Joan: The Mysterious Life of the Heretic Who Became a Saint (22 page)

Notes

NOTES TO CHAPTER ONE: OF WAR AND OCCUPATION

On Jacques d’Arc and the family, see esp. Pernoud and Clin,
Joan of Arc,
221–22. On the name Darc or d’Arc, see esp. Doncoeur, in
Nouvelles Littéraires,
no. 1198 (1950). On the children of Jacques and Isabelle, see de Bouteiller and de Braux,
Nouvelles récherches,
3–46, and Morel, “La noblesse de la famille.”

In my country: Trial session, Feb. 21, 1431.

On Joan’s age: According to a sworn statement made by her childhood friend Hauviette on January 28, 1456, Joan was “three or four years older than I” (Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:275), and Hauviette was born in 1411. If, then, Joan was born in 1407 or 1408, she would have been not nineteen but twenty-three or twenty-four at the time of her death. Perhaps we should be as unfussy about the matter as were Joan and her contemporaries. In any case, the weight of evidence for Joan’s birth in 1412 is persuasive; see, for example, Pernoud and Clin, 27–29.

historiographers and chroniclers: Pernoud, 27.

faithful Catholics: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:253.

Sometimes she went off: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:253.

good and sweet: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:275, 185.

When I was sick: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:280.

willingly gave alms: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:282.

NOTES TO CHAPTER TWO: VISIONS

On the Great Western Schism, see, for example, McBrien,
Lives of the Popes,
248ff. Bloated with pride: Fatula,
Catherine of Siena’s Way,
189.

a voice from God…a great deal of light: Joan spoke of her voices and visions extensively, for the first time, under interrogation (on Feb. 22, 1431, the second day of her trial).

I do not recognize: Feb. 27, 1431.

she said she would do better: Mar. 3, 1431.

I hear voices: Shaw,
Saint Joan,
59.

The image of Christ spoke to him: Armstrong, Hellmann, and Short,
Francis of Assisi,
2:76, 249.

I saw the Lord: Isaiah 6:1–8.

Every idea of Him: Lewis,
Letters to Malcolm,
84.

NOTES TO CHAPTER THREE: TOMORROW, NOT LATER

working around: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:296.

She said she had come: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:305.

the only time she disobeyed: March 12, 1431.

On the history of Joan in art see, for example, Pernoud and Clin,
Joan of Arc,
242–43. as long as it should be pleasing: Joan, at the eighth session of her trial (May 12, 1431).

She then said: See Pernoud’s rendering, Pernoud and Clin, 38.

For the dialogue between Joan and Jean de Metz, see Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:289–90. For Catherine Le Royer’s recollections, see Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:298.

Tomorrow rather than later:
Plutôt aujourd’hui que demain; et demain que plus tard
: Testimony of Jean de Metz: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:290.

There is an ongoing debate about the precise date of Joan’s departure from Vaucouleurs and her arrival at Chinon; the dates given here may be the most likely

Joan’s letters to her parents and to Charles VII have not survived, but they are mentioned, respectively, at the trial sessions of Mar. 12 and Feb. 27, 1431.

NOTES TO CHAPTER FOUR: ARMOR AND A HOUSEHOLD

Jean Fouquet’s portrait of Charles VII hangs in the Louvre.

turned upside down: From Chastellain’s
Chroniques,
cited in Pernoud and Clin,
Joan of Arc,
167.

My most eminent Lord: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:326.

radiant: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:400.

I was continuously: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:364.

She asked me: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:386–87.

She spoke in: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:471–72.

On the lost documents from the Poitiers interrogation, see Wood, “Joan of Arc’s Mission.”

The king should not reject: Quicherat,
Procès de condamnation,
3:391–92.

became part of her mission: Wood, “Joan of Arc’s Mission,” 21; see also Pernoud and Clin,
Joan of Arc,
235–36.

Of Joan’s letter to the English commanders at Orléans, there are several versions with minor variations: the edition inserted into the condemnation transcript is in ms. 1119 at the Bibliothèque de l’Assemblée Nationale, Paris; another is found in the
Journal du Siège d’Orléans;
and a third is in Thomassin’s
Régistre Delphinal.
The latter two may be read in Quicherat,
Procès de condamnation.

She should have: Willard,
Christine de Pizan,
150.

I am indebted to Jean-Claude Colrat,
Compagnons d’armes,
for much of the historical background of ranks, arms, companions, etc.

Joan’s parents: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:388ff.

Twice a day: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:474ff.

[Joan’s] imposition: Nicolle,
Orléans 1429,
24.

I heard many: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:370.

NOTES TO CHAPTER FIVE: THE NEW DEBORAH

On Orléans, its siege and history, see esp. Pernoud and Clin,
Joan of Arc,
226–27.

To describe this series: Nicolle,
Orléans 1429,
30. The siege of Orléans and its relief have been voluminously chronicled in contemporary writings and a vast literature in the last five centuries. A good and accurate treatment, with helpful maps, has been published by Nicolle, to whose work—as to that of Frances Gies—I am much indebted in this chapter.

Are you the bastard: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:318.

On the matter of Joan’s religious mission, see esp. Hughson, “Joan, L’Agent Provocateur,” 59–62. On Joan’s appeal to others’ loyalty, see DeVries, “A Woman as Leader of Men.” On the religious devotion of Joan’s time, DeVries offers a helpful bibliography at the end of his essay.

she brought action: DeVries, “A Woman as Leader of Men,” 8. Like it or not: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:327, 319.

They regained their courage: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:321 and 4:6. and all the people: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:332 and 4:17–18.

NOTES TO CHAPTER SIX: “I WON’T FLY AWAY!”

to the king…(and the footnote): Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:321.

Joan, won’t you please: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:323.

Daughter of God: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:323. The original fifteenth-century French, recalled by Dunois, has retained a much-loved place in Joan’s history: “
Fille Dé, va, va, va, je serai à ton aide, va.
”

Don’t worry: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:384.

certain that God: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:383.

It had seemed premature: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:384.

She said she was afraid: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:279.

When he came toward me: Trial session of Mar. 3, 1431.

Some of the details of the coronation were given in a letter to Charles’s wife, Marie d’Anjou, and her mother, Yolande d’Aragon: dated at Reims, July 17, 1429. See Colrat,
Compagnons d’armes,
vol. 1.

evokes the grandeur: Pernoud and Clin,
Joan of Arc,
68.

On Christine de Pisan’s “Le Ditié de Jehanne d’Arc,” see Kennedy and Varty, eds.,
Ditié de Jehanne d’Arc.

On the views of Joan’s claims and the integrity of nations, see Nash-Marshall, “On the Fate of Nations,” and the same author’s
Joan of Arc: A Spiritual Biography,
143–64.

light to the gentiles: see, for example, Isaiah 42:6 and 49:6; Acts of the Apostles 13:47 and 26:23.

NOTES TO CHAPTER SEVEN: A LEAP OF FAITH

I wish it were God’s will: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:325 and 4:10.

The maid took: Perceval de Cagny, cited in Pernoud and Clin,
Joan of Arc,
81.

We desire to offer: For the proclamation of ennoblement of Joan and her family, see Quicherat,
Procès de condamnation,
5:150–53.

She mounted her horse: From Chastellain’s
Chroniques,
cited in Pernoud and Clin,
Joan of Arc,
86.

During that time: Cited in Pernoud and Clin,
Joan of Arc,
87.

The Maid performed: Pernoud and Clin,
Joan of Arc,
87.

By the pleasure: Pernoud and Clin,
Joan of Arc,
90.

Help yourself: Mar. 15, 1431.

On Joan’s ransom and the delay of the Duke of Luxembourg, see Nash-Marshall,
Joan of Arc,
132–35.

On her leap from the tower of Beaurevoir: Trial session of Mar. 3, 1431.

several times in prison (“
plusieurs fois en prison,
” etc.): Témoin du Sire Aimon de Macy, May 7, 1456 (in Paris): Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
4:86.

the English money: “
Achat de monnaie d’or pour solder le prix de la Pucelle,
” letters dated Oct. 24 and Dec. 6, 1430: Quicherat,
Procès de condamnation,
5:190–92.

for service to the king: “
Indemnité à Pierre Cauchon pour les négociations qui précédèrent l’achat de la Pucelle,
” letter dated Jan. 31, 1431: Quicherat,
Procès de condamnation,
5:194–95.

On the different ways in which Joan was assessed by Charles VII and by the English, see the important re flections by Nash-Marshall,
Joan of Arc,
138–40.

NOTES TO CHAPTER EIGHT: CUNNING AND CLOTHES

They were Englishmen of the lowest sort: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:431 (my translation). Details of Joan’s cell, her shackles and her guards were provided by several witnesses at the nullification trial, most notably Massieu.

Still, some of the men: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:426.

On the formal course of trial by Inquisition, see Tavard,
Spiritual Way of St. Jeanne d’Arc,
187.

I see clearly: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:431.

I was compelled: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:417–18.

That put me: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:431.

after seeing: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:430.

As I saw it then: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:205.

wanted to get out: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:228.

Everyone was either: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:460.

Everything was done: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:221.

If the English had: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:240.

We shall ignore him: cited (without attribution) in Scott,
Trial of Joan of Arc,
11.

When the lord of Beauvais: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:432.

During the trial: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:421.

Apparel should be consistent: Aquinas,
Summa Theologica
, II, ii, 169, art. 2, reply to objection 3.

A man should never: Hildegard of Bingen,
Mystical Visions,
book 2, vision 6, 77.

She repeatedly said: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:181, 426–27. In her manner: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:233f.

They convened long hours: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:448–49. multum stupefacti: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:436.

NOTES TO CHAPTER NINE: A DRESS FOR A MASS

God did not say: Colledge and Walsh,
Julian of Norwich,
165.

NOTES TO CHAPTER TEN: A MATTER OF HONOR

Jean d’Estivet led me: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:349.

Warwick said that Joan: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:351.

I just left the room: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:457.

Jean de Luxembourg wanted: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:405–6.

For the censures of the University of Paris and the subsequent admonition, see the original Latin texts in Quicherat,
Procès de condamnation,
1:414–42.

Here are the judges: The abjuration proceedings are preserved in Quicherat,
Procès de condamnation,
1:442–53.

What she signed: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:433.

lifelong imprisonment: Quicherat,
Procès de condamnation,
1:452.

My lord, have no fear: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:243.

They tore off her dress: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:209.

I never intended: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:445.

She received: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:443.

Joan, go in peace: Jean Massieu (Dec. 17, 1455): Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:435. She never ceased: Martin Ladvenu (1452): Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:196.

NOTES TO THE AFTERWORD

I was anxious: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:428.

I wish that my soul: Barrett,
Trial of Jeanne d’Arc,
436, and Pernoud and Clin,
Joan of Arc,
207.

We are lost: Duparc,
Procès en nullité,
1:454.

the just punishment: Barrett,
Trial of Jeanne d’Arc,
374ff.

Her brief appearance: Duby,
France in the Middle Ages,
295.