Read Iran's Deadly Ambition Online
Authors: Ilan Berman
Iran's Deadly Ambition (37 page)
Iran Human Rights Documentation Center,
42–43
Iranian nuclear program: Africa-Iran relations and,
135–36
,
138–41
; Argentina and,
125
; assassinations related to,
104
,
147
; Brazilian support of,
120
; Chinese support of,
96–97
; cyber attacks on,
148–51
; détente possibility and,
163–64
,
165
,
166–67
; E.U.3 negotiations over,
64
,
68–69
,
163
; European response to,
68–69
; immediate world response to,
67–68
; IRGC and,
18–19
; JPOA on,
1
,
2–3
,
64–66
; Latin America–Iran relations and,
117
; NCRI disclosure of,
67
; North Korean support of,
99–102
; P5+1 negotiations over,
1
,
64
,
86
,
138
,
154
,
163
; permanence of accepted,
138
; Russian support of,
84
,
86
; SCO support of,
80
; standoff in and military conflict possibilities,
153
; Sudanese support of,
133–34
Iranian Revolution,
12–13
,
28
,
48–49
,
83
,
98–99
Iran-Iraq War: cost of,
21
; Iranian “sacred defense” during,
42
; Iran’s defeat in,
18
,
20–21
; Islamic revolution concept and,
13
; North Korean arms sales during,
99
; Russia-Iran relations and,
83–84
Iran Khodro (carmaker),
66
Iraq: as “axis of evil” member,
163
; fighters from, in Syria,
39
; Iranian involvement in,
60–62
; Islamic State expansion in,
45–46
,
47
; Khomeini exile in,
12–13
; media coverage of,
35
; sectarian conflict in,
60
; Shiite insurgent groups in,
24
; U.S. control of,
50
.
See also
Iran-Iraq War
IRGC.
See
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
Iron Dome defense system (Israel),
54
iSIGHT Partners (cyber-intelligence firm),
155
Islambouli, Khalid,
29
Islamic Government
(Khomeini),
13
Islamic Jihad Organization,
49
Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB),
116
Islamic Republic of Iran Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance,
158
Islamic Republic of Iran Ministry of Interior,
151
Islamic Republic of Iran Navy (IRIN),
19
,
97–98
,
137–38
Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Lines (IRISL),
64
Islamic revolution: exportation of, as Iranian priority,
13–14
,
22–25
,
166–68
; ideological foundation of,
12–13
; Iranian manifest destiny and,
12
;
IRGC as essential to,
15–20
; Quds Force and,
20
; setbacks to,
20–22
; U.S.-Iran détente and,
166–68
; Western misreading of,
22–25
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC): African presence of,
131–33
; Asian presence of,
105–6
; Bahraini militants trained by,
35
; Chinese support of,
97
; cyber warfare units of,
147–48
,
151
; economic power of,
15–17
; elite paramilitary group of,
20
; on E.U. terror list,
63–64
; founding of,
15
; as global strategic force,
17–20
; Hezbollah and,
14
; illicit economic activity of,
105–6
; Intelligence Unit,
152
; Internet regulation by,
159
; during Iran-Iraq War,
16
; Latin America–Iran relations and,
128
; naval power of,
19–20
; newspaper affiliated with,
152–53
; North Korean arms sales to,
99–100
; nuclear capacities of,
18–19
; Politburo of,
167
; size of,
20
; in Syrian Civil War,
39–41
; terrorist acts plotted by,
128
; weapons infrastructure of,
99
,
131–32
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy (IRGCN),
19–20
Islamic State: ambitions/capabilities of,
46–47
; formation of,
45–46
; as Iranian threat,
47
; media coverage of,
35
; al-Qaeda vs.,
46
; in Syrian Civil War,
46
; U.S.-Iran relations and,
47–48
,
165
Israel: ambassador to U.S., terrorist plot against,
128
; cyber attacks in,
153
; cyber espionage virus developed by,
151
; Gaza War,
54
,
55
; Iranian proxy terrorism against,
54–59
,
72–73
,
104
,
142
,
143
; Iranian technician assassinations ascribed to,
104
,
147–48
; Iranian WMD facilities attacked by,
131–32
; IRGC missile power and,
17–18
; Iron Dome defenses of,
54
; Operation Pillar of Defense,
55
,
132
; Oslo Process,
73
; relations with Azerbaijan,
88
,
90
; relations with Egypt normalized,
29
; Russian fears about,
85
; Syrian/Iranian “axis of resistance” against,
38–39
,
41–42
; Syrian nuclear reactor destroyed by,
102
Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
126
Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Cyber Fighters,
152
Jafari, Mohammad Ali,
41
Jane’s Defense Weekly
,
99–100
Japan, Iranian energy trade and,
96
Javanfekr, Ali Akbar,
121
Javani, Yadollah,
167–68
Jemaah Islamiyah (Indonesia),
47
John F. Kennedy Airport (New York), terrorist attack plotted on,
127–28
Joint Chiefs of Staff (U.S. Armed Forces),
93
Joint Plan of Action (JPOA),
1
,
2–3
,
64–66
joint ventures,
113
JPMorgan Chase,
152
JPOA.
See
Joint Plan of Action
al-Jubeir, Adel,
128
Kadir, Abdul,
127–28
Kandahar (Afghanistan),
52–53
Kano (Nigeria), Hezbollah presence in,
141–42
,
144
Karaj (Iran),
147
Karine A
(ship),
57
Karmon, Ely,
143
Karroubi, Mehdi,
43
Karzai, Hamid,
51–52
Kayhan
(IRGC newspaper),
152–53
Kerry, John,
168
al-Khalifa, Khaled bin Ahmad,
33
al-Khalifa family (Bahrain),
32–33
,
34
Khamenei, Ali: Ahmadinejad vs.,
134–35
; cyber policies controlled by,
159
; cyber warfare supported by,
154
; Egypt-Iran relations and,
29–30
; Hamas and,
56
; Islamic revolution concept supported by,
23
; Islamic State and,
47–48
; on Israel’s elimination,
58
; North Korea–Iran alliance and,
102
; Obama secret letter to,
47–48
; Rouhani and,
9
; spiritual legitimacy of,
61
; as supreme leader,
21
,
41–42
,
61
; website of,
158
Khan, Abdul Qadeer,
100
Kharrazi, Kamal,
92
Khartoum (Sudan),
131–32
Khatam al-Anbiya,
105–6
Khatami, Mohammad,
163
Kheir, Yehya Mohammed,
134
al-Khibar (Syria),
102
Khomeini, Ruhollah: assumption of power,
11
,
13
,
18
,
28
; death of,
14
,
21–22
; exile period of,
8
,
12–13
; IRGC conceived by,
15
; Islamic revolution export promoted by,
23–24
,
48–49
; on Israel’s elimination,
59
; nuclear projects rolled back by,
18
; Rouhani as compatriot of,
8
; Soviet support of,
83
; terrorist infrastructure set up by,
48–49
Kim Il-sung,
99
Kim Yong-nam,
102
King’s College (London),
150
Kirchner, Cristina Fernández de,
123–25
Kirchner, Néstor,
123
Kirk, Mark,
5
Kirkuk (Iraq),
16
Kissinger, Henry,
25
Klos-C
(ship),
58
Kuwait,
153
Kyiv (Ukraine),
85
La Paz (Bolivia),
117
Larijani, Mohammad Javad,
43
Latin America, Iranian involvement in: ALBA,
109–10
,
118
,
127
; in Argentina,
122–25
; in Bolivia,
109–10
,
117–18
; in Brazil,
120–22
; diplomatic offensive,
115–16
,
121
; economic arrangements,
23
,
115
; in Ecuador,
118–20
; embassies,
115
; Hezbollah and,
110
,
113–14
,
122
; illicit ventures,
112–13
,
119–20
; Iran’s objectives,
125–27
; security arrangements,
23
,
113
,
119
; terrorist attacks,
116
,
122–23
,
124
,
127–28
; trade,
115
,
118
,
120
,
121
,
124
; U.S. response to,
127–30
; in Venezuela,
110–14
Latin America, Nonaligned Movement in,
23
Latvia,
75
Lavrov, Sergei,
81
Lebanon: fighters from, in Syria,
39
; Hezbollah as economic force in,
75
; Hezbollah as Iranian proxy force in,
14
,
24
; as Iran’s border,
42
; tunnel system in,
101
; Venezuelan militants trained in,
114
.
See also
Hezbollah
lebensraum
(living space),
60–61
Lefebvre, Jeffrey,
137
Levitt, Matthew,
104
Liberia,
142
Libya,
32
Lidegaard, Martin,
77
lithium resources,
117
Lithuania,
75
Los Zetas (Mexican drug cartel),
128
Luft, Gal,
107
Luhansk (Ukraine),
86
Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio,
120
,
121
Macedonia,
75
Mahdi (malware),
151
Majles (Iranian parliament),
17
malware,
148–51
Manama (Bahrain),
34
Manta (Ecuador),
119
Margarita Island (Venezuela),
114