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33.
P. H. Ditchfield,
Old
Village
Life,
London, 1920, pp. 104-105.

34.
Platt,
Parish Churches,
pp. 28-29.

35.
W. O. Hassall,
How They Lived:
An Anthology
of Original Accounts Written Before 1485,
New York, 1960, p. 344.

36.
Manning, Handlyng Synne, pp. 217-218.

37.
Moorman,
Church Life
in
England,
pp. 68-70.

38.
Manning,
Handlyng Synne,
pp. 108-109.

39.
Owst, Preaching in Medieval England, p. 170.

40.
Ibid., p. 172.

41.
Myrc,
Instructions for Parish Priests,
p. 9.

42.
Moorman, Church
Life
in England, pp. 79-80.

43.
Owst,
Preaching in Medieval England,
p. 319.

44.
Owst, Literature
and Pulpit,
p. 156.

45.
Owst,
Preaching in Medieval England,
pp. 336-337.

46.
Ibid., p. 339.

47.
Ibid., pp. 341-342.

48.
Pantin, English
Church in the Fourteenth Century,
pp. 199-200.

49.
Myrc, Instructions
for Parish Priests, p.
26.

50.
Ibid., pp. 29-43.

51.
Ibid., pp. 43-48.

52.
Ibid., pp. 1-3.

CHAPTER
9.
VILLAGE JUSTICE

1.
Homans,
English Villagers,
pp. 309-327.

2.
E.M.R., pp. 37-38.

3.
A. E. Levett,
Studies in Manorial History,
Oxford, 1938, p. 111.

4.
Homans, English Villagers, p. 312; E.M.R., pp. 7, 34, 47, 105.

5.
Levett,
Studies in Manorial History,
p. 149.

6.
E.M.R., p. 1.

7.
Levett,
Studies in Manorial History, p.
151.

8.
E.M.R., p. 153.

9.
The
Court Baron, ed.
by F. W. Maitland and W. P. Baildon, London, 1891, p. 27.

10.
Ibid., p. 28.

11.
Homans,
English Villagers,
pp. 315-316.

12.
The Court Baron,
p. 28.

13.
Homans, English Villagers, pp. 314-315.

14.
E.M.R., p. 2.

15.
Martin Pimsler, “Solidarity in the Medieval Village? The Evidence of Personal Pledging at Elton, Huntingdonshire,”
Journal of British Studies
17 (1977), pp. 1-11; Britton,
Community of the Vill, p.
104.

16.
E.M.R., pp. 2-7.

17.
Homans, English
Villagers, p.
315.

18.
E.M.R.,
p. 89.

19.
Ibid., p. 46.

20.
Homans, English Villagers, p. 315.

21.
E.M.R., pp. 30, 89.

22.
Marc Bloch,
Feudal
Society, trans, by L. A. Manyon, Chicago, 1964, vol. 1, p. 271.

23.
E.M.R., p. 5.

24.
Homans, English Villagers, pp. 324-325; John G. Bellamy, Crime
and Public Order
in
the Later Middle Ages,
London, 1973, pp. 90-91.

25.
The Court Baron,
pp. 93-94.

26.
V.C.H. Hunts., vol. 1, p. 159.

27.
E.M.R., p. 3.

28.
Ibid., p. 44.

29.
Ibid., p. 94.

30.
Ibid., p. 31.

31.
Ibid., p. 94.

32.
Ibid., p. 120.

33.
Ibid., p. 197.

34.
Ibid., p. 102.

35.
Ibid., p. 94.

36.
Ibid., p. 189.

37.
Ibid., p. 152.

38.
Ibid., p. 3.

39.
Ibid., p. 152.

40.
Ibid., p. 31.

41.
Gies, Marriage
and the Family,
p. 63; Jean-Louis Flandrin, “Sex in Married Life in the Early Middle Ages,” in Philippe Aries and Andre Béjin, Western
Sexuality,
London, 1985, pp. 140-157.

42.
E.M.R., pp. 31-32.

43.
Ibid., p. 39.

44.
Homans, English Villagers, pp. 312-313.

45.
E.M.R., p. 42.

46.
Mollat,
The Poor in the Middle
Ages, p. 172.

47.
Homans, English
Villagers,
p. 320.

48.
E.M.R., p. 200.

49.
Ibid., p. 299.

50.
Ibid., p. 94.

51.
Ibid., p. 98.

52.
Homans,
English Villagers,
p. 323.

53.
Britton,
Community of the
Vill, pp. 170-171.

54.
E.M.R., p. 153.

55.
Ibid., p. 44.

56.
Ibid., p. 191.

57.
Ibid., p. 146.

58.
Ibid., p. 154.

59.
Ibid., p. 257.

60.
Ibid., p. 154.

61.
Ibid., p. 42.

62.
Mollat,
The Poor
in
the Middle Ages,
p. 171; Duby,
Rural Economy and Country Life,
pp. 253-254.

63.
E.M.R., p. 3.

64.
Ibid., p. 30.

65.
Ibid., p. 247.

66.
Ibid., p. 247.

67.
Ibid., p. 90.

68.
W. O. Ault,
The
Court
Rolls of Ramsey Abbey and the Honour of Clare,
New Haven, 1928, p. xx.

69.
Britton,
Community of the
Vill, pp. 174-175.

70.
Levett, Studies in
Manorial History,
p. 140.

71.
Vinogradoff,
Growth of the Manor,
p. 364.

72.
Bellamy, Crime
and Public Order,
pp. 32-33.

73.
Ibid., p. 33.

74.
Bedfordshire Coroners’ Rolls,
pp. v-ix.

75.
Ibid., pp. 58, 74, 76-77, 89-90.

76.
Ibid.,
passim.; E.M.R., p.
238.

77.
Bellamy, Crime
and Public Order,
p. 30.

78.
Ibid., p. 160.

79.
Ibid., p. 113.

80.
Ibid., p. 87.

81.
Ibid., p. 188.

82.
Bedfordshire Coroners’ Rolls, p.
107.

CHAPTER
10.
THE PASSING OF THE MEDIEVAL VILLAGE

1.
H. C. Darby, “Domesday England,” and R. E. Glasscock, “England Circa 1334,” both in Darby, ed., A
New Historical Geography,
pp. 45-47, 143-145; Hallam, “Population Movements in England, 1086-1350,” in
The
Agrarian History
of England and Wales,
vol. 2, p. 536, gives higher estimates.

2.
J. C. Russell, “Late Medieval Population Patterns,” Speculum 20 (1945), p. 164.

3.
Ian Kershaw, “The Great Famine and Agrarian Crisis in England, 1315-1322,” in Hilton, ed., Peasants,
Knights, and Heretics,
p. 95.

4.
Ibid., pp. 93-94, 102-104.

5.
Alan H. R. Baker, “Changes in the Later Middle Ages,” in Darby, ed., A
New Historical Geography,
pp. 291-318.

6.
E.M.R., p. 337.

7.
Ibid., p. 342.

8.
Ibid., p. 351.

9.
Ibid., p. 359.

10.
Ibid., p. 361.

11.
Ibid., p. 342.

12.
Ibid., p. 364.

13.
Ibid., p. 383.

14.
Ibid., p. 373.

15.
Ibid., p. 373.

16.
Raftis,
Estates of Ramsey Abbey,
p. 253.

17.
R. H. Hilton, Bondmen
Made Free: Medieval
Peasant Movements and
the English Rising of
1381, New York, 1973, p. 147.

18.
Ibid., p. 148.

19.
Ibid., pp. 160-162.

20.
Duby,
Rural Economy and
Country Life, p. 334.

21.
Froissart,
Chronicles,
trans. by Geoffrey Brereton, Harmondsworth, England, 1968, p. 212.

22.
Thomas Walsingham,
Historia Anglicana,
cited in R. B. Dobson,
The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381,
London, 1970, pp. 373-375.

23.
Hilton, Bondmen Made Free, p. 227.

24.
Cited in Maurice Ashley,
Great Britain to 1688,
Ann Arbor, 1961, p. 147.

25.
Hilton, Transition
from Feudalism to Capitalism,
p. 25; Dyer, Lords and Peasants, pp. 285-286;
V.C.H. Hunts.,
vol. 1, p. 84.

26.
Duby,
Rural Economy and Country Life,
p. 357.

27.
V.C.H.
Hunts.,
p. 162.

28.
Beresford, Lost Villages, p. 166.

29.
R. A. Donkin, “Changes in the Early Middle Ages,” and Baker, “Changes in the Later Middle Ages,” both in Darby, ed., A
New Historical Geography,
pp. 82, 208, 212.

30.
Bigmore,
Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire Landscape,
p. 132.

31.
Ibid., pp. 126-127.

32.
Cited in Bigmore,
Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire Landscape,
p. 136.

33.
Baker, “Changes in the Later Middle Ages,” in Darby, ed., A N
ew Historical Geography,
p. 211.

34.
Ibid., p. 242.

35.
Braudel, Civilization
and Capitalism,
vol. 1, p. 123.

36.
Peter Laslett,
The World We Have Lost: England in the Industrial Age,
New York, 1971, p. 35.

37.
Joan Thirsk, “Farming Techniques,” in
The Agrarian History of England and Wales,
vol. 4, pp. 180-181.

38.
Ault,
Open-Field Farming,
p. 143.

39.
Dyer,
Lords and Peasants,
p. 372.

40.
Ault,
Open-Field Farming,
p. 78.

41.
V.C.H. Hunts., p. 160.

42.
Marc Bloch in
The Cambridge Economic
History
of Europe,
vol. 1,
The Agrarian Life of the Middle Ages,
ed. by M. M. Postan, Cambridge, 1966, p. 61.

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