Life in a Medieval City (35 page)

Priscian, 159

prison, 203

The Prophets
, 186, 189

prostitution, 86, 212, 215

Provençal (language), 166

Provence, 4, 5, 11, 245

“Provinois of the Senate” (coin), 220

Provins, frontispiece, 8, 12, 20, 23, 24, 31, 35, 42–43, 52, 99, 107, 108, 120, 130, 134, 177, 211, 216, 218, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225, 233

provost, 93, 108, 203

Psalter Map, 240

Putemonnaie, Sire Herbert, 108

quadrivium
(
see
liberal arts)

Quem quaeritis
trope, 184, 185

Ragnegisile, bishop of Troyes, 155

Raising of Lazarus
, 186

Rashi (Salomon ben Isaac) of Troyes, 94

recreations, 63–67

Reims, 4, 17, 18, 201, 219, 226

cathedral of, 137, 140, 141, 148

relics, 91, 92, 126–130, 148, 191

Renard le Contrefait, 34

rhetoric, 159, 161

Rhône, 5, 141

Riccardi company, 244

ritual murder, 95

roads, I, 23–25

Robert, bishop of Troyes, 135

Robert, count of Vermandois, 232

Robert de Sorbon, 120

Robert le Bougre, 134

Robert of Artois, 65

Robert of Blois, 56–57, 233, 235

Robert of Normandy, 119

Robert the Pious, king of France, 58

Roc Amadour, 131

romances, 178–182

Roman de la Rose
, 177, 233

Roman de Renard
, 109, 117–178, 199

Roman Empire, 2, 3, 5

Romans, 1, 2, 9, 11, 25, 88, 145, 196

rose of Provins, 52

Rouen, 6, 21, 23, 31

cathedral of, 148

routes to the Champagne Fairs (
see
Champagne, Fairs of)

Rû Cordé, 28

Rutebeuf, 98, 169–171

saddlemakers, 88

safe-conduct (
see
guarantees to merchants)

St.-Ayoul, Provins, 120

Fair of, 211, 222

St.-Bernard of Clairvaux, 14, 41, 135, 153, 160, 174, 240

St.-Etienne, Troyes, 32, 54, 106, 190

St.-Frobert, Troyes (former synagogue), 95

St.-Jean, Troyes, 15, 31, 47, 83, 120, 218, 220, 226, 228

Fair of (Hot Fair), 15, 21, 23, 211, 212, 217, 223, 224

St. John, Knights of, 197

St.-Julien-le-Pauvre, Paris, 241

St.-Louis (
see
Louis IX)

St.-Loup (Lupus), bishop of Troyes, 3, 4, 32, 131

St.-Loup, Abbey of, 32, 54, 191, 229, 232

St. Mark, Basilica of, Venice, 16

St.-Omer, 4, 7, 9, 18, 19, 21, 24, 227

St.-Pantaléon, Troyes (former synagogue), 95

St. Peter’s, Rome, 7, 240

St.-Rémi, bishop of Reims, 4

St.-Rémi, Troyes, 15, 120, 211, 244

Fair of (Cold Fair), 15, 21, 211

St. Vitus’ Dance, 115

Sainte-Chapelle, 128, 137

Ste.-Croix, Provins, 130

saints, 126–131

patron, of guilds, 91

Salerno, medical school of, 111, 113

Health Rule of, 118–119

salt, 48, 217

sanitation, 15, 30–31, 44–45, 48, 139

Saône, 25

Saxony, 11

schools (
see
education)

science, 161–163

Seine, 1, 23, 28, 87, 118, 201

Sens, 23

cathedral of, 130, 137

sermons, 47, 71, 73–74, 122–125, 159, 238

servants, 34, 43, 50, 60, 72

Seville, 6, 21

sewage disposal (
see
sanitation)

shilling (
see solidus
)

shoemakers, 83–85, 90

shopping, 47–49, 56

shops, 30, 47–49, 77–85

shorthand, 155

siege, 194–198

Siena, 16, 220

signboards, 48

silk, 216

silver (
see also
mining), 11, 83, 99–100

solidus
(
sou
, shilling), 99–100, 220, 237

Sorbonne, 241

sou
(
see solidus
)

Spain, 5, 24, 25, 113, 219

spices, 15, 31, 44, 48, 217–218, 222, 223, 225, 244

sports (
see
recreations)

“Strada Francesca,” 23

Strasbourg, 21

cathedral, 129, 139

street-cleaning, 30–31

streets, 12, 77

of Troyes, 28, 30–33, 47–48, 83, 87, 93, 97

sugar, 48, 217

Sugar, abbot of St.-Denis, 14, 136, 141

surgeons, 114–115

surnames, 77–79

Sylvester I, pope (Gerbert), 234

synagogue, 95, 125–126

taille
(
see
taxes)

tailors, 77, 89

tanners, 30, 83–85, 226

tapestry, 37

taverns, 86, 212, 215

taxes, 17, 199, 202, 208, 224–225, 235

Templars, order of, 31, 48, 104, 210, 213, 228

textbooks, 109, 113–114, 171, 175, 237

theater, 183–189, 242–243

Theodoric of Lucca, 115

theology, 155, 165, 241

Thibaut I, the Trickster, count of Champagne, 13, 230

Thibaut II, the Great, count of Champagne, 14, 17, 18, 230

Thibaut IV, the Songwriter (
le Chansonnier
), count of Champagne, 18, 19, 20, 21, 52, 106, 125, 130, 132, 134, 167–169, 201–202, 207–208, 224, 231

revenues of, 20–21, 213

Thibaut v, count of Champagne, 231, 236

“Third Estate,” 200, 224

three-field system, 11

timbering, 145, 239

timekeeping, 46, 234

tolls, 25

torture, 133, 203

Toulouse, 21

town council, 53, 199, 200, 202, 204, 207

town watch (
see
police)

toys, 63

translations, 113–114, 161

transportation, 25, 88, 141, 217–218

treaties, commercial, 25

trebuchet, 196

Trencavel, Raymond, viscount of Béziers, 197–198

trial by combat, 205

trial by ordeal, 205

“Tricasses,” I

trivium
(
see
liberal arts)

trope, 184, 185

trouvères, 107, 168, 210 1

Troyes, 1–6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23–33; 26–27 (map); 46, 47, 48, 51, 54, 55, 80, 83, 85, 86–88, 92, 93–97, 98, 99, 100, 102–103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 116, 117–118, 120, 121, 122, 128, 132, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 148, 154, 163, 164, 165, 166–171, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 196, 200, 201, 202, 203, 207–208, 209, 211–223, 224, 225, 226, 228–229, 232, 233, 236

Troy weight, 229

twins, 59

Universities, 53, 113, 159, 164–165, 175, 206, 240–241

University of Bologna, 164, 241, 206

University of Paris, 164–165, 206, 237, 241

Urban IV, pope, 85, 235

valets (
see
journeymen)

Vandals, 3

vaulting, 145–147, 239

vegetables (
see
gardens)

Venice, 10, 13, 15, 16, 21, 31, 132, 149, 200, 215, 223, 227, 245

Verdun, 23

Vermandois, count of, 6, 13, 223

vermin, 45

verse, 159–160, 166–171, 177–182

Vertus, 54

Vézelay, 14

Vienne (city), 25

Vienne (river), 30

Vikings, 6, 7, 9, 32, 135, 227–228

Villard de Honnecourt, 64–65, 137, 140, 146–147, 162–163, 234, 239

Villehardouin, Alix de, 54

Villehardouin, Geoffroy de, 167, 169

Villon, François, 234

Visconti, 227

Viscount, 28

Viscount’s Tower, 28, 228, 233

walls, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14–15, 28, 32, 194–198, 233

warfare, 193–198

water supply, 12, 15

wax, 37, 89, 125, 217

weavers, 34, 91, 92, 100–102, 224

weddings, 70–73

wergeld
, 205

Westminster Abbey, 137

Westminster Palace, 137–138

wheelbarrow, 142

wife-beating, 55

William des Ormes, seneschal of Carcassonne, 197–198

William of Sens, 137

William of the White Hands, archbishop of Reims, 54, 230

wills, 74, 148, 239

Winchester cathedral, 121

wine, 41, 85–86, 118, 156–157, 219

wine criers, 85

women, 47–57

status of, 52–56

wool, 9, 13, 31, 51, 98, 100–103, 216

Yorks, 6, 21, 243

Ypres, 7, 24, 31, 216, 227

Acknowledgments

The authors, who are amateur historians, owe a debt to four professional historians for invaluable criticism and assistance: Dr. Sylvia L. Thrupp, Alice Freeman Palmer professor of history at the University of Michigan; Dr. John F. Benton, professor of history at the California Institute of Technology; Dr. J. Lee Shneidman, assistant professor of history at Adelphi College; and Dr. Peter Riesenberg, professor of history at Washington University, St. Louis. The debt is especially large to John Benton, a leading authority on medieval Champagne, who made many valuable suggestions, supplied otherwise unobtainable reference material, and read the manuscript not once but twice.

Most of the research was done in two great libraries: the Sterling Library of Yale University, and the Newberry Library of Chicago.

Special acknowledgment is due to four people who helped make the construction of a Gothic cathedral come to life: Rowan and Irene Le Compte, stained-glass artists and creators of windows for the Washington Cathedral; and R. T. Feller and John Fanfani, Clerk of the Works and Assistant Clerk of the Works at the Washington Cathedral.

Finally, mention should be made of the numerous French citizens, from archivists to First World War widows in charge of national monuments, who helped us during our research in France.

Copyright

LIFE IN A MEDIEVAL CITY
. Copyright © 1969 by Joseph and Francis C. Gies. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.