How to Do Things with Books in Victorian Britain (72 page)

Quarterly
,
142
,
211

Quire of Paper,
118
,
119

Rabelais, François,
141

race,
24–25
,
237

Radway, Jan,
75
;
Reading
the
Romance
,
51

Rae, W. Fraser,
177

Railway
Anecdote
Book, The
,
24–25

“Railway Libraries,”
62

“Railway Literature,”
24

railway novels,
62

Raitt, Suzanne,
222

Ransome, Arthur,
163

Raven, James,
The
Business
of
Books
,
16

Raverat, Gwen,
9

Reach, Angus,
121

reader response,
20
,
90

readers,
107
; abstraction of,
31
; alignment with identity of characters,
166–67
,
168
; association with other,
168
; and authors,
12
,
15
,
67
,
81
,
218
; as binding-blind and edition-deaf,
7
; bodies of successive and simultaneous,
12
; and characters,
175
; collective, commercialized,
258–59
; communities of,
151
; cultural criticism of annotations of,
20
; different classes of,
17
; as disembodied,
31
,
220
; fellow,
140
; good,
33
; and identity,
18
; implied,
8
; internalist account of,
131
; lack of belonging to,
8
; lower classes as,
27
; and niche marketing,
164–68
; relationships forged with fellow,
18
; of religious tracts,
151–53
; self-made,
13
,
86
,
124
; and social inferiors,
15
; and social status,
18
; and strangers,
51
; targeting of,
162
; text as poison to,
15
; as unclassed,
31

reading: absence of vs. absence of use,
10
; absorptive,
72
,
80–81
,
88
,
89
,
190
; as acceptable,
189–90
; ambivalence about,
67
; antisocial,
3
; avoidance of coupling characters with,
45–47
; as barrier,
81
; and breakdown of marriage,
58–59
,
61
; as bridge,
51
,
81
; and children,
2
; choice of material for,
140
; and circulation,
5–6
; and class,
105–6
; close,
130
; and collecting,
111
,
112
; and consumption,
34
; different agendas served by,
10
; distant,
21
; evidence of,
19
; as feminine source of interiority, individuality, or authenticity,
51
; and food wrapping,
240
,
242
,
255
,
257
; and Gissing,
258
; half-remembered,
92
; and handling,
5–6
,
20
,
257
; as heroically antisocial,
67
; history of,
34
,
131
; and identity,
139
; and indigestion,
140
; and individualism,
176
; in institutional context,
90
; instrumentality of,
89–90
; as interpersonal act,
67–68
; and interpersonal bonds,
14
; and interpersonal exchanges,
190–91
; as interpretation,
8
,
21–22
,
93
; lack of interest in,
14
; lexicon for mental act of,
7
; logistical,
21
; manual dimension of,
22
; and manual labor,
101
; and market value,
57
; mental act of,
8
; as morally corrupting,
69–70
; of new books,
10
; of newspapers by strangers,
15
; and nonverbal operations,
23
; opportunity cost of,
91
; and perceptual senses,
32–33
; for pleasure,
89
; as poaching,
70
; prevention of,
81
; and privacy,
61
; privileging of,
20–22
; recuperative,
21
; as reductively other-directed,
67
; refusal of,
8
; remembered,
80
,
94
; representation of,
12
,
14
,
16
; rhetorical,
62
; and schoolroom,
101
; secondhand,
258
; as secret vs. sham,
74
; and selfhood vs. dependence,
216
; shared act of,
175
; silent,
16
,
67–68
; sociable,
82
; and social barriers,
175
; as social cement,
61
; solipsistic,
62
; as subversive,
75–76
; as term in Dickens,
21–22
,
23
; and trade,
101
; uncritical,
21
; as uniting,
239
; used to define relation between two spheres,
57
; vulgar owning without,
84
,
85
; as weapon of weak,
56
; and white-collar spaces,
101
; without buying,
84–85

reading aloud,
9
,
12
,
84
,
176
,
213–16

“Reading and Readers,”
201–2

reading copies,
2–3
,
4
,
35

realism,
12
,
25
,
26
,
27–28
,
59
,
67
,
77
,
108
,
221
,
251
,
253

“Recent Novels,”
211

reception,
13

reception history,
7
,
19
,
20
,
34
,
74
,
130

reception studies,
260

reception theory,
131
,
219

Record Office,
145

Reed, C.,
157
,
158

Reeser, Todd W., and Steven D. Spalding,
265
n8

Reformation,
39
,
233

reformist genres,
239

Regency era,
3

rejection history,
7–8

religious magazines,
117
,
118

religious press,
41
,
131–32

religious publications: and circulation,
119
; and it-narratives,
110–20
; sale of,
114–15
,
117

religious relics,
15
,
169
,
229

Religious Text Society,
112
,
151
,
204
,
205
,
243
,
251
; magazines of,
132
; publications of,
133–34
; and reward books,
162

religious tract distribution,
155–64
,
243
; blame for,
184
; and book collecting,
182–83
; channels for,
150–51
; and Collins,
207–13
,
215
; and dependence,
216
; and gifts,
109
,
150–62
,
201
,
206
,
217
; and Gosse,
253
; and
History
of
a
Religious
Tract
,
111
; jokes about,
176
,
204
,
210
; networks for,
139
,
145
; and novels,
206–7
,
213
; and pickpocketing,
202
,
211
; and postal system,
216–17
; and providentialism,
251–52
; and readers’ and characters’ identity,
167
; representation of,
206–7
; and social class,
175
,
178
,
198
,
199
; and Thackeray,
201
; and upper class,
153

religious tract distributors,
121–22
,
134
; mockery of,
204–13
; and working-class,
14

religious tracts,
144
,
150–64
,
179
,
203–4
,
219
,
285
n24,
289
n26; and advertising circulars,
217
; and authors,
151
; and bulk mail,
216–17
; and children,
165
; and Collins,
207–13
; and face-to-face interactions,
152
; and familial power struggles,
73
; and family,
193
; and givers and takers,
152
; giving vs. reading in,
153
; and identity,
164
,
165
,
166
,
167
; and inner life,
16
; and interpersonal relations,
17
; and it-narratives,
109
,
153
; as linking readers,
12
,
15
; as matching readers,
139
; and Mayhew,
250
; as medicine,
159
; as mirrored in novels,
207
; and modern city,
155
; and niche marketing,
164–68
; and novels,
176
; pagans as tearing up,
39
; proliferation of,
150
; providentialism of,
251–52
; read under wrong circumstances,
189–90
; and realist novel,
28
; refusal to read,
212
; and relation to books vs. people,
110
; as required reading,
14
; resale value of,
206
; and self-assertion,
193
; and self-referentiality,
155
; for servants,
178–80
; and servants’ dependence,
184
; as silent messenger,
132
; and social relationships,
151–52
,
155
,
175
,
194
; and sowing motif,
145–46
; subsidized,
15
,
17
; and supply and demand,
176
; as talking and walking,
133–34
; and upper class as moral arbiters,
153
; value of,
156–57
; visits through,
155
; and waste paper,
243–45

religious tract societies,
151
; and class,
178
; and gifts vs. sales,
217
; and giving,
178
; and markets,
164
; satires on,
156

Religious Tract Society,
111
,
150
,
206
; and Hill,
217
; and niche marketing,
165
; and tract distribution as pickpocketing,
202
,
211

reprints,
12
,
17–18
,
20
,
143
,
247

rereading,
247

resale,
176
,
249
,
289
n22

resale market,
31
,
249

resale value,
160–61
,
177

“Review of Castle Richmond,”
29

“Review of Illustrations of Political Economy,”
199

reward books,
162
,
163
,
164
,
192

Reynolds, John Stewart, and W. H. Griffith Thomas,
157
,
208

Reynolds, Kimberley,
102
,
162

Richards, Thomas,
265
n6

Richardson, A.,
90
,
102

Richardson, Samuel,
203
;
Clarissa
,
67–68
;
Letters
,
89
;
Pamela
,
233
,
234
,
259
,
286
n30

Richmond, Legh,
133

rich people,
9
,
11
,
87
,
231
,
235
,
261

Rickards, Maurice, and Michael Twyman,
102
,
149
,
195
,
208

Rigby, Elizabeth,
193

Robbins, Bruce,
175
,
189

Roberts, Lewis C.,
196

Robinson, Howard,
217

Robson, Catherine,
88

Roche, Regina Maria,
The
Children
of
the
Abbey
,
197

romance,
14
,
26
,
60
,
112
,
113
,
202–3
,
212
,
254
,
259
; and Cervantes,
84
; dangers of reading,
113
; and Mayhew,
251
; patriarchal content of,
51
; and Thackeray,
88
; and tracts,
167
; and Trollope,
59

Romantics,
91

Rose, Jonathan,
The
Intellectual
Life
,
83

Rosman, Doreen M.,
209

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques,
102

runaway,
127–28

Ruskin, John,
30
,
140–41
;
The
Stones
of
Venice
,
21

Russia,
1

Ruth, Jennifer,
95

Rymer, James Malcom,
The
White
Slave
,
206

“Sailors and Their Hardships on Shore, The,”
157

Sala, G. A., “A Journey Due North,”
74

Sarah Ellis,
68

Sargent, George Etell:
The
Story
of
a
Pocket
Bible
,
109
,
111
,
112–13
,
115
,
116
,
120
,
162
,
165
,
178
,
180
,
182
,
183–84
,
189
,
190
,
277
n5; “The Story of a Pocket Bible,
1
st series,”
114
; “The Story of a Pocket Bible,
2
nd Series,”
121

Sartre, Jean-Paul,
51
,
83

satire,
17
,
54
,
77
,
176
,
202
,
204–13
,
240–41
,
242

Saturday
Review
,
29

Scarry, Elaine,
32
,
33

scatological humor,
77
,
233
,
236
,
242
.
See
also
jokes

Schneider, Mark A.,
265
n8

schools,
1
,
11
,
14
,
88
,
89
,
100
,
104
,
105
,
204
.
See
also
education

school textbooks,
14
,
88

Schreiner, Olive,
The
Story
of
an
African
Farm
,
72–73

Scott, Patrick,
162

Scott, Walter,
79
,
173
;
Waverley
,
33
,
278
n14; Waverley novels,
89
,
291
n3

secondhand trade,
12
,
90
,
176
,
219
,
227
,
242
,
246
,
248–49

secular fiction,
17

secularism,
16

secular press,
139
,
166
,
176
,
204

Sedgwick, Eve,
21

seduction narratives,
124
,
125

Seed, David,
126

self: books imagined to possess,
120
; boundaries of,
76
; development of,
107

self-assertion,
193

self-creation,
90

self-denial,
69

self-fashioning,
17

selfhood,
10
,
71
,
82
; and bildungsroman,
68
; and
David
Copperfield
,
83

self-improvement,
167

selfishness,
69
,
82

self-referentiality,
76
,
77
,
110
,
116
,
142
,
153
,
155

self-restraint,
69

sensation fiction,
177
,
210
,
212
,
283
n2

senses, perceptual,
31
,
32–33

serials, taxes on,
38

servants,
120
,
238
; and abjection of books,
220
; and absorption in books,
190
; access to books,
178
,
283
n8; and anxieties about shared books,
194
; and bookbindings,
116
,
178
; bookbindings as tempting disobedience,
186
; book handling by,
177
; books as inflaming desires of,
186
; and children,
163
,
188
; as corrupting,
202–3
; dehumanized,
177
; and dependence and religious tracts,
184
; in Dickens,
105
; and dirt,
183
,
184
,
185
,
186
,
200
; dusting by,
175–76
,
177
,
182
,
185
,
186
,
192
,
240
,
283
n5,
284
n10; eavesdropping by,
188
; and education,
189
; and family prayers,
214
; hands of,
183
,
184
; industry of,
182
; and jokes,
26
,
186
; literacy of,
178
,
188
; literalistic,
94–95
; locks against,
36
,
183
,
283
n7,
284
n16; and masters,
8
,
9
,
12
,
13
,
15
,
165
,
175
,
177–93
,
198
,
199–200
,
202
,
240
; and masters’ apparent reading,
57–58
; and mistress-maid relations,
35
,
188
,
247
; newspapers shared with,
178
,
183
,
197
; and page sizing,
9
; and paper wrapping,
93
; paternalism toward,
189
; procurement of novels on sly from,
15
; proper handling of books by,
185
; and reading,
15
; reading of,
175–76
; reading under acceptable circumstances by,
190–92
; and religious publications,
116
,
178–80
,
184
; respect from,
186–87
; selection of books for,
163
,
167
,
188
,
199–200
; and sexuality,
185
,
198
; and social class,
178
; and
Story
of
a
Pocket
Bible
,
112–13
,
165
; use of master’s reading matter by,
197
,
199–200
,
237
; use of mistress’s books by,
35
,
188
; use of newspapers by,
178
,
183
,
197
; use of reading matter by,
8
,
13
,
197
,
199–200
,
237
; use of valued paper by,
236
; and wives,
55
; workrooms of,
101

Sewell, Anna,
Black
Beauty
,
125

Sewell, Elizabeth Missing:
Cleve
Hall
,
47
;
Gertrude
,
68
;
Laneton
Parsonage
,
202
;
Margaret
Percival
,
68

Sewell, William,
Hawkstone
,
241

sexuality,
66
,
69
,
75
,
77
,
197–98
; and book borrowing,
197
; and book’s vulnerability,
124
; in George Eliot,
62
; and marginalia,
197
; master-servant,
198
; and reading aloud,
215
; and servants,
185
.
See
also
gender; men; wives; women

Shakespeare, William,
87
,
88
,
249

Shaw, Graham, “South Asia,”
281
n19

Sheridan, Richard,
The
Rivals
,
270
n2

Sherman, William H.,
134
,
225–26
,
233
,
282
n35

Sherwood, Mary,
123
,
161
; “The History of Susan Gray,”
183
; “Intimate Friends,”
203
; “Little Henry and his bearer,”
181–82
; “The Red Book,”
91

She
Would
Be
a
Governess
,
276
n3

shilling shocker,
11

Shiv, Baba, Ziv Carmon, and Dan Ariely,
159

shoes,
29–30

shorthand,
95
,
96–100
,
130

Sicherman, Barbara,
51

Simmel, Georg,
The
Sociology
of
Georg
Simmel
,
271
n6

Simpson, James, “Bonjour paresse,”
233

single-use goods,
247

single-use works,
248
,
249
,
250

Sisyphus,
142

Siti, Walter,
290
n28

Skallerup, Harry Robert,
232

skin,
2
,
102–3
,
118
,
123
,
128
,
129

slate,
101
,
103

Slaughter, Joseph R
.
,
40
,
125–26
,
284
n19

slave narrative,
108
,
125
,
184
,
186

slavery metaphor,
115

slaves,
123

slave ships,
127

slops,
246
,
248

Small, Helen,
105–6

Smith, Benjamin,
185

Smollett, Tobias:
Humphrey
Clinker
,
82
,
85
;
Peregrine
Pickle
,
82
;
Roderick
Random
,
82
,
85

social class,
13
,
26
,
55
,
175
,
236
,
237
; blurring of,
175
; and book binding,
178
; and book burning,
9
; and book formats,
175
,
178
,
180–82
; books as cutting across,
13
,
200
; in Dickens,
105
; and gender,
197
,
236
; and handling paper vs. reading as uniting,
239
; and Knight,
235–36
; and library,
194
; and literacy,
9
,
203
,
283
n1; and masters and servants,
178
; and materialism,
11
; and Mayhew,
231
,
238
,
239
; and missionaries,
133
; and novel reading,
105–6
; and public library,
175
,
176
; and reading,
105–6
; and relationship of reading to handling,
240–41
; and religious publications,
115–16
; and religious tracts,
153
; and religious tract societies,
178
; and text,
17
; and text vs. book,
31
.
See
also
lower classes; middle class; niche marketing; poor people; rich people; upper middle class; working class

social mobility,
16
,
17
,
57
,
96

social networks,
139
,
156

social rank,
2
,
24

social relationships,
5–6
,
7
,
260
; and bible distribution,
159
; books as dependent on,
203
; and book vs. text,
10
; and circulation,
12–13
; and copies of books,
12
; and distribution,
7
; embeddedness of objects in,
169
; and Gissing,
258
,
259
; and handling,
9–10
; and religious tracts,
151–52
,
155
,
175
,
194
.
See
also
interpersonal connections

social status,
18

social structures,
13
,
73

Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK),
150
,
178
,
183
,
184
,
185

Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge,
26–27

sofa-table books,
18
,
70
,
84
,
113
,
169
,
183

solipsism,
67
,
68
,
71

Southey, Robert,
3
;
Letters
from
England
,
263
n1

sower metaphor,
111
,
145–46

Spectator
,
234–35
,
254–55
,
257

speed-reading,
141

Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty,
273
n8

Spufford, Francis,
275
n15

Stallybrass, Peter,
34

Stallybrass, Peter, and Ann Rosalind Jones,
246

Stationery Office,
145

St Clair, William,
34
,
36
,
150
,
160
,
246

Steedman, Carolyn,
164
,
176
,
203
,
283
n5,
285
n21

Stendhal (Marie-Henri Beyle),
Vie
de
Henry
Brulard
,
84

stenography,
96–100
,
103

Stephen, James Fitzjames,
259

Stephen, Leslie, “Journalism,”
142

Stephenson, Neal,
The
Diamond
Age
,
273
n5

stereotype,
23
,
27

Sterling, John,
235

Sterne, Jonathan,
224

Sterne, Lawrence,
Tristram
Shandy
,
77
,
111

Stewart, Garrett,
51
;
The
Look
of
Reading
,
52
,
268
n29,
272
n4; “The Mind’s Sigh,”
50
; “Painted Readers, Narrative Regress,”
51–52

Stewart, R., “A Piece of Waste Paper,”
244