Marriage, a History (78 page)

3
Catherine Ross, “Reconceptualizing Marital Status as a Continuum of Social Attachment,”
Journal of Marriage and the Family
57 (1995); Chloe Bird, “Gender Differences in the Social and Economic Burdens of Parenting and Psychological Distress,”
Journal of Marriage and the Family
59 (1997); Brian Baker et al., “The Influence of Marital Adjustment on 3-Year Left Ventricular Mass and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Mild Hypertension,”
Archives of Internal Medicine
160 (2000); Sharon Lerner, “Good and Bad Marriage,”
New York Times,
October 22, 2002; “Marital Stress and the Heart,”
Harvard Men’s Health Watch
8 (2004); Marilyn Elias, “Over Time, Bickering Spouses Take a Toll on Well-Being,”
USA Today,
August 2, 2004. For a review of other studies of the impact of a bad marriage, see Timothy Loving et al., “Stress Hormone Changes and Marital Conflict,”
Journal of Marriage and Family
66 (2004).

4
Steven Nock,
Marriage in Men’s Lives
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1998); Marilyn Elias, “Miserable Marriage Can Make You Sick,”
USA Today,
March 12, 2001; Lerner, “Good and Bad Marriage” and “Marriage Taken to Heart,”
USA Today,
March 4, 2004; May Blom et al., “Social Relations in Women with Coronary Heart Disease,”
Journal of Cardiovascular Risk
10 (2003); Marilyn Elias, “Marriage Taken to Heart,”
USA Today,
March 4, 2004; Mary Duenwald, “Discovering What it Takes to Live to 100,”
New York Times,
December 25, 2001; Judith Hibbard and C.R. Pope, “The Quality of Social Roles as Predictors of Morbidity and Mortality,”
Social Science and Medicine
36 (1993).

5
Betty Carter and Joan Peters,
Love, Honor and Negotiate
(New York: Pocket Books, 1996). For other helpful marital advice books, see chap. 17, n. 4.

6
Sanjiv Gupta, “The Effects of Transitions in Marital Status on Men’s Performance of Housework,”
Journal of Marriage and the Family
61 (1999); Scott South and Glenna Spitze, “Housework in Marital and Nonmarital Households,”
American Sociological Review
59 (1994); Marbeth Mattingly and Suzanne Bianchi, “Gender Differences in the Quantity and Quality of Free Time,”
Social Forces
81 (2003).

7
John Gottman, James Coan, Sybil Carrere, and Catherine Swanson, “Predicting Marital Happiness and Stability from Newlywed Interactions,”
Journal of Marriage and the Family
60 (1998), p. 6; Esther Kuwer, Jose Heesink, and Evert Van de Vliert, “The Marital Dynamics of Conflict over the Division of Labor,”
Journal of Marriage and the Family
59 (1997), p. 649. Predicting marital success is a tricky endeavor, and researchers have important differences of emphasis. Women have to be open to change too, of course, and that includes giving up the control that comes from being the household “experts” and learning to recognize that men may express their love through practical action rather than intimate talk. To get a flavor for the areas of agreement and disagreement, see John Gottman and Clifford Notarius, “Marital Research in the 20
^th
Century and a Research Agenda for the 21
^st
Century,”
Family Process
41 (2002); Scott Stanley, Thomas Bradbury, and Howard Markman, “Structure Flaws in the Bridge from Basic Research on Marriage to Interventions with Couples,”
Journal of Marriage and the Family
62 (2000); Frank Fincham and Thomas Bradbury,
The Psychology of Marriage
(New York: Guilford Press, 1990).

Abelard, Peter

Aborigines

abortion

absolutism

abstinence

“Acres of Diamonds” (Conwell)

Acton, William

Adams, Abigail

Adams, Clifford

Adams, John

Adler, Felix

adoption

adultery

Christian Church and

clergy and

and restrictions upon women

in Rome

adulthood

Aelders, Etta Palm d’

Aeschylus

Afghanistan

Africa

age of marriage in

divorce in

economic cooperation in

extramarital relationships in

feuding kin groups in

inheritance rights in

marital love as viewed in

political marriages in

residential arrangements in

same-sex marriages in

sharing in

African Americans

veterans

working women

age of marriage

conformity and

dwindling prospects and

laborers and

in Middle Ages

partner differences in

premarital sex and

Agnes

agriculture

plowing

see also
peasants and farmers

Akiko, Yosano

Alberti, Leon Battista

alcohol

temperance movement and

Alexander the Great

Alfred the Great

Amato, Paul

Amenhotep III

Amenhotep IV

America

colonial

American Institute of Family Relations

American Revolution

Declaration of Independence

ancient world:

aristocracy in

political and economic marriages in

see also
Greece, ancient; Rome, ancient

Anderson, Margaret

Andreas Capellanus

animal behavior

Anjou, Count of

annulment

Anthony, Susan B.

Antiochus

Antony, Mark

Archer, Paul

Argelliers, Raymonde d’

aristocracy

age of marriage among

ancestry of

in ancient world

Christian Church and marriages of

convents and

in Greece

illegitimate sons and

justice and

in medieval Europe

merchants and

in Rome

women’s bloodlines in

see also
political marriages

Aristotle

Ashanti

Asia

Asia Minor

Assyrians

Astell, Mary

Athens

Augustus (Octavian)

Auletes

Austen, Jane

Australia

Austria

Axayacatl

Aztecs

baboons

Baby and Child Care
(Spock)

baby boom

Babylonians

Bahn, Paul

Bailey, William

Baldwin IV, Count

banns

Barbie

Bari

Basch, Norma

Beatrice of Savoy

beauty standards

Beauvoir, Simone de

Beck, Ulrich

Becker, Gary

Beck-Gernsheim, Elizabeth

Beecher, Henry Ward

Belgium

Bella Coola

Bemba

Benson, Mary and Edward

Bentham, Jeremy

Berenice

Bianchi, Suzanne

Bible

New Testament

Old Testament

birds

birth control

Great Depression and

Nazis and

pill

birthrates

baby boom and

birth control and

Roman laws and

world population and

Black Death

Blackstone, William

Blackwell, Henry

Blake, James

Bock, Gisela

boiling water, ordeal of

Boleyn, Anne

Boniface IV

Bora, Katharina von

Bossard, James

Botswana

Brabant, Duke of

Bracton, Henry de

Bradbury, Thomas

Bradstreet, Anne

Brazil

breadwinning:

and divorce in Middle Ages

male breadwinner/female homemaker marriages,
see
male breadwinner/female homemaker marriages

shared

see also
labor, division of

Breckinridge, Lucy Gilmer

bridal tours

bridewealth

Britain,
see
England

Brok, Richard de

Bromley, Dorothy Dunbar

Brown, Charles Brockden

Brown, Geoffrey

Brown, Helen Gurley

Bryant, Anita

Burgess, Ernest

Burgundy

Burma

Burton, Linda

Bush, George W.

Bushmen

business:

medieval women in

plague and

Byzantine Empire

Caesar, Julius

Caesarion

Cai Hua

Caird, Mona

Cameroon

Canada

candor

Cantarella, Eve

Canterbury Tales, The
(Chaucer)

Capet, Hugh

Carson, William

Carter, Betty

Carter, London

Catherine of Aragon

Catholic Church,
see
Christian Church

Cato, Marcus Porcius (Cato the Elder)

celibacy

of clergy

Central America

Champagne, Countess of

“charity girls,”

charivaris

Charlemagne

Charles, Prince

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Charles of Lorraine

Charles the Bald

Charles the Simple

Charlotte Temple
(Rowson)

Chaucer, Geoffrey

Cherlin, Andrew

chess

Chestre, Alice

Child, Lydia Maria

childbirth

and age of marriage

birth control and,
see
birth control

and erosion of social controls on courting

high-achieving women and

rates of,
see
birthrates

reproductive technologies and

risks of

childbirth, out-of-wedlock

adoption and

inheritance rights and

legitimacy status and

rates of

royal succession and

Childebert

childlessness

child rearing

division of labor in

extramarital and cospousal relationships and

feminism and

in hunter-gatherer societies

and invention of plow

in Na society

in Rome

shift in attitudes toward

by single parents

by unwed parents

children

adoption of

Athenian democracy and

divorce and

employment of

chimpanzees

China

Confucian philosophy in

family relationships in

footbinding in

gender inequality in

ghost marriages in

love and intimacy as viewed in

marrying up in

Na people of

political marriages in

princesses in

Chlodomer

Christian Church

clerical celibacy and

Clovis and

consent doctrine of

convents and monasteries of

development of

dispensations granted by

family justice and

incest as defined by

Lothar and

marriage among lower classes and

marriage as viewed by

marriage validated by

political marriages and

popes of,
see
popes

Protestant Reformation and

queens and noblewomen and

women’s purity and

Christmas

Church of England

Cicero

civil rights movement

clandestine marriages

Clarissa
(Richardson)

Clark, Anna

Clark, Lincoln

Cleaver, Robert

Cleisthenes

Cleopatra

“Climax” (Oaks)

Clothar

Clothild

Clovis

cocaine

cohabitation

divorce and

legal recognition of

in Rome

types of

college students:

marriage between

women

community(ies)

choice of spouse and

home as refuge from

reliance on

united by marriage