Joseph E. Persico (71 page)

“doubtless great numbers of them. . . .”: Ernest B. Furgurson, “Back Channels,”
Washingtonian,
vol. 31 (June 1996).

“I think the most effective fifth column work . . .”: PSF Box 97.

“that ground glass had been found. . . .”: Morton Grodzins,
Americans Betrayed,
p. 402.

“The very fact that no sabotage. . . .”: Andrew, p. 128.

“The necessity for mass evacuation. . . .”: ibid., pp. 127–28.

“about the craziest proposition. . . .”: Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 99.

As a consequence: James MacGregor Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 267.

“The President never ‘thinks'. . . .”: Larrabee, p. 644.

“magnificent but distant deity. . . .”: W. A. Swanberg, “The Spies Who Came in from the Sea,”
American Heritage,
April 1970.

“I do not think he was much. . . .”: Goodwin, p. 322.

“In the present great war. . . .”: MR Box 163.

Over 11,000 American residents: James Brooke, “After Silence, Italians Recall the Internment,”
New York Times,
Aug. 11, 1997.

“These interned nationals are. . . .”: “Roundup,”
Dateline,
NBC News, Sept. 4, 1998.

chapter xii: intramural spy wars

The French luxury liner: Robert E. Sherwood,
Roosevelt and Hopkins,
p. 501.

“[T]he long arm of. . . .”: ibid.

“I do know the facts. . . .”: ibid., p. 960.

Not saboteurs, but: PSF Box 59.

“Vincent Astor telephoned me yesterday. . . .”: PSF Box 92.

“[T]he President gave his approval. . . .”: ibid.

Astor's duties shifted: Ernest B. Furgurson, “Back Channels,”
Washingtonian,
vol. 31 (June 1996); PSF Box 92.

By now, FDR was using Carter: Nathan Miller,
Spying for America,
p. 237.

“I have no corresponding. . . .”: PSF Box 98.

Carter thereafter asked FDR: PSF Box 97.

“In order to facilitate the execution. . . .”: ibid.

“I think it is better. . . .”: ibid.

Early in 1942, Congress: Christopher Andrew,
For the President's Eyes Only,
p. 128.

Agents of foreign governments: H. Montgomery Hyde,
Room 3603,
p. 163.

The bill drew no distinction: ibid.

Bill Stephenson, as head of: ibid., p. 104.

Adolf Berle, given by FDR: Adolf Berle Papers, Box 67, FDRL.

“the code to anyone. . . .”: Berle Papers, Box 213.

“Though it is not possible to say. . . .”: Andrew, p. 128.

Berle not only supported: Hyde, p. 104.

“I do not see that any of us. . . .”: Berle Papers, Box 67.

“No one has given us any. . . .”: Berle Papers, Box 2B.

As the McKellar bill was coming: Hyde, p. 104.

Tully was filling in as hostess: Day-by-Day, Jan. 27, 1942.

“If our reading of the bill. . . .”: M 1642; NA memo from William J. Donovan to FDR, Jan. 6, 1942.

FDR signed the amended version: Hyde, p. 165.

The FBI had learned that a BSC: Berle Papers, Box 28.

“It developed,” Berle noted: Berle Papers, Box 213.

chapter xiii: premier secret of the war

“If atomic bombs could be made. . . .”: Eric Larrabee,
Commander in Chief,
p. 646.

Before they left the White House: ibid., p. 645.

He was given to tortured locutions: Alexander Sachs Papers, Box 1, FDRL.

“. . . [I]t may be possible to set up. . . .”: ibid.

That Wednesday afternoon he waited: James MacGregor Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
pp. 249–50.

He saucily reminded the President: John Gunther,
Roosevelt in Retrospect,
p. 304.

He caught the President's attention: Richard Rhodes,
The Making of the Atomic Bomb,
p. 313.

“. . . [T]here is no doubt. . . .”: ibid., p. 314.

“Alex, what you are after. . . .”: ibid.

“This requires action”: ibid.

FDR sent Einstein a thank-you note: PSF Box 5.

“the most dangerous possible German. . . .”: Thomas Powers,
Heisenberg's War,
p. vii.

“As large as a pineapple”: Rhodes, p. 404.

“the measures, the sums of money. . . .”: ibid.

Heisenberg indicated: ibid.

“the idea quite obviously strained. . . .”: ibid.

In America, Roosevelt assigned: Brian Loring Villa, “The Atomic Bomb and the Normandy Invasion,”
Perspectives in American History
2 (1977–1978), p. 467.

“The boss wants it. . . .”: Gunther, p. 304.

“so much more secret. . . .”: John Morton Blum,
Years of War, 1941–1945: From the Morgenthau Diaries,
p. 13.

In August the President approved: Rhodes, p. 251.

“Grace, this is red hot. . . .”: Grace Tully,
F.D.R., My Boss,
pp. 265–66.

“I can't tell you what. . . .”: ibid., p. 266.

“a hazardous matter. . . .”: Villa, pp. 468–69.

“Whatever the enemy may be. . . .”: Larrabee, p. 647.

“[W]e as a group are. . . .”: ibid.

chapter xiv: enter the oss

Within six months: Bradley F. Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 128.

“Being a writer by trade. . . .”: Michael Warner and Robert Louis Benson, “Venona and Beyond,”
Intelligence and National Security,
vol. 12, no. 3 (July 1997), p. 9.

“Bill Donovan wants to take over. . . .”: PSF Box 147; Adolf Berle Papers, Box 213, FDRL.

On January 16, 1942, the President: PSF Box 147; Leslie B. Rout Jr. and John F. Bratzel,
The Shadow War,
p. 39.

“In order to give privacy. . . .”: PSF Box 148.

Captain Denebrink's report: Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 118.

“Donovan has been a thorn. . . .”: William B. Breuer,
Hoodwinking Hitler,
p. 68.

Strong veritably glowed hot: Anthony Cave Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 304.

In Strong's eyes, the honorary colonel: PSF Box 149.

“Stanley, not a word . . . !”: Stanley Lovell,
Of Spies and Stratagems,
pp. 182, 183.

Yet, he drove his security: ibid., p. 182.

“To exclude this agency. . . .”: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 313.

“. . . [T]he Russians are today. . . .”: James MacGregor Burns,
Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom,
p. 230.

Churchill believed the Allies: ibid., p. 235.

“From reliable sources . . .”: Timothy P. Mulligan, “According to Colonel Donovan: A Document from the Records of German Intelligence,”
The Historian,
vol. 46, no. 1 (November 1983), p. 85.

He tried to get into the South Pacific: Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 195.

“They'll absorb you. . . .”: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 236.

“I asked whether he had. . . .”: Berle Papers, Box 214.

“I had some ideas on that subject. . . .”: ibid.

Donovan had left the country: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 236.

The shake-up included: ibid., p. 235.

“You are aware of course. . . .”: POF 4485.

But with it jettisoned: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 235.

The JCS thus agreed to absorb: Smith,
The Shadow Warriors,
p. 119. Brown, p. 237.

“[T]hese admirals and generals might. . . .”: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 238.

Roosevelt managed to reverse: Breuer, pp. 68–69; Curt Gentry,
J. Edgar Hoover,
p. 267.

Its codebreakers had begun to crack: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 299; Christopher Andrew and David Dilks, eds.,
The Missing Dimension,
p. 246.

This intelligence formed part: Polmar and Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 368.

Subsequent intercepts showed: Christopher Andrew,
For the President's Eyes Only,
p. 125.

On the morning of June 4: Warren F. Kimball,
Churchill & Roosevelt,
p. 507.

“essentially a victory. . . .”: Andrew and Dilks, p. 147.

The Japanese were handed: Eric Larrabee,
Commander in Chief,
p. 386.

But FDR was far too shrewd: ibid.

With all this public uproar: ibid.

As to the secret: H. Montgomery Hyde,
Room 3603,
p. 214.

“Japan and the islands. . . .”: Andrew, pp. 132–33.

On another occasion Carter: ibid., p. 133.

“There has been a suggestion. . . .”: PSF Box 98.

“. . . [W]e could convince the mass. . . .”: ibid.

“I do not feel. . . .”: ibid.

“Gerald Haxton. . . .”: ibid.

This information could then: ibid.

“I see no reason. . . .”: ibid.

FDR wanted simply to cut off: ibid.

Hanfstaengl was interned: Ernest B. Furgurson, “Back Channels,”
Washingtonian,
vol. 31 (June 1996); Brown, pp. 210–11.

But he did arrange for Carter: Carter Collection, Oral History, pp. 4–5, FDRL.

“Well why don't you come . . .?”: ibid., p. 10.

“What do you think on earth . . .?”: ibid., p. 12.

“actually knows all these people. . . .”: ibid.

“You can tell. . . .”: ibid.

“confusing anybody's mind. . . .”: Furgurson.

On June 24, FDR: PSF Box 98.

Putzi was to be treated: Brown, p. 211.

“warned me that Hanfstaengl . . .”: Furgurson.

“Of course, there's where you. . . .”: Carter Oral History, p. 14.

“It was just Hanfstaengl. . . .”: ibid., p. 15.

chapter xv: “we are striking back”

“He said that he would not. . . .”: Adolf Berle Papers, Box 214, FDRL.

FDR laughed off the gibe: ibid.

Fortunately for the Western Allies: PSF Box 3.

“the Japanese may be preparing to conduct. . . .”: MR Box 8.

The Japanese would definitely attack: ibid.

“I have information which I believe. . . .”: MR Box 48.

“I believe that we must. . . .”: RG 457 #74682.

The assignment to burglarize: Anthony Cave Brown,
The Last Hero,
pp. 227–28.

The bureau already had three agents: ibid., pp. 229–30; William B. Breuer,
Hoodwinking Hitler,
p. 68.

“I don't believe any single event. . . .”: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 229.

“The Abwehr gets better treatment. . . .”: Curt Gentry,
J. Edgar Hoover,
p. 295.

Donovan had stepped over: ibid.

“No President dare touch. . . .”: Brown,
The Last Hero,
p. 229.

“Reliable source confirms. . . .”: Ladislas Farago,
The Game of the Foxes,
p. 330.

If true that Roosevelt's consciousness: ibid., pp. 298–330.

While held in an Italian prison: Farago, p. 6.

What Hitler wanted from him now: W. A. Swanberg, “The Spies Who Came in from the Sea,”
American Heritage,
April 1970, p. 67.

Thus, in April 1942: ibid., p. 69.

They were provided with drawings: Francis Biddle,
In Brief Authority,
p. 325.

They were to carry high explosives: Swanberg, p. 67.

The teams split: ibid., pp. 67–68.

“This will cost. . . .”: Leon O. Prior, “Nazi Invasion of Florida,”
Florida History Quarterly,
vol. 49, no. 2 (October 1970), p. 132.

“Who are you?”: Swanberg, p. 66.

Instead, Dasch, a garrulous loudmouth: ibid.

In the meantime, the Dasch team: ibid., p. 69.

“obsessive, compulsive, neurotic . . .”: Biddle, p. 326.

A few years before, Burger: Swanberg, p. 68.

Dasch divulged everything: ibid., p. 87.

“at 1:30 a.m. an unarmed Coast Guard. . . .”: PSF Box 57.

“His eyes were bright. . . .”: Biddle, p. 327.

The President agreed, and the press: ibid.

“I had a bad week. . . .”: ibid.

Dasch had, in fact, revealed: Swanberg, p. 87.

“Not enough, Francis. . . .”: Biddle, pp. 327–28.

“The two Americans are guilty. . . .”: PSF Box 56.

“they had not committed any act. . . .”: Biddle, p. 328.

He told Biddle that he wanted: ibid., p. 330.

“[t]hese men had penetrated battlelines. . . .”: POF Box 5036.

“I want one thing. . . .”: Biddle, p. 330.

“Dutch jaw—and when. . . .”: W. Averell Harriman and Elie Abel,
Special Envoy to Churchill and Stalin,
p. 389.

Biddle practically felt: Biddle, p. 330.

“[t]he major violation of the Law of War. . . .”: POF Box 5036.

Thus was born the Double Cross: Farago, p. 176; Breuer, p. 49.

Only one German spy is believed: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen,
Spy Book,
p. 190.

On July 2 the President: Prior, p. 137.

FDR wanted his own man: Biddle, p. 331.

On June 8 the prisoners: Swanberg, p. 89.

Enterprising vendors soon were doing: Biddle, p. 333.

The trial was held: Swanberg, p. 88.

A disgusted Hoover: Biddle, p. 333.

August 8 was set: Swanberg, p. 91.

He commenced his ceremonial role: Robert E. Sherwood,
Roosevelt and Hopkins,
p. 115.

By 1:04 p.m., the work was completed: Swanberg, p. 91.

Where, Mrs. Rosenman asked: Samuel I. Rosenman,
Working with Roosevelt,
pp. 352–53.

“Suggest you close the casket. . . .”: ibid., p. 354.

The saboteurs were subsequently: Swanberg, p. 91.

“It's high time that we wake up here. . . .”: POF Box 5036.

“We endorse the imposition. . . .”: ibid.

They announced the death: Hoover to Hopkins, Aug. 26, 1942, FDRL.

“Have you pretty well cleaned . . .?”: PSF Box 57.

Again, according to young Roosevelt: James Roosevelt,
My Parents,
p. 100.