Margaret Thatcher: The Authorized Biography (141 page)
Read Margaret Thatcher: The Authorized Biography Online
Authors: Charles Moore
Tags: #Non-Fiction, #Biography, #Politics
White, Brian,
Britain, Détente, and Changing East–West Relations
, Routledge, 1992
Woodward, Sandy,
One Hundred Days
, HarperCollins, 1992
Young, Hugo,
The Hugo Young Papers: Thirty Years of British Politics – Off the Record
, Allen Lane, 2008
Young, Hugo,
One of Us
, Macmillan, 1989
Young, Hugo and Sloman, Anne,
The Thatcher Phenomenon
, BBC Books, 1986
Young, Hugo
This Blessed Plot
, Macmillan 1998
Ziegler, Philip,
Edward Heath: The Authorised Biography
, Harper Press, 2010
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, private diary
Deedes, W. F., private diary
Fraser, Lady Antonia, private diary
Hoskyns, Sir John, private diary
Luce, Richard, private memoir
Neave, Airey, private diary
Rentschler, James, private diary
Rentschler, James, ‘A Reason to Get Up in the Morning’, self-published using Lulu, 2008
Renwick, Robin, untitled manuscript on Anglo-American relations
Stephens, Caroline, private papers
Thatcher, Margaret, private appointment diary
Bailey, Matthew and Cowley, Philip, ‘Choosing the Lady: Another Look at the Leadership Contest of 1975’,
Conservative History Journal
, issue 1, Summer 2003
Blundell, John, ‘Margaret Thatcher’s Revolution: How it Happened and What it Meant’,
Economic Affairs
, vol. 26, no. 1, 2006
Cooper, James, ‘The Foreign Politics of Opposition: Margaret Thatcher and the Transatlantic Relationship before Power’,
Contemporary British History
, vol. 24, no. 1, 2010
Evans, Stephen, ‘The Not So Odd Couple: Margaret Thatcher and One Nation Conservatism’,
Contemporary British History
, vol. 23, no. 1, 2009
Jefferys, Kevin, ‘Britain and the Boycott of the 1980s Moscow Olympics’,
Sport in History
, Vol. 32, No. 2, 2012
King, Anthony, ‘The Outsider as Political Leader: The Case of Margaret Thatcher’,
British Journal of Political Science
, vol. 32, no. 3, 2002
Lehman, John, ‘The Falklands War: Reflections on the Special Relationship’,
RUSI Journal
, Vol. 157, No. 6, 2012
Scott-Smith, Giles, ‘ “Her Rather Ambitious Washington Program”: Margaret Thatcher’s International Visitor Program Visit to the United States in 1967’,
British
Contemporary History, vol. 17, no. 4, Winter 2003
CHAPTER 1: GRANTHAM
1
.
Interview with Muriel Cullen (née Roberts).
2
.
Sermon notes prepared by Alfred Roberts, The Thatcher Papers, Churchill College, Cambridge, THCR 1/9/8.
3
.
Ibid.
4
.
Interview with Mary Grylls (née Wallace).
5
.
Margaret Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, HarperCollins, 1995, p. 5.
6
.
Maggie: The First Lady
(Brook Lapping Productions for ITV and PBS, 2003).
7
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
8
.
Interview by Miriam Stoppard,
Woman to Woman
(Yorkshire Television), 19 Nov. 1985 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/105830
).
9
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
10
.
Interview with Muriel Cullen.
11
.
Ibid.
12
.
Woman to Woman
.
13
.
Ibid.
14
.
Interview with Carol Thatcher.
15
.
Ibid.
16
.
Interview with Muriel Cullen.
17
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
18
.
Ibid.
19
.
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 9.
20
.
I bid.
21
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
22
.
THCR 1/9/8.
23
.
Patricia Murray,
Margaret Thatcher
, W. H. Allen, 1980, p. 22.
24
.
THCR 1/9/8.
25
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
26
.
Ibid.
27
.
Woman to Woman
.
28
.
Murray,
Margaret Thatcher
, p. 22.
29
.
Interview with Jean Dean (née Farmer).
30
.
Interview with Muriel Cullen.
31
.
Ibid. (see also
Chapter 5
).
32
.
Ibid.
33
.
Interview with Margaret Wickstead (née Goodrich).
34
.
Interview with Pamela Thomas.
35
.
Interview with Muriel Cullen.
36
.
Interview with Margaret Wickstead.
37
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
38
.
Woman to Woman
.
39
.
Letter to Muriel, 30 July 1944.
40
.
Letter to Muriel, 20 Aug. 1944.
41
.
Interview with Jean Dean.
42
.
Private information.
43
.
Interview with Carol Thatcher.
44
.
Interview with Pamela Thomas.
45
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
46
.
Interview with Margaret Wickstead.
47
.
Interview with Rita Wright (née Hind).
48
.
Interview with Shirley Ellis (née Walsh).
49
.
Maggie: The First Lady
.
50
.
Several conversations with Lady Thatcher.
51
.
Maggie: The First Lady
.
52
.
Interview with Kenneth Wallace.
53
.
Interview with Mary Grylls.
54
.
Interview with Kenneth Wallace.
55
.
Interview with Mary Grylls.
56
.
Interview with Kenneth Wallace.
57
.
Interview with Madeline Hellaby (née Edwards).
58
.
Maggie: The First Lady
.
59
.
Interview with Jean Dean.
60
.
Conversation with Lady Thatcher, as reported by David Heathcoat-Amory.
61
.
Letter to Muriel, 30 July 1944.
62
.
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
.
63
.
Interview with Nellie Towers,
Maggie: The First Lady
.
64
.
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 3.
65
.
Maggie: The First Lady
.
66
.
Woman to Woman
.
67
.
Interview with Muriel Cullen.
68
.
Grantham Journal
, 11 July 1936.
69
.
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 21.
70
.
Ibid., p. 25.
71
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
72
.
Ibid.
73
.
Ibid.
74
.
Ibid.
75
.
Grantham Journal
, 28 Jan. 1939.
76
.
Ibid.
77
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
78
.
Ibid.
79
.
Ibid.
80
.
Letter from Edith Mühlbauer to Alfred Roberts, 21 Jan. 1939.
81
.
Letter from Edith Mühlbauer to Alfred Roberts, 23 Mar. 1939.
82
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
83
.
Interview with Muriel Cullen.
84
.
Ibid.
85
.
Interview with Madeline Hellaby.
86
.
Interview with Mary Grylls.
87
.
Ibid.
88
.
Interview with Kenneth Wallace.
89
.
Ibid.
90
.
Interview with Muriel Cullen.
91
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
1
.
Letter to Muriel, 25 July 1941.
2
.
Letter to Muriel, 20 Sept. 1941.
3
.
Ibid.
4
.
Margaret Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, HarperCollins, 1995, p. 21. In her memoirs, Lady Thatcher mistakenly attributes these festivities to the Silver Jubilee of King George V, which also took place in 1935.
5
.
Interview with Jean Dean (née Farmer).
6
.
Letter from Lorna Smith, 2003.
7
.
George Gardiner,
Margaret Thatcher: From Childhood to Leadership
, William Kimber, 1975, p. 20.
8
.
All above quotations from interview with Jean Dean.
9
.
Letter to Mr and Mrs Jack Farmer, 7 Mar. 1974.
10
.
Interview with Shirley Ellis (née Walsh).
11
.
Letter to Muriel, Dec. 1941.
12
.
Letter to Muriel, 20 Sept. 1941.
13
.
Letter to Muriel, Oct. 1941.
14
.
Grantham Journal
, draft obituary of Lady Thatcher.
15
.
All these quotations are from Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, pp. 9–10.
16
.
Letter to Muriel, 30 July 1944.
17
.
Letter to Muriel, Oct. 1941.
18
.
Ibid.
19
.
Letter from Lorna Smith, 2003.
20
.
Grantham Journal
, obituary of Lady Thatcher.
21
.
Interviews with Amy Ormond (née Wootten), Pauline Harrison (née Cowan) and Betty Robbins (née Spice).
22
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
23
.
Ibid.
24
.
Ibid.
25
.
Ibid.
26
.
Interview with Rita Wright (née Hind).
27
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
28
.
Interview with Rita Wright.
29
.
Letter from Lorna Smith, 2003.
30
.
Ibid.
31
.
Interview with Rita Wright.
32
.
Interview with Lorna Smith.
33
.
Interviews with Madeline Hellaby (née Edwards) and Margaret Wickstead (née Goodrich).
34
.
Letter to Muriel, Dec. 1941 (undated).
35
.
All quotations from Margaret’s school reports come from copies in the possession of KGGS library. The author is grateful for the school’s permission to see and publish them.
36
.
Patricia Murray,
Margaret Thatcher
, W. H. Allen, 1980.
37
.
Grantham Journal
, obituary of Lady Thatcher.
38
.
KGGS archives.
39
.
Letter to Shirley Ellis, 6 July 1990.
40
.
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 18.
41
.
Ibid.
42
.
Letter to Muriel, Oct. 1941.
43
.
Interview with Jean Dean.
44
.
Interview with Rita Wright.
45
.
Ibid.
46
.
The History of Kesteven and Grantham Girls’ School,
1910
–
87
, pamphlet, 1987.
47
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
48
.
Letter to Muriel, Oct. 1941.
49
.
Russell Lewis,
Margaret Thatcher: A Personal and Political Biography
, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975, p. 12.
50
.
Interview with Muriel Cullen.
51
.
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 34.
52
.
Letter from Lorna Smith.
53
.
Interview with Madeline Hellaby. She says the aim of getting higher education was understood and accepted.
54
.
Interview with Mary Grylls (née Wallace).
55
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
1
.
Interview with Mary Grylls (née Wallace).
2
.
Interview with Margaret Wickstead (née Goodrich).
3
.
Margaret Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, HarperCollins, 1995, p. 37.
4
.
Papers relating to the compilation of Lady Thatcher’s memoirs, The Thatcher Papers, Churchill College, Cambridge, THCR 4/4.
5
.
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 38.
6
.
Ibid.
7
.
See interview with Pamela Mason (née Rhodes), a fellow Somervillian, who says that Margaret ‘gave a brown impression’,
Maggie: The First Lady
(Brook Lapping Productions for ITV and PBS, 2003).
8
.
Interview with Rachel Kinchin-Smith.
9
.
Interview with Mary Grylls.
10
.
Letter to Muriel, Sept. 1944.
11
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
12
.
Letter to Muriel, Sept. 1944.
13
.
Interview with Betty Robbins (née Spice).
14
.
Letter from Joan Bridgman (née Parker); Letter from Jean Darmon (née Southerst).
15
.
Interview with Amy Ormond (née Wootten).
16
.
Letter from Mary Williamson (née Mallinson).
17
.
Interview with Pauline Harrison (née Cowan).
18
.
Interview with Betty Robbins.
19
.
Maggie: The First Lady
.
20
.
Letter from Jean Darmon.
21
.
Letter from Mary Williamson.
22
.
Letter to Muriel, June 1946.
23
.
Letter from Mary Williamson.
24
.
Information provided by Lady Oppenheimer (née Helen Lucas Tooth).
25
.
Interview with Betty Robbins.
26
.
Private information.
27
.
Nicholas Wapshott and George Brock,
Thatcher
, Macdonald, 1983, p. 46.
28
.
Interview with Pauline Harrison.
29
.
THCR 4/4.
30
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
31
.
Letter to Muriel, 19 Apr. 1945.
32
.
THCR 4/4.
33
.
Interview with Betty Robbins.
34
.
Interview with Pauline Harrison.
35
.
Letter from Dorothy Hodgkin to Tony Epstein, 23 Aug. 1988, Bodleian Library, Oxford.
36
.
Interview with Betty Robbins.
37
.
Hugo Young and Anne Sloman,
The Thatcher Phenomenon
, BBC Books, 1986, p. 17.
38
.
Ibid.
39
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
40
.
Wapshott and Brock,
Thatcher
.
41
.
Interview with Betty Robbins.
42
.
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, pp. 78–9.
43
.
Ibid.
44
.
Letter to Muriel from Walton Street, Oxford, 1947 (undated).
45
.
Conversation with Romilly, Lady McAlpine.
46
.
Letter from Jean Darmon.
47
.
THCR 4/4.
48
.
Ibid.
49
.
Interview with Amy Ormond.
50
.
Ibid.
51
.
Interview with Pauline Harrison.
52
.
Interview with Mary Grylls.
53
.
THCR 4/4.
54
.
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, pp. 50–51.
55
.
Ibid.
56
.
THCR 4/4.
57
.
Ibid.
58
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
59
.
Ibid.
60
.
Ibid.
61
.
THCR 4/4.
62
.
Ibid.
63
.
Ibid.
64
.
Letter to Muriel, 25 Mar. 1945.
65
.
Speech in Sleaford, 25 June 1945, reported in
Sleaford Gazette
, 29 June 1945 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/100817
).
66
.
Letter from Liz Barrington to Muriel, 17 July 1945.
67
.
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 46.
68
.
THCR 4/4.
69
.
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 46.
70
.
THCR 4/4.
71
.
Ibid.
72
.
Oxford University Conservative Association Policy Sub-Committee report, Michaelmas Term 1945, kindly lent to the author by Michael Kinchin-Smith.
73
.
THCR 4/4.
74
.
Speech at Federation of University Conservative and Unionist Associations Conference, 28 Mar. 1946, reported in
Isis
, 1 May 1946 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/100818
).
75
.
THCR 4/4.
76
.
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 48.
77
.
Ibid.
78
.
Conversation with Lord Rees-Mogg.
79
.
Interview with Sir Michael Oppenheimer.
80
.
Private information.
81
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
82
.
THCR 4/4.
83
.
Conversation with the late Duke of Buccleuch.
84
.
THCR 4/4.
85
.
Letter to Muriel, Oct. 1946.
86
.
Letter to Muriel, May 1947.
87
.
Letter to Muriel, Jan. 1947.
88
.
Conversation with Max Findlay.
89
.
Ibid.
90
.
Letter to Muriel, May 1947.
91
.
Letter to Muriel from Galley Hill, Darenth Road, Dartford, probably late 1949.
92
.
Conversation with Max Findlay.
93
.
Letter to Muriel, 15 May 1947.
94
.
Interview with Kenneth Wallace.
95
.
Letter to Muriel, 20 Aug. 1944.
96
.
Letter to Muriel, 3 Jan. 1945.
97
.
Interview with Margaret Wickstead.
98
.
Ibid.
99
.
Interview with Tony Bray.
100
.
Ibid.
101
.
Ibid.
102
.
Letter to Muriel, 25 Mar. 1945.
103
.
Interview with Tony Bray.
104
.
Letter to Muriel, 25 Mar. 1945.
105
.
Ibid.
106
.
Interview with Tony Bray.
107
.
Letter to Muriel, 19 Apr. 1945.
108
.
Interview with Tony Bray.
109
.
Ibid.
110
.
Interview with Muriel Cullen.
111
.
Interview with Tony Bray.