Lucrezia Borgia: Life, Love and Death in Renaissance Italy (52 page)

Chapter 3: The Borgias Renascent (pp. 50—66)

1
Hollingsworth,
Patronage in Renaissance Italy: From 1400 to the Early Sixteenth Century
, pp. 273 – 4.

2
Giovanni Sforza to Francesco Gonzaga, Pesaro, 24 March 1495, in Luzio,
Isabella d’Este e i Borgia,
p. 487n.

3
Giovanni Sforza to Ludovico Sforza, ASF, Potenze Estere, Marca, Reg. Cartella 153.

4
Francesco Gonzaga to Ludovico Sforza, 4 March 1496, ASF, Potenze Estere, Mantova, Reg. Cartella 400.

5
Dolfo,
Lettere ai Gonzaga
, Letter XXIX, lines 393 – 5, p. 95.

6
Cardinal Ascanio Sforza to Ludovico Sforza, 7 April 1496, ASF, Potenze Estere, Roma, Reg. Cartella 116.

7
Ascanio to Ludovico, 16 April 1496; Giovanni Sforza to Ludovico, 17 April 1496; Stefano Taberna to Ludovico, 28 April 1496, ASF, Potenze Estere, Roma, Reg. Cartella 116.

8
Bradford,
Cesare Borgia,
p. 55.

9
Deposition by Anthoni Gurrea, 17 June 1494, ASV, A.A. ARM I—XVIII, 5024, f 126.

10
Bradford, p. 59.

11
Mallett,
The Borgias: The Rise and Fall of a Renaissance Dynasty
, p. 150.

12
Giovanni Sforza to Ludovico Sforza, Pesaro, 7 January 1497, ASF, Potenze Estere, Marca, Reg. Cartella 153.

13
G. C. Scalona to Francesco Gonzaga, 27 January 1497, Luzio, p. 493.

14
10 April 1497, Ludovico Sforza draft letter to ‘il Barone’, ASF, Potenze Estere, Marca, Reg. Cartella 153.

15
Ludovico Sforza to Giovanni Sforza, 4 May 1497, ASF, Potenze Estere, Marca, Reg. Cartella 153.

16
Giovanni Sforza to Ludovico Sforza, 12 May 1497, ASF, Potenze Estere, Marca, Reg. Cartella 153.

17
Silvestro Calandra to Francesco Gonzaga, 6 June 1497, Luzio, p. 496.

18
Ferrarese envoy, in Pastor,
The History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages,
vol. V, p. 505n
.

19
12 June 1497, Luzio, p. 497.

20
Sanudo,
I. Diarii
, vol. 1, pt. 1, col. 649.

21
Pastor, vol. V, pp. 520 – 21n.

22
Antonio Costabili to Ercole d’Este, 23 June 1497, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri: Milano, Busta 13.

23
Cardinal Ascanio Sforza to Ludovico Sforza, August 1497, in Pastor, vol. V, p. 521n.

24
In Johannes Burchard,
Diarium sive Rerum Urbanum Commentarii
(1483 – 1506), vol. 2, Alessandro Bracci to Florentine Signoria, 27 September 1497.

25
Document drawn up for Giovanni Sforza and Cardinal Ascanio Sforza in form of letter from the former to the latter, 20 November 1497, ASF, Potenze Estere, Marca, Reg. Cartella 153.

26
Draft divorce sentence, ASF, Potenze Estere, Marca, Reg. Cartella 153, following letter of 20 December 1497.

27
Thomasino Tormelli to Ludovico Sforza, 3 December 1497, ASF, Potenze Estere, Marca, Reg. Cartella 153.

28
Thomasino Tormelli to Ludovico Sforza, 21 December 1947, ASF, Potenze Estere, Marca, Reg. Cartella 153.

29
Ascanio Sforza to Ludovico Sforza, 1497 December 1497, ASF, Potenze Estere, Roma, Reg. Cartella 153.

Chapter 4: The Tragic Duchess of Bisceglie (pp.

1
Cristoforo Poggio to Francesco Gonzaga, 2 March 1498, in Luzio,
Isabella d’Este e i Borgia,
p. 503.

2
Saliceto to Ludovico Sforza, 29 July 1498, ASF, Potenze Estere, Roma, Reg. Cartella 126.

3
Cited in Burchard,
Diarium
, vol. 29 July 1498.

4
Ibid., 14 September 1497.

5
Cardinal Ascanio Sforza to Ludovico Sforza, 2 May 1498, ASF, Potenze Estere, Roma, Reg. Cartella 126.

6
Cardinal Ascanio Sforza to Ludovico Sforza, 13 May 1498, ASF, Potenze Estere, Roma, Reg. Cartella 126.

7
The document was dated 31 August 1498 – ASF, Casa e Stato, Busta 400.

8
It was only on io June 1498 that Alexander finally issued a Bull cancelling her marriage contract with D. Gaspare da Procida, now described as Count of Almenara. ASF, Casa e Stato, Busta 400.

9
Laurencin,
Relaciónes de los Festines que se celebraron en el Vatican con motivo de las Bodas de Lucrecia Borgia con Don Alonso de Aragon.

10
Sanudo,
I Diarii,
vol. II, 23 October 1498.

11
December 1498, ASF, Potenze Estere, Roma, Reg. Cartella 127.

12
The Prince of Asturias died of plague in October 1497.

13
Rome, 18 August 1499, transcript from document in archives of Spoleto, Gregorovius,
Lucretia Borgia
, pp. 117 – 18.

14
18 August, 1499, Luzio, p. 431.

15
16 August 1499, ibid.

16
Ascanio was not released until 3 January 1502 through the good offices of the Cardinal d’Amboise; he returned to Rome with him for the conclave which elected Pius III and died there of plague in May 1505. 17

17
Seepce Malegonelle to Signoria of Florence, 4 April 1500, Burchard, vol. 3, p. 32n.

18
Sanudo, vol. III, col. 469, 3 July 1500.

19
Rome, 16 July 1500, Burchard.

20
Luzio, p. 519.

21
Sanudo, vol. III, col. 532, 19 July 1500.

22
Luzio, p. 521.

23
Cattaneo, 4 September 1500, in Luzio, p. 522.

24
Francesco Gonzaga to Giovanni Gonzaga, i October 1500, in Luzio, p. 524.

25
Copielettere d’Isabella d’Este, AG, Busta 2993, liber 14.

Chapter ,5: Turning Point (pp. 96 – 110)

1
Lucrezia to Vincenzo Giordano, 31 October 1500, ASE, Casa e Stato, Busta 141.

2
Lucrezia to Vincenzo Giordano, 28 October 1500, ASE, Casa e Stato, Busta 141.

3
n.d. [October 1500], fit 89 – 90, 91 ASE, Casa e Stato, Busta 141.

4
17 September, Luzio,
Isabella d’Este e i Borgia
, p. 522.

5
Bartolommeo de’Cavalleri to Ercole d’Este, 15 December 1500, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Francia, Busta 3.

6
Ercole to Cavalleri, 14 February 1501, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Francia, Busta 3.

7
Ercole to Cavalleri, 25 February 1501, 15 December 1500, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Francia, Busta 3.

8
Cavalleri to Ercole, 18 March 1501, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Francia, Busta 3.

9
Cardinal Ferrari to Ercole, 18 February 1501 and n.d., CUL, Acton MSS, Add. MSS 4757.

10
Cavalleri to Ercole, 26 May 1501, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Francia, Busta 3.

11
Ercole to Cavalleri, 9 June 1501, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Francia, Busta 3.

12
Ercole to Cavalleri, 14 June 1501, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Francia, Busta 3.

13
Cavalleri to Ercole, Lyons, 22 June 1501, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Francia, Busta 3.

14
Ercole to Cavalleri, 8 July 1501, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Francia, Busta 3.

15
Cavalleri to Ercole, 10 July, Lyons, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Francia, Busta 3.

16
Ercole to Cavalleri, 11 August 1501, ASE, Cancelleria ducale, minutario cronologica, Busta 5.

17
Cattaneo, 20 July 1501, Luzio, p. 532.

18
Cattaneo, 11 August 1501, Luzio, p. 533.

19
Ercole to Cesare Borgia, 6 August 1501, ASE, Cancelleria ducale, minutario cronologica, Busta 5.

20
Cardinal Ferrari to Ercole, 27 August 1501, CUL, Acton MSS, Add. MSS 4757.

21
Ercole to Cavalleri, 5 September 1501, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Francia, Busta 3.

22
Ercole to Cavalleri, 30 October 1501, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Francia, Busta 3.

23
Ercole to Lucrezia, 1 September 1501, ASE, Cancelleria ducale, minutario cronologica, Busta 5.

24
That summer he had also expropriated the lands of the other Roman baronial families, the Colonna, Savelli and Estouteville

25
Guicciardini,
The History of Italy
, Book I, p. 163.

Chapter 6: Farewell to Rome (pp. 111 – 32)

1
Burchard,
Diarium
, vol. 3, 17 September 1501.

2
25 September 1501, CUL, Acton MSS, Add. MSS 4757, ff 64,

3
Ibid.

4
Berlinguer and Saraceni to Ercole, 27 September 1501, CUL, Acton MSS, Add. MSS 4757.

5
Lucrezia to Ercole, 28 September and 8 October 1501, ASE, Casa e Stato, Busta 141.

6
Ercole to Lucrezia, 14 October 1501, ASE, Cancelleria ducale, minutario cronologica, Busta 5.

7
Lucrezia to Ercole, 11 October 1501, Casa e Stato, Busta 141.

8
See Saraceni and Berlinguer to Ercole, 11 October 1501, CUL, Acton MSS, Add. MSS 4757.

9
Batllori,
La Familia Borja
, p. 4.

10
Letter of 4 March 1500, see Gardner,
Dukes and Poets in Ferrara
, p. 367n.

11
Cavalleri to Ercole, 26 August 1501, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Francia, Busta 3.

12
Letter of 31 October 1501 in Gardner, p. 402n.

13
Lucrezia to Ercole, 28 October 1501, ASE, Casa e Stato, Busta 141.

14
Ercole to Lucrezia, 28 December 1501, ASE, Cancelleria ducale, Minute Ducali, Busta 69.

15
Rome, 8 October 1501, Saraceni and Berlinguer to Ercole, CUL, Acton MSS, Add. MSS 4757.

16
Rome, n.d., CUL, Acton MSS, Add. MSS 4757.

17
Cited in Gregorovius,
Lucretia Borgia
, p. 213.

18
See Beltrami,
La Guardaroba di Lucrezia Borgia.

19
Burchard, vol. 3, 23 December 1501.

20
Luzio,
Isabella d’Este e i Borgia
, pp. 535 – 6.

21
Burchard, vol. 3, 23 December 1501.

22
Pozzi and Saraceni to Ercole, 30 December 1501, CUL, Acton MSS, Add. MSS 4757.

23
El Prete to Isabella ‘relazione dello sposalizio della Borgia la sera del 24 dicembre 1501’ [transcript], AG, Autografi 84, Busta 4.

24
Pozzi to Ercole, 1 January 1502, ASE Ambasciatori Esteri – Roma, Busta 12.

25
Pozzi to Ercole, 6 January 1502, ASE Ambasciatori Esteri – Roma, Busta 12.

26
Beltrando Costabili to Ercole, 6 January 1502, CUL, Acton MSS, Add. MSS 4758.

Chapter 7: The Road to Ferrara (pp. 133 – 55)

1
Biblioteca Vaticana, manoscritto vaticano latino 3351, f 49, cited Sacerdote,
Cesare Borgia, la sua vita, la sua famiglia, e i suoi tempi,
p
.
518.

2
Ercole to Ippolito, cited Gardner,
Dukes and Poets in Ferrara,
pp. 242 – 3.

3
Ercole to Ippolito, 19 August 1499, Gardner, p. 350.

4
Ercole to Ferrante, 8 April 1494, Gardner, p. 249.

5
Ercole to Ferrante, 27 February 1495, Gardner, p. 297.

6
Pozzi and Saraceni to Ercole, Foligno, 13 January 1502, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Roma, Busta 12.

7
Ibid.

8
Ferrante d’Este to Isabella d’Este, Rimini, 22 January 1502, AG, Autografi 84, Busta 4.

9
Pozzi and Saraceni to Ippolito, Urbino, 18 January 1502, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Roma, Busta 12.

10
Pozzi and Saraceni to Ercole, Urbino, 18 January 1502, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Roma, Busta 12.

11
Pozzi and Saraceni to Ercole, Rimini, 22 January 1502, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Roma, Busta 12.

12
Pozzi and Saraceni to Ercole, Cesena, 24 January 1502, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Roma, Busta 12.

13
Pozzi and Saraceni to Ercole, Imola, 27 January 1502, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Roma, Busta 12.

14
Marinello,
Gli Ornamenti delle Donne
, Venice, pp. 69 – 75

15
Pozzi to Ercole, Bologna, 30 January 1502, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Roma, Busta 12.

16
El Prete to Isabella d’Este, 19 January 1502, Luzio, p. 539.

17
Pozzi and Saraceni to Ercole, Bologna, 29 January 1502, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Roma, Busta 12.

18
Pozzi and Saraceni to Ercole, Bentivoglio, 31 January 1502, ASE, Ambasciatori Esteri – Roma, Busta 12.

19
Costabili to Ercole, Rome, 17 January 1502, CUL, Acton MSS, Add. MSS 4758.

20
Costabili to Ercole, Rome, 20 January 1502, CUL, Acton MSS, Add. MSS 4758.

21
Isabella d’Este to Francesco Gonzaga, Ferrara, 1 February 1502, AG, Copielettere, Busta 2993, liber 12.

22
Tuohy,
Herculean Ferrara: Ercole d’Este (1471 – 1505) and the Invention of a Ducal Capital,
p. 14.

23
Ibid., p. 20.