Impeached: The Trial of President Andrew Johnson and the Fight for Lincoln's Legacy (55 page)

Not able to spare: Globe
Supp., pp. 409–10 (May 11 and 12, 1868).

Deflated, the murmuring spectators: New York World
, May 13, 1868.

The impeachment clauses:
Farrand 2:65 (July 20, 1787).

Within weeks those states: Chicago Tribune
, May 13, 1868.

Western Union: Petersburg
(VA)
Index
, May 12, 1868 (reprinting from the
Baltimore Sun
);
New York Herald
, May 12, 1868.

22. DESPERATE DAYS

Have been the rounds: Impeachment Money
, p. 28.

Before Saturday: New York Times
, May 12, 13, and 14, 1868;
Philadelphia Press
, May 13, 1868.

A “perfect avalanche”: Baltimore Sun
, May 13, 1868.

The
Philadelphia Press
applauded: Philadelphia Press
, May 14, 1868.

A pro-Johnson newspaper:
Ibid.; W. G. Brownlow to Butler, June 29, 1868, Butler Papers;
Impeachment Money
, p. 29; Durham, pp. 48, 55;
New York Herald
, May 14, 1868. Ben Butler claimed that Fowler had been hot for impeachment as early as 1866.
Cincinnati Gazette
, June 22, 1866.

The impeachers gave up: New York Times
, May 15, 1868;
New York Herald
, May 15, 1868.

Before the final ballot: Wheeling Intelligencer
, March 16, 1868; Philip Sturm, “Senator Peter G. Van Winkle and the Andrew Johnson Impeachment Trial: A Comprehensive View,”
West Virginia History
58:39 (1999–2000); R. W. Bayless, “Peter G. Van Winkle and Waitman T. Willey in the Impeachment Trial of Andrew Johnson,”
West Virginia History
13:83 (1952);
Philadelphia Press
, May 13, 1868;
New York Times
, May 14, 1868 (Van Winkle may vote “guilty” on Article XI);
New York Times
, May 15, 1868 (for acquittal on all articles);
Cleveland Daily Herald
, June 5, 1868 (Chase persuaded Van Winkle to vote for acquittal).

Henderson often voted: Chicago Tribune
, January 21, 1862;
Washington Daily National Intelligencer
, April 21, 1866;
Milwaukee Daily Sentinel
, November 1, 1865;
Milwaukee Daily Sentinel
, November 1, 1867;
Newark (OH) Advocate
, September 27, 1867;
Savannah (GA) Daily News and Herald
, June 22, 1867.

“The vote of Henderson”:
Welles Diary, vol. 3, p. 349, May 8, 1868; Arthur Mattingly,
Senator John Brooks Henderson, U.S. Senator from Missouri
, Ph.D. dissertation, Kansas State University (1971), p. 136. One account has Mary Foote visiting Washington as a young woman “to see a real senator, and what capital parties were like.” Evidently, John Henderson looked like a real senator, as she set her sights on the Missouri senator early in her visit.
Washington Post
, December 30, 2000, p. 12.

In May 1868:
Legate Testimony of May 22, 1868, before the Impeachment Investigation Committee, p. 43 in Butler Papers; Craig to James F. Joy (March 17, 1867), and Craig to Joy (April 10, 1868), Joy Collection; Paul Wallace Gates,
Fifty Million Acres: Conflicts Over Kansas Land Policy 1854–1890
, University of Oklahoma Press (1997), pp. 156–65; Miner and Unrau, pp. 117–19; Lula Lemon Brown,
Cherokee Neutral Lands Controversy
, M.A. thesis, Kansas State Teachers College (1930), pp. 6–10.

“The Henderson matter”: Impeachment Money
, pp. 16–17.

He promised to “throw myself…”: New York Times
, May 14, 1868; Cox, p. 594; Warden, p. 696;
Washington Daily National Intelligencer
, May 16, 1868.

Possibly someone pointed out:
Moore Diary/Large Diary, pp. 83–84 (January 6, 1870);
New York World
, May 19, 1868; Moore Diary/Large Diary, p. 44 (June 8, 1868);
New York Times
, May 15, 1868;
New York Herald
, May 14, 1868;
New York Tribune
, May 15, 1868.

When the war came:
Edward Bumgardner,
The Life of Edmund G. Ross, the Man Whose Vote Saved a President
, Kansas City, MO: Fielding-Turner Press (1949), pp. 15–51; Earl C. Kubicek, “Pioneer, Soldier, and Statesman: The Story of Edmund Gibson Ross,”
Lincoln Herald
(Fall 1982), pp. 147–48.

Ross was not charged:
G. Raymond Gaeddert,
The Birth of Kansas
, Philadelphia: Porcupine Press (1974), pp. 176–77.

Ten days later:
Leverett Wilson Spring,
Kansas: The prelude to the war for the Union
, Boston: Houghton Mifflin & Co. (1885), pp. 300–303; Kendall E. Bailes,
Rider on the Wind: Jim Lane and Kansas
, Shawnee Mission, KS: Wagon Wheel Press (1962), p. 205;
Lincoln and the Civil War in the Diaries and Letters of John Hay
, New York: Da Capo Press (1988), p. 289.

For $42,000 in bribes:
Mark A. Plummer, “Governor Crawford’s Appointment of Edmund G. Ross to the United States Senate,”
Kansas Historical Quarterly
28:145 (1962). The 1873 investigation of this bribery is outlined in Daniel W. Wilder,
The Annals of Kansas
, Topeka, KS: George W. Martin, Kansas Publishing House (1875), pp. 570–74.

Ben Wade also sponsored:
Ross to Wyman Spooner, January 15, 1868, Ross to Ream, February 24, 1868, and Wade to Fairchild, February 11, 1868, in Hoxie-Ream Papers; Vinnie Ream to Stevens, April 3 and July 21, 1868, and Simon Stevens to Ream, March 19, 1868, all in Stevens Papers, Box 4; Edward S. Cooper,
Vinnie Ream: An American Sculptor
, Chicago: Academy Chicago Publishers (2004), p. 59. “She just talked pretty, girlish talk to some of these impotent iron-clad old politicians—Congressmen, of course,” wrote Samuel Clemens as Mark Twain, “and got out her mud and made busts of some of the others; and she kept on in this fashion until she over-mastered them all with her charming little ways.”
Chicago Republican
, February 19, 1868.

To complete the circle:
Cooper, pp. 17–42. A former Democratic congressman from Indiana, Daniel Voorhees, had urged Johnson to appoint Robert Ream as a consul to a city in southern Europe so he could accompany his daughter Vinnie to Rome, where she wished to complete her commission for a sculpture of Lincoln. The president did not make the appointment. Voorhees to Johnson, May 13, 1867, in
Johnson Papers
12:266.

Others pegged him:
E.g.,
Globe
Supp., p. 231 (April 18, 1868) (Ross votes to admit testimony of Cabinet members);
Baltimore Sun
, May 12, 1868, and
New York Herald
, May 13, 1868 (Ross doubtful);
New York Times
, May 11, 12, and 14, 1868 (Ross for conviction on four articles); Mark A. Plummer, “Profile in Courage? Edmund G. Ross and the Impeachment Trial,”
Midwest Quarterly
27:30, 35 (1985) (Kansas newspapers recording Ross as voting to convict).

“I never allow”:
C. C. Warner to Butler, April 15, 1868, in Butler Papers, Box 45 (Butler’s cover note is written in the margins of the letter).

if the President:
Browning Diary, vol. 2, p. 195 (May 4, 1868).

A deal between Wade and Pomeroy:
Plummer, “Profile in Courage?” pp. 33–34; Berwanger, pp. 236, 239;
Kansas Weekly Patriot
(Burlington, KS), June 20, 1868. Accounts at the time were not clear on whether Pomeroy expected to be trusted with Kansas patronage under a Wade presidency or would have even larger influence.

Ross confirmed: Impeachment Money
, p. 31.

Ross’s position seemed: Cincinnati Gazette
, May 18, 1868;
Daily Cleveland Herald
, May 19, 1868 (the newspaper correspondent was the respected Henry Van Ness Boynton; the senator was Alexander Cattell, a New Jersey Republican);
Impeachment Money
, p. 30 (testimony of Mr. Green).

Without being specific: Impeachment Money
, p. 32;
New York Tribune
, May 16, 1868.

Supposedly offered $20,000: Philadelphia Press
, May 18, 1868;
Bangor Daily Whig and Courier
, May 27, 1868, reprinting report of
Rochester Express
; Bumgardner, p. 78.

Kansas repudiates you:
Text of telegrams copied in memorandum, Ross Papers; Plummer, “Profile in Courage?” p. 36. Though he came from Rochester, New York, Anthony had a frontier swagger. One report has him tracking down Ross in the early 1870s and beating the former senator with his cane. Kubicek, p. 151. Anthony later survived a dramatic shooting at the Leavenworth Opera House,
New York Times
, September 18, 1875. His son, Daniel Anthony, Jr., succeeded him as editor of the newspaper and represented Kansas in Congress for twenty-two years.

He left the Pomeroys:
Bumgardner, p. 79;
Impeachment Money
, p. 32.

At midnight: Impeachment Money
, p. 30; Ross to Major Hoxie, November 2, 1896, in Hoxie-Ream Papers, Box 3.

Out in the early morning hours:
In Kansas, it was said during the Johnson Administration that “a good fee, and Thomas Ewing, Jr., on one’s side, is all that is necessary to secure almost anything in the line of Indian contracts or government lands from the Department of the Interior.” Gates,
Fifty Million Acres
, p. 158.

Ross then assured Sickles:
Stanton was Sickles’s defense lawyer in an 1859 murder trial. Sickles had shot and killed Philip Barton Key, son of Francis Scott Key, because of an affair between Key and Sickles’s wife. Stanton argued that Sickles, stunned by his wife’s betrayal, was temporarily insane, and won his client’s acquittal. Nat Brandt,
The Congressman Who Got Away with Murder
, Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press (1991), pp. 113–89; Thomas Kenneally,
American Scoundrel: The Life of the Notorious Civil War General Dan Sickles
, New York: Nan A. Talese/Doubleday (2002), pp. 122–200.

When young Vinnie: Baltimore Gazette
, May 29, 1868;
Washington Daily National Intelligencer
, May 30, 1868;
Cong. Globe
, 40th Cong., 2d sess. (May 29, 1868), pp. 2674–75 (Rep. Morgan; Rep. Julian).

Miss Ream differed: New York Sun
, October 25, 1896; Vinnie Ream Hoxie to General O. O. Howard, November 14, 1896, in Hoxie-Ream Papers.

This time, with Thad Stevens: Impeachment Money
, pp. 30, 32.

Shook came to Washington: Impeachment Managers’ Investigation
, p. 10;
Impeachment Money
, pp. 21–22.

He then reported:
Handwritten table of telegrams, Butler Papers, Box 45.

On May 15, the day before the vote:
Barlow to Ward, May 12 and 15, 1868, in Barlow Papers, Box 64.

They did not need it: Impeachment Managers’ Investigation
, pp. 10–11, 20, 27, 28. In any event, Craig, the railroad man from Missouri, viewed Pomeroy as “a Blow-gun and blatherskite.” Craig to Joy, April 10, 1868, in Joy Collection.

In his dinner invitation: Impeachment Money
, p. 20. Ward explained that he signed his note to Evarts as “Horace” because he had given Evarts a volume of Horace that Ward had received from the British novelist William Makepeace Thackeray. Henry A. Beers,
The Connecticut Wits and Other Essays
, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press (1920), p. 112. 271
Woolley and Sheridan Shook:
Thomas, pp. 345, 427–29;
Galveston Daily News
, May 28, 1875;
Impeachment Money
, p. 19.

Most of the rumored commitments:
Mark Wahlgren Summers,
The Era of Good Stealings
, New York: Oxford University Press (1993), p. 41.

Paradoxically, the future president: New York Herald
, May 14, 1868, reprinting article from
Chicago Republican
.

Better yet: Philadelphia Press
, May 11, 12, and 14, 1868;
New York World
, May 16, 1868;
Washington Daily National Intelligencer
, May 15, 1868. John D. Candel to Butler, May 12, 1868, in Butler Papers, Box 43: “If the present Senate will not convict Andrew Johnson, can not the taking of the vote be adjourned till such time as the new senators are admitted from the southern states and then his conviction will be sure?.