Julius Caesar (28 page)

Carnegie, David,
Julius Caesar
. The Shakespeare Handbooks Series (2009). Basic introduction with detailed commentary and discussion of key productions.

Dean, Leonard F., ed.,
Twentieth Century Interpretations of Julius Caesar
(1968). Useful collection of early authoritative contributions.

Del Sapio Garbero, Maria, ed.,
Identity, Otherness and Empire in Shakespeare’s Rome
(2009). Ch. 3, “Antony’s Ring: Remediating Ancient Rhetoric on the Elizabethan Stage,” discusses
Julius Caesar
.

Hamer, Mary,
William Shakespeare: Julius Caesar
. Writers and Their Work series (1998). Argues the play is a critique of martial, masculine Roman culture.

Kahn, Coppélia,
Roman Shakespeare: Warrior, Wounds, and Women
(1997). Influential feminist reading; ch. 5 is on
Julius Caesar
, pp. 77–109.

Miles, Geoffrey,
Shakespeare and the Constant Romans
(1996). Analyzes Roman Stoicism and Montaigne’s critique of this and the way Shakespeare represents these debates onstage.

Miola, Robert,
Shakespeare’s Rome
(1983). Influential study focusing on Shakespeare’s changing conception of Rome and code of military honor; ch. 4 is on
Julius Caesar
, pp. 76–115.

Parker, Barbara,
Plato’s Republic and Shakespeare’s Rome: A Political Study of the Roman Works
(2004). Reads the plays in terms of political decline in Shakespeare’s England; ch. 4 discusses
Julius Caesar
, pp. 74–91.

Ronan, Clifford,
“Antike Roman”: Power Symbology and the Roman Play in Early Modern England 1585–1635
(1995). Traces the stage history of Roman plays.

Thomas, Vivian,
Shakespeare’s Roman Worlds
(1989). Useful on background and sources; detailed discussion of
Julius Caesar
in ch. 2, pp. 40–92.

Thomas, Vivian,
Julius Caesar
. Harvester New Critical Introductions to Shakespeare (1992). Good basic introduction.

Wilson, Richard,
Julius Caesar
. Penguin Critical Studies (1992). Concise, sophisticated introduction to the play.

Wilson, Richard, ed.,
Julius Caesar
. New Casebooks (2002). Scholarly, informed.

Zander, Horst, ed.,
Julius Caesar: New Critical Essays
(2005). Useful, wideranging collection of recent essays.

Bevington, David, and Holland, Peter (eds.),
Julius Caesar
, Shakespeare in Performance Series (2007). Accessible introduction plus text with accompanying CD.

David, Richard,
Shakespeare in the Theatre
(1978). Provides analysis of several key productions of the 1970s, which are obviously a little outdated, but the discussion is nonetheless useful as a way of understanding the play.

Dawson, Anthony B.,
Watching Shakespeare: A Playgoers’ Guide
(1988). Excellent guide for the theatergoer interested in the acting and directorial dilemmas presented by Shakespeare’s plays, with a chapter on
Julius Caesar
.

Redgrave, Corin,
Julius Caesar
, Actors on Shakespeare Series (2002). Perceptive personal account of three productions in which he participated as actor/director.

Ripley, John,
Julius Caesar on Stage in England and America, 1599–1973
(1980). Thorough, detailed, an invaluable resource.

Smallwood, Robert, ed.,
Players of Shakespeare 4
(1998). Includes interview with John Nettles on playing Brutus.

Julius Caesar
, directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz (1953, DVD 2006). With a star-studded cast and four Oscars: full of interest and works despite different acting styles of James Mason as Brutus, John Gielgud as Cassius, and Marlon Brando as Mark Antony. Black and white.

Julius Caesar
, directed by Herbert Wise for the BBC Shakespeare series (1979, DVD 2005). Well-spoken version with Richard Pasco a decent Brutus, Keith Michell a thrilling Mark Antony, and Charles Gray a self-important Caesar.

Julius Caesar
, directed by Yuli Kulakov with screenplay by Leon Garfield,
The Animated Tales
(1994, DVD 2007). Excellent cartoon version, voiced by Joss Ackland as Caesar, Hugh Quarshie as Cassius, David Robb as Brutus, and Jim Carter as Mark Antony.

1.
E. K. Chambers,
The Elizabethan Stage
(1923), Vol. II, p. 365.

2.
Leonard Digges, in a prefatory poem to
Shakespeare’s Poems
(1640).

3.
Julius Caesar: A Tragedy
(c. 1684).

4.
Colley Cibber, quoted in John Ripley,
Julius Caesar on Stage in England and America 1599–1793
(1980), p. 20.

5.
Quoted in Ripley,
Julius Caesar on Stage
, pp. 23–24.

6.
The London Stage
, Vol. II, p. 231.

7.
Ripley,
Julius Caesar on Stage
, p. 26.

8.
Quoted in Ripley,
Julius Caesar on Stage
, p. 29.

9.
Quoted in David Daniell, ed.,
Julius Caesar
(1998), p. 105.

10.
Ripley,
Julius Caesar on Stage
, p. 78.

11.
Andrea J. Nouryeh, “Shakespeare and the Japanese Stage,”
Foreign Shakespeare
(1993), p. 254.

12.
Charles H. Shattuck,
Shakespeare on the American Stage
(1976), p. 146.

13.
Season
(New York), 30 December 1871.

14.
Stratford-upon-Avon Herald
, 26 April 1889.

15.
Stratford-upon-Avon Herald
, 26 April 1889.

16.
Quoted in Ralph Berry, “The Imperial Theme,”
Shakespeare and the Victorian Stage
(1986), p. 155.

17.
Berry, “The Imperial Theme,” p. 156.

18.
Stratford-upon-Avon Herald
, 22 April 1892.

19.
Birmingham Mail
, 26 April 1911.

20.
Daily Graphic
, 3 May 1916.

21.
Stratford-upon-Avon Herald
, 8 August 1919.

22.
Stratford-upon-Avon Herald
, 21 April 1922.

23.
Birmingham Gazette
, 20 April 1934.

24.
Birmingham Evening Despatch
, 20 April 1934.

25.
Birmingham Evening Despatch
, 20 April 1934.

26.
Richard France, ed.,
Orson Welles on Shakespeare
(1990), p. 103.

27.
France,
Orson Welles on Shakespeare
, p. 106.

28.
Ripley,
Julius Caesar on Stage
, p. 268.

29.
Daniell,
Julius Caesar
, p. 112.

30.
Eric Bentley,
New Republic
, 3 August 1953.

31.
Library Journal
, 15 June 1953.

32.
Robert F. Willson Jr.,
Shakespeare in Hollywood 1929–1956
(2000), p. 148.

33.
The Times
(London), 3 May 1950.

34.
Manchester Guardian
, 4 May 1950.

35.
Birmingham Post
, 4 May 1950.

36.
Birmingham Evening Despatch
, 30 May 1957.

37.
Financial Times
, 29 May 1957.

38.
Yorkshire Post
, 30 May 1957.

39.
Rohan Quince,
Shakespeare in South Africa
(2000), p. 60.

40.
Wilhelm Hortmann,
Shakespeare on the German Stage: The Twentieth Century
(1998), p. 207.

41.
John Pettigrew and Jamie Portman,
Stratford: The First Thirty Years
(1985), Vol. II, p. 148.

42.
Pettigrew and Portman,
Stratford: The First Thirty Years
, p. 253.

43.
Birmingham Post
, 23 March 1977.

44.
Daily Telegraph
, 24 March 1977.

45.
Guardian
, 24 March 1977.

46.
Susan Willis,
The BBC Shakespeare Plays
(1991), pp. 197–98.

47.
Guardian
, 29 May 1999.

48.
Telegraph
, 28 May 1999.

49.
Independent
, 28 May 1999.

50.
Observer
, 24 April 2005.

51.
Independent
, 22 April 2005.

52.
Sunday Telegraph
, 24 April 2005.

53.
Roger Warren,
Julius Caesar
, RSC program note, 2001.

54.
Tom Matheson, “Royal Caesar,” in
Julius Caesar: New Critical Essays
, ed. Horst Zander (2004).

55.
Fran Thompson, “Designing Caesar,” in
Julius Caesar
, RSC Education Pack (1993).

56.
Ian Hogg in interview with Diane Parkes,
Evening Mail
, 6 July 2001.

57.
Anthony B. Dawson,
Watching Shakespeare: A Playgoers’ Guide
(1988).

58.
Ripley,
Julius Caesar on Stage
.

59.
Matheson, “Royal Caesar.”

60.
T. C. Worsley,
Financial Times
, 10 April 1963.

61.
Malcolm Rutherford,
Spectator
, 19 April 1963.

62.
Sandra L. Williamson, ed.,
Shakespearean Criticism
, Vol. 17, 1992.

63.
A quote from Labour Party leader Michael Foot condoning political murder made for a minor controversy in
The Times
.

64.
Roger Warren,
Shakespeare Quarterly
, Winter 1983.

65.
Williamson,
Shakespearean Criticism
.

66.
Better known as
Triumph of the Will
, this film by Leni Riefenstahl was a monumental piece of filmmaking and a prime example of the power of propaganda. A hypnotic account of the massive 1934 Nazi party rally in Nuremberg, it glorified Nazi pageantry and deified Adolf Hitler. It also earned her a place in film history and the status of a postwar pariah.

67.
A play by Bertolt Brecht inspired by the German invasion of Poland, but set during the Thirty Years War in the late seventeenth century; stagings are invariably of a bleak, inhospitable, war-torn world.

68.
Martin Dodsworth,
Times Literary Supplement
, 15 April 1983.

69.
Dominique Goy-Blanquet,
Times Literary Supplement
, 17 April 1987.

70.
He was Hitler’s chief architect in Nazi Germany and in 1942 became the minister of armaments in Hitler’s cabinet.

71.
John Peter,
Sunday Times
, 12 April 1987.

72.
Fran Thompson, “Designing Caesar,”
Julius Caesar
, RSC Education Pack (1993).

73.
Alastair Macaulay,
Financial Times
, 7 August 1993.

74.
David Thacker in interview with Sarah Hemming,
Independent
, 27 July 1993.

75.
Thompson, “Designing Caesar.”

76.
Benedict Nightingale,
The Times
(London), 7 July 1993.

77.
Benedict Nightingale,
The Times
(London), 22 October 2004.

78.
Dominic Cavendish,
Daily Telegraph
, 22 October 2004.

79.
Michael Billington,
Guardian
, 22 October 2004.

80.
Dawson,
Watching Shakespeare
.

81.
“Caesar, thou art revenged, / Even with the sword that killed thee” (5.3.46–47); “O Julius Caesar, thou art mighty yet, / Thy spirit walks abroad” (5.3.99–100); “Caesar, now be still: / I killed not thee with half so good a will” (5.5.55–56).

82.
J. C. Trewin,
Illustrated London News
, 13 April 1968.

83.
Benedict Nightingale,
New Statesman
, 12 May 1972.

84.
Williamson,
Shakespearean Criticism
.

85.
Richard David,
Shakespeare in the Theatre
(1978).

86.
Michael Billington,
Guardian
, 13 May 1972.

87.
J. M. Maguin,
Cahiers Elisabethains
, No. 32, October 1987.

88.
James Rigney, “Stage Worlds of Julius Caesar,” in
Julius Caesar: New Critical Essays
, ed. Horst Zander (2004).

89.
Ian Hogg in interview with Diane Parkes,
Evening Mail
, 6 July 2001.

90.
Terry Hands, who directed
Julius Caesar
in 1987, in interview with Clare Colvin,
Drama
, No. 164, 1987.

91.
Charles Spencer,
Daily Telegraph
, 1 November 1991.

92.
Michael Coveney,
Observer
, 3 November 1991.

93.
Mike Paterson, “Julius Caesar,” in
Shakespeare in Performance
, ed. Keith Parsons and Pamela Mason (1995).

94.
Matheson, “Royal Caesar.”

95.
Michael Billington,
Guardian
, 7 July 1995.

96.
A mighty female warrior, one of the Valkyries, and a heroine from the German epics, especially in the
Nibelungen
saga, in which she is an Icelandic princess.

97.
Matheson, “Royal Caesar.”

98.
Peter Roberts,
Plays and Players
, June 1968.