June

1942 he wrote in
Völkischer Beobachter
that Heydrich’s death had made the SS ‘even

more determined to exterminate those elements of the European underworld’ responsible

for the assassination, by which he meant the Jews.
Völkischer Beobachter
, 7 June 1942.

34. Longerich,
Himmler
, 586ff.; Christopher R. Browning,
The Path to Genocide: Essays on

Launching the Final Solution
(Cambridge, 1992), 169; see, too, Pohl,
Ostgalizien
.

35. Meetings between Himmler and Hitler took place on 27, 28, 30 and 31 May, as well as on

3, 4 and 5 June 1942. See Witte et al. (eds),
Dienstkalender
, 441–56; and Longerich,

Himmler
, 588ff.; Witte, ‘Two Decisions’, 333f.; Pohl,
Ostgalizien
, 204f.

36. The odd spelling of Heydrich’s first name with a ‘t’ has given rise to the somewhat curious

speculation that the genocidal operation in the General Government was not named

after the murdered Reich Protector and chief organizer of the ‘Final Solution’, but after

the State Secretary of Finance, Fritz Reinhardt, whose ministry administered the stolen

property of the murdered Jews. See: Robert Lewis Koehl,
German Resettlement and

Population Policy, 1939–1945: A History of the Reich Commission for the Strengthening

of Germandom
(Cambridge MA, 1957), 198. The confusion caused by the existence of

both spellings –
Aktion Reinhard
and
Aktion Reinhardt
– is easily explained. Throughout

the 1930s, Heydrich himself used both spellings for his first name. See: Peter Witte

and Stephen Tyas, ‘A New Document on the Deportation and Murder of Jews during

‘Einsatz Reinhard’ 1942’ in
Holocaust and Genocide Studies
15 (2001), 468–486, here 484,

note 41.

37. See Shlomo Aronson and Richard Breitmann, ‘Eine unbekannte Himmler-Rede vom

Januar 1943’,
VfZ
38 (1990), 337–48. See, too, Peter Black, ‘Die Trawniki-Männer und die

Aktion Reinhard’, in Bogdan Musial (ed.),
‘Aktion Reinhardt’. Der Völkermord an den Juden

im Generalgouvernement 1941–1944
(Osnabrück, 2004), 309–52; BAB, BDC, SSO

Reinhard Heydrich; see, too, the letter exchange between Himmler and Globocnik, 4 and

30 November 1943 and 5 January 1944, in BAB, NS 19/2234, also printed as part of 4024–

PS, in
IMT
, vol. 34, 68–71.

38. Goebbels,
Tagebücher
, part II, vol. 4, 432 (diary entry for 2 June 1942); Gottwald and

Schulle,
Judendeportationen
, 260ff.

39. Kárný,
Konećné řešení
, 153f. On the number of Jewish survivors, see Adler,
Theresienstadt
, 15.

40. Longerich,
Himmler
, 638f.; Juliane Wetzel, ‘Frankreich und Belgien’, in Benz (ed.),

Dimensionen des Völkermordes
, 105–35; Klarsfeld,
Vichy
, 379ff.; Longerich,
Himmler
, 590ff.

41. Brandes,
Tschechen
, vol. 1, 261.

42. Smith et al.,
Himmler: Geheimreden
, 146–61, here 159. See, too, Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 167f.

43. Schirach as quoted in Botz,
Wien
, 597f.

44. Bormann to Goebbels, 8 June 1942, in BAB, NS 19/1969.

45. Bryant,
Prague
, 173f. Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 157.

46. Ibid., 359f., n. 10; Lower,
Nazi Empire-Building
, 177.

47. Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 162ff.

48. Wildt,
Generation
, 704.

49. Heydrich,
Kriegsverbrecher
, 123.

50. See Lina’s correspondence about the camp inmates in BAB, NS 19/18. Testimonies of

eyewitnesses and former slave labourers on the Heydrich estate, recorded in Prague after

1945, as quoted in Schwarz,
Frau an seiner Seite
, 211. See, too, Archive of the Ministry of

the Interior, Prague, 325–57–3; Jörg Skriebeleit, ‘Jungfern-Breschan’, in Benz and Distel,

Ort des Terrors
, vol. 4, 164ff.

51. Newspaper clipping with the announcement of Klaus’s death, in IfZ, Ed 450.

52. Gitta Sereny,
Das Ringen mit der Wahrheit. Albert Speer und das deutsche Trama
(Munich,

1995), 381f.; Lili Scholz,
‘Bis alles in Scherben fällt’. Tagebuchblätter 1933–1945
(2nd edn,

Hamburg, 2007), 415f. See, too, the letter published by Heydrich’s commanding officer,

Kurt Joachim Fischer, in
Der Spiegel
, 16 March 1950.

53. Interview with the author in March 2009. The theft theory was confirmed by a military

court case against Fischer on 28 December 1944. See Generallandesarchiv Halle, Sign.

465a/59/15/7492. I am grateful to Axel Huber for this reference.

N OT E S to pp. 290–1

351

54. On expulsions, see Benjamin Frommer,
National Cleansing: Retribution against Nazi

Collaborators in Postwar Czechoslovakia
(Cambridge, 2005).

55. The fate of Elisabeth Heydrich according to her grandson, Heider Heydrich, in an inter-

view with the author in March 2009.

56. Heydrich,
Kriegsverbrecher
, 154f.; and Werner Maser’s commentary on 201f.

57. See the extensive documentation in IfZ, Ed 450 II. See, too, Uwe Danker, ‘NS-Opfer und

Täter. Versorgung mit zweierlei Mass. Lina Heydrich und Dr. Norbert L. mit

Rentenangelegenheiten vor Gericht’,
Demokratische Geschichte. Jahrbuch zur Arbeiterbewegung

und Demokratie in Schleswig-Holstein
10 (1996), 277–305.

58.
Jasmin
4/69.

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