Mary Rose (28 page)

25
. Ibid., no. 1935. E. Lodge,
Illustrations of British History
(1791), I, p. 17.

26
.
Cal. Ven
., II, p. 818. T. Malory,
The Works of Sir Thomas Malory
, ed. E. Vinaver (1947), II, pp. 568–70.

27
. T. Rymer,
Foedera
, XIII, p. 624 et seq.

28
.
Cal. Ven
., III, p. 16.

29
. For a full account of Wolsey’s involvement in these arrangements, see J. G. Russell.
The Field of Cloth of Gold
(1969), pp. 16–21.

30
.
Cal. Ven
, III, no. 61. Surian to the Doge and Senate, 3 June 1520. Scarisbrick,
Henry VIII
, pp. 77–8.

31
.
Rutland Papers
, pp. 28–49.

32
. Russell,
Field of Cloth of Gold
, pp. 95–104.

33
. Ibid., p. 120.

34
.
Cal. Ven
., III, nos. 80, 84, 85.

35
. Some thought that Anne Browne, the sister of Sir Wistan, outshone her, but this was not the general opinion.
Cal. Ven
., III, nos. 50, 69.

36
. Ibid., no. 78.

37
. Russell,
Field of the Cloth of Gold
, pp. 160–4.

38
. Ibid., p. 167.

39
.
Cal. Ven
., III, nos. 50, 90. A ‘Chapel of Peace’ was supposed to be erected on the site where the mass was held.

40
. Scarisbrick,
Henry VIII
, p. 80. D. Loades,
Mary Tudor
(1989), p. 16.

41
. Perry,
Sisters to the King
, p. 212.

42
. Knecht,
Francis I
, pp. 105–6. England, which occupied the fourth side, thus assumed a disproportionate strategic importance.

43
. Richardson,
Mary Tudor
, p. 277.
Letters and Papers
, V, pp. 750, 758.

44
. Greg Walker, ‘The Expulsion of the Minions in 1519 Reconsidered’,
Historical Journal
, 32, 1989.

45
. Perry,
Sisters to the King
, p. 212.

46
.
Cal. Span
., Further Supplement, pp. 195 et seq.

47
. S. J. Gunn, ‘The Duke of Suffolk’s March on Paris in 1523’,
English Historical Review
, 101, 1986.

48
.
Letters and Papers
, IV, i, no. 61. Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, p. 76.

49
. Gunn, ‘The Duke of Suffolk’s March’.

50
. Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, p. 76.

51
.
Letters and Papers
, IV, i, nos. 680, 841.

52
.
Cal. Span
., Further Supplement, pp. 388–9. Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, p. 77.

53
.
Cal. Span
., III, p. 315; Further Supplement, pp. 304, 348.

54
. Ibid., III, p. 82.

55
. G. W. Bernard,
War, Taxation and Rebellion in Early Tudor England: Henry VIII, Wolsey and the Amicable Grant of 1525
(1986), pp. 110–30.

56
. Scarisbrick,
Henry VIII
, pp. 140–1.

57
.
Cal. Ven
., III, no. 1141.

7. The Duchess & Her Children

1
. Richardson,
Mary Tudor
, p. 199.

2
. Mattingly,
Catherine of Aragon
, pp. 131–2.

3
. Richardson, p. 200. She was the widow of William Courtenay, who had been created Earl of Devon in May 1511, but had died a month later.

4
. Although no one says so! Richardson, loc. cit.

5
. Perry,
Sisters to the King
, p. 186.

6
. Richard Grafton,
A Chronicle at Large
(ed. 1809), p. 288.

7
.
Letters and Papers
, II, i, nos. 834, 913, 1025, 1026, 1030.

8
. Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, p. 58.

9
. Sadlack,
Letters
, p. 184. BL Cotton MS Caligila B.VI, f. 119

10
. Richardson, p. 203.

11
.
Letters and Papers
, II, ii, no. 3018. TNA SP1/15, f. 33.

12
. Richardson, p. 205.

13
. Grafton,
Chronicle
, p. 293.

14
. Ibid., p. 294. Grafton gives no figures, but this is a rough estimate.

15
.
Letters and Papers
, II, ii, no. 3712. BL MA Cotton Caligula B.I, f. 244. Grafton noted that all her expenses in England had been ‘of the kings purse’.

16
.
Cal. Ven
, II, pp. 918, 920.
Letters and Papers
, II, no. 1510.

17
.
ODNB
. Richardson,
Mary Tudor
, pp. 210–11.

18
. Hatfield was close to St Albans, and the Abbot no doubt well known to Nicholas West.

19
. Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, p. 78. J. G. Nichols, ‘Inventory of the Wardrobe, plate etc., of Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset’,
Camden Miscellany
, 3, 1855, pp. lxxxiv–v.

20
. Walter Richardson ignored this child completely.
Mary Tudor
, p. 311.

21
. Beyond the name of his tutor, nothing is known about Henry Brandon’s schooling, nor whether it was any memory of her childhood that prompted Frances later to induce her husband to provide a first-rate education for their daughters.

22
.
Letters and Papers
, III, ii, nos. 2927, 2944, 2960, 3276. TNA C54/398, m. 14.

23
. TNA C54/392, m. 26
Letters and Papers
, IV, ii, no. 4350.
Addendum
, I, no. 653.

24
. Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, p. 131.

25
.
Letters and Papers
, IV, ii, nos. 4246, 4257; IV, iii, no. 5859.

26
. Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, p. 95.

27
.
ODNB
.

28
. A. G. Dickens,
The Clifford Letters of the Sixteenth Century
(Surtees Society, 1962), p. 24.

29
. TNA WARDS9/149, f. 7.
Letters and Papers
, IV, iii, no. 5336 (12).

30
. Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, p. 96.

31
. Hall,
Chronicle
, p. 674.

32
.
Cal. Ven
. IV, i, no. 965. Hall, p. 719.

33
. Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, pp. 98–100

34
. Ibid., p. 98.

35
.
Letters and Papers
, IV, ii, nos. 2980, 4615, 4616. Knecht,
Francis I
, p. 186.

36
. Ibid., IV, i, no. 2256; IV, ii, nos. 4392, 4615, 5064.

37
. Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, p. 92.

38
. R. Flenley,
Six Town Chronicles of England
(1911), p. 195.
Historical Manuscripts Commission: The Manuscripts of the Corporations of Southampton and Kings Lynn
(1887). p. 173.

39
. BL Cotton MS Titus B.I, f. 71.
Letters and Papers
, II, i, no. 1605.

40
. Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, pp. 78–82.

41
. Norfolk Record Office, Register 14, ff. 135, 186, 210, 212. Translated by S. J. Gunn.

42
. Richardson,
Mary Tudor
, pp. 213–4.

43
. Ibid., p. 215. For the size of Wolsey’s household, see P. J. Gwyn,
The King’s Cardinal
(1990).

44
. Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, pp. 78–83. For the Duke of Buckingham see Carole Rawcliffe,
The Staffords Earls of Stafford and Dukes of Buckingham
(1978), pp. 232–43.

45
. Richardson,
Mary Tudor
, pp. 217–18.

46
. Ibid.

47
. Henry was annoyed with Suffolk on one occasion when he warned him not to pass through Woodstock, because one of the Duke’s servants had died of the plague there. His annoyance was caused, however, by the thought that Suffolk should have warned him sooner.
Letters and Papers
, IV, ii, no. 2047.

48
. Richardson,
Mary Tudor
, p. 119.

49
. Ibid.

50
. Brandon refers on a number of occasions to this ailment, without further elaboration, and the medical evidence of Mary’s last illness is non-existent.

8. The Last Days

1
. Perry,
Sisters to the King
, pp. 199–200.

2
.
Letters and Papers
, IV, ii, no. 1939.

3
. Richardson,
Mary Tudor
, pp. 213–14.

4
. Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, p. 113.

5
. J. A. Guy,
The Public Career of Sir Thomas More
(1980), p. 116.

6
. Shilston died shortly after his election and his will was witnessed by ducal servants. TNA PROB11/24/3. Gunn,
Brandon
, p. 114.

7
.
Letters and Papers
, IV, iii, nos. 6225, 6262, 6436, 6575, 6738.

8
. Ibid., V, nos. 40, 45, 70, 564, 864, 932.

9
. Ibid., VII, no. 296; VIII, no. 342.

10
. Ibid., V, no. 287.

11
. Mattingly,
Catherine of Aragon
, p. 271.

12
.
Cal. Span
., IV, ii, pp. 892–3, 895–9.

13
. Carlo Capello to the Doge and Signory, 23 April 1532.
Cal. Ven
., IV, no. 761.

14
. Ibid., no. 802.

15
.
Letters and Papers
, IV, i, no. 2744.

16
. Ibid., V, no. 199. There are various calculations of these rates of payment, and the actual sum received appears to have depended upon what deductions were made for collection and other expenses.

17
. Ibid., no. 361.

18
. Ibid., VI, no. 293.

19
. Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, p. 120. Suffolk seems to have got his own back by passing some derogatory comments on Cromwell to the French ambassador.
Letters and Papers
, VI, no. 1372.

20
. E. W. Ives,
The Life and Death of Anne Boleyn
(2004), pp. 172–83. ‘The Noble Triumphant Coronation of Queen Anne’, in A. F. Pollard,
Tudor Tracts
(1903), pp. 9–28.

21
.
Letters and Papers
, VII, no. 1498 (37). TNA SP1/75, f. 245.

22
. Richardson,
Mary Tudor
, pp. 252–3.

23
.
Letters and Papers
, VI, no. 693. BL Harley MS 6986, f. 11. Sadlack,
Letters
, p. 154.

24
. Richardson,
Mary Tudor
, pp. 254–5.

25
.
Chronica del rey Enrico de Inglaterra
(The Chronicle of King Henry VIII of England), translated by M. A. S. Hume (1889).

26
. The Baillie of Troyes to Francis I, 30 June 1533.
Letters and Papers
, VI, no. 723.

27
. Richardson,
Mary Tudor
, p. 257.

28
. Royal College of Arms, Heralds’ MSS. Francis Ford,
Mary Tudor: A Retrospective Sketch
(1882) pp. 38–45.

29
. Richardson,
Mary Tudor
, p. 260.

30
. Ibid., p. 261.

31
. It is suggested that she may have helped him to the abbacy three years earlier.
ODNB
.

32
. The abbey church was gutted at the dissolution.

33
. As Edward Foxe reported to Lord Lisle.
Letters and Papers
, VI, no. 797.

34
. When a similar celebration was suggested for his own ex-Queen, Catherine, the King observed ‘that it should be more charge than was either requisite or necessary’.

35
. The cost can only be guessed at, but in 1579 Sir Thomas Gresham’s burial cost £800, and in 1588 the Earl of Leicester’s nearly £3,000. Mary’s obsequies probably cost the Duke about £1,000, over and above what was spent in London.

36
.
Cal. Span
., IV, ii, p. 1123. Felicity Heal,
Of Prelates and Princes
(1980), p. 108.

37
. Gunn,
Charles Brandon
, pp. 132–3.

38
.
Statutes of the Realm
, IV, i, p. 295. 27 Henry VIII, c. 39. Lincolnshire R.O. 2Anc3/B/5.