Mugged (48 page)

44
. See, e.g., “District Attorney’s Findings Regarding the Police Killing of Jose Garcia.”

45
. Maull, “DA: Washington Heights Cop Cleared Because Witnesses Unreliable.”

46
. McQueen, “Calm on Clear Day.”

47
. “No Inquiry in Heights Case,”
New York Times
, September 18, 1992; Rose Marie Arce, “Garcia Kin Want Probe,” (New York)
Newsday
, September 18, 1992.

CHAPTER 3: GUILTY UNTIL PROVEN BLACK

1
. Jill Nelson, “Up Against the System,”
Washington Post
, May 10, 1987. (Full quote: Maddox is “making all of us confront the barriers of our own racism and this is particularly difficult for progressive whites, because we’re so self-serving about our racism.”)

2
.   Column reprinted in Nelson George,
Buppies, B-boys, Baps, and Bohos: Notes on Post-Soul Black Culture
(Da Capo Press, 2001) at 223–40.

3
.   George at 239.

4
.   Gary Langer, “Tale of Two Worlds, and One Tragedy,” Associated Press, June 23, 1985.

5
.   George at 238.

6
.   Jane Rosen, “Shooting Deepens Race Fears: Killing Black Youth by White Policeman in New York Sparks Race Violence Fears,” (London)
Guardian
, June 17, 1985.

7
.   Editorial: “The Death of Edmund Perry,”
New York Times
, June 23, 1985.

8
.   Tom Morganthau, “Two with Too Much to Lose,”
Newsweek
, July 15, 1985.

9
.   See, e.g., Crystal Nix, “Inner City, Elite Campus: How 2 Worlds Jar,”
New York Times
, January 4, 1986.

“The tensions of living in two worlds became part of the story of 17-year-old Edmund Perry, an honors graduate at Phillips Exeter Academy who was shot to death by a plainclothes police officer near Morningside Park last summer in what the police described as an attempted robbery.”

10
. “Using the Stage to Voice Feelings about Racism,”
New York Times
, April 30, 1989.

11
. Dorothy J. Gaiter, “To Be Black and Male Is Dangerous in U.S.,”
Miami Herald
, July 11, 1985.

12
. See, e.g., Michael Coakley, “Violence Ends a Black Success Story,”
Chicago Tribune
, August 15, 1985.

13
. Tom Morganthau, “Goetz: Victim or Villain?”
Newsweek
, April 1, 1985.

14
. See, e.g., Robert D. McFadden, “Justice Drops All Major Charges Against Goetz in Shooting on IRT,”
New York Times
, January 17, 1986; Samuel Maull, “Defense Lawyer Argues That Charges Against Goetz Be Dropped,” The Associated Press, November 26, 1985 (citing Darrell Cabey’s interview with the
Daily News
’s Jimmy Breslin that “his three friends intended to rob Goetz because ‘he looked like easy bait.…He looked like he had money.’”).

15
. In addition, a secretary who had been sitting on a nearby park bench testified that just before the shooting, two black men passed her and she heard someone say, “Give me what you have.” M. A. Farber, “Testimony Ends in Assault Trial of Jonah Perry,”
New York Times
, January 17, 1986.

16
. M. A. Farber, “Officer Tells of Shooting Honors Student to Death,”
New York
Times
, January 14, 1986; M. A. Farber, “Last Arguments Offered in Trial of Jonah Perry,”
New York Times
, January 22, 1986.

17
. M. A. Farber, “Jonah Perry Acquitted of Mugging Officer Who Fatally Shot Brother,”
New York Times
, January 23, 1986.

18
. George at 232.

19
. According to Department of Justice statistics, for example, in 1985—the year Perry was shot—black males committed nearly as many murders (6,043) as white males (6,943), although blacks are only 12 percent of the population. C. Puzzanchera and W. Kang (2011). “Easy Access to the FBI’s Supplementary Homicide Reports: 1980–2009.” Available at http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/ezashr/.

20
. Jill Nelson, “Up Against the System,”
Washington Post
, May 10, 1987.

21
. See, e.g., “Police Reportedly Left Barry Investigation on Their Own,” United Press International, January 11, 1989; Robert Pear, “2d Investigation Touches Capital Mayor,”
New York Times
, January 1, 1989.

22
. Vincent McCraw, “Rally Gives Barry Hero’s Welcome,
Washington Times
, July 3, 1990.

23
. See, e.g., McCraw, “Rally Gives Barry Hero’s Welcome”; Karl Vick, “Barry Fights to Regain Respect Despite Trial, (Florida)
St. Petersburg Times
, July 6, 1990.

24
. Vick, “Barry Fights to Regain Respect.”

25
. Ibid.

26
. Stephanie Saul, “Barry Trial Accents Race Issue,” (New York)
Newsday
, July 19, 1990.

27
. Gregory Freeman, “Marion Barry’s Battle for Public Opinion Engrosses Many Blacks,” (Missouri)
St. Louis Post-Dispatch
, July 6, 1990.

28
. Vick, “Barry Fights to Regain Respect.”

29
. Ibid.

30
. Freeman, “Marion Barry’s Battle for Public Opinion.”

31
. Vick, “Barry Fights to Regain Respect.”

32
. Elsa Walsh and Barton Gellman, “Chasm Divided Jurors in Barry Drug Trial,”
Washington Post
, August 23, 1990.

33
. Ibid.

34
. Michael Abramowitz and Rene Sanchez, “Barry Basks in Glow of ‘Donahue,’”
Washington Post
, November 1, 1990.

35
. Howard S. Gantman, “NAACP Director Decries ‘Harassment’ of Black Officials,” United Press International, July 8, 1990.

36
. Abramowitz and Sanchez, “Barry Basks in Glow of ‘Donahue.’”

37
. Lynn Sherr, “Who Is Ed Summers? Carjack Killer or Framed Innocent?”
20/20
, ABC News, June 3, 1994.

38
. Barbara Campbell, “In Cold Blood?”
New York
magazine, March 7, 1994. Available at http://books.google.com/books?id=XOMCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA32&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false.

39
. Joseph Berger, “Man Guilty on All Counts in Carjacking,”
New York Times
, December 16, 1994.

40
. John Sullivan, “Abduction Suspect Wanted a Car, But Would He Kill for It?”
New York Times
, March 21, 1996.

41
. Chambers’s famed “Fifth Avenue townhouse,” for example, was one apartment in a townhouse on 90th St. acquired through the miracle of another rent-controlled apartment going co-op. Before Giuliani, 90th St. was getting pretty close to Harlem.
At the time of Chambers’s arrest, his mother was many months behind in rent. Nonetheless, Chambers was consistently described as living in a “Fifth Avenue townhouse.” See, generally, Linda Wolfe,
Wasted: The Preppie Murder
(iUniverse, 2000).

42
. See, e.g., Samuel G. Freedman, “Darkness Beneath the Glitter: Life of Suspect in Park Slaying,”
New York Times
, August 28, 1986; Esther Pessin, “Accused Central Park Killer Charged With Burglaries,” United Press International, December 16, 1986; Margot Hornblower, “A Murder among Manhattan’s Elite,”
Washington Post
, August 30, 1986.

43
. Editorial: “The Dirty Little Secret,”
New York Times
, December 23, 1986.

44
. Gary Langer, “Civic Leaders Call for Calm in Face of Racial Attacks,” Associated Press, December 24, 1986.

45
. Gary Langer, “Racial Attack Victim Grimes Is Arrested on Assault Charge,” Associated Press, December 27, 1986.

46
. Jack Beatty, “Howard Beach Portents,”
New York Times
, January 7, 1987.

47
. Dan Collins, “A Bitter Bite of the Big Apple,”
U.S. News & World Report
, January 12, 1987.

48
. Sydney P. Freedberg, “Marchers Denounce Racism: Queens Protesters Met by Hostility,”
Miami Herald
, December 28, 1986.

49
. “Homicide Trends in the U.S., Trends by Race,” Bureau of Justice Statistics. Available at http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/homicide/tables/ovracetab.cfm.

50
. “Week in Review: Not So Simple as a Lynching,”
New York Times
, December 28, 1986.

51
. See, e.g., Todd S. Purdum, “Man Held in Design Student’s Murder,”
New York Times
, May 3, 1986;
People v. Anthony Neal Jenkins
, Sup. Ct. NY, APP DIV, 2d Dept, September 30, 1991. Available at http://ny.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.19910930_0050508.NY.htm/qx.

52
. Samuel G. Freedman, “New York Race Tension Is Rising Despite Gains,”
New York Times
, March 29, 1987.

53
. Jimmy Breslin, “Ugliness of Birmingham Returns—in New York,”
Toronto Star
, January 4, 1987.

54
. See, e.g., Josh Getlin, “Rage and Outrage: Jimmy Breslin’s Racist, Newsroom Pique Provokes a Nationwide Furor,”
Los Angeles Times
, May 15, 1990.

55
. Jack Beatty, “Howard Beach Portents.”

56
. Robert D. McFadden, “The Howard Beach Inquiry: Many Key Questions Persist,”
New York Times
, December 28, 1986.

57
. Virginia Byrne, “Police Sent to Howard Beach as Murder Charges Dropped,” Associated Press, December 30, 1986.

58
. See, e.g., Editorial: “Victory for Reason on Howard Beach,”
New York Times
, August 5, 1989; “Convictions, Sentences Upheld for Howard Beach Defendants,” Associated Press, July 31, 1989.

59
. Charles J. Hynes,
Incident at Howard Beach
(iUniverse, 2011) at 47.

60
. Mark Mooney, “Howard Beach Case Ringleader Deported,”
Daily News
, August 16, 2001.

61
. See, e.g., “No Remorse, No Sense of Guilt,” (New York),
Newsday
January 23, 1988.

62
. “In 2 Other Assault Cases, No Resolution Yet,”
New York Times
, October 26, 1987.

63
.
“Mayor Gets Angry Reaction at Howard Beach Church,” Associated Press, December 29, 1986, Monday, PM cycle.

64
. “Police Report Racial Attack in Brooklyn,” Associated Press, December 29, 1986, Monday, AM cycle.

65
. “Racial Incidents on Rise,”
Washington Post
, January 7, 1987.

66
. “8 Blacks Attack White Cabbie in N.Y. Race Retaliation,”
Chicago Tribune
, December 25, 1987.

67
. “New York: 2 Black Men Assault White Wife of Officer,”
Miami Herald
, January 4, 1988; “Police Say Robbery Was Racially Motivated,”
New York Times
, January 3, 1988.

68
. Dirk Johnson, “Slain Woman Found in Pool of Connecticut Home,”
New York Times
, December 12, 1986, (511 words); Howard W. French, “2 Held in Connection with Death of Woman at New Canaan Home,”
New York Times
, December 15, 1986 (363 words); “2d Murder Charge Filed in Drowning,”
New York Times
, January 1, 1987 (113 words).

69
. On July 23, 2007, ex-cons Joshua Komisarjevsky, 26, and Steven J. Hayes, 44, assaulted and bound Dr. William A. Petit Jr., 50, in his Cheshire, Connecticut home and proceeded to sexually assault his wife, Jennifer Hawke-Petit, 48, and one of their daughters before murdering Mrs. Hawke-Petit and both daughters Hayley, 17, and Michaela, 11. The men set the house on fire and were caught fleeing the premises. Both were given the death penalty. In response to the heinous crime, idiot Democrats repealed the death penalty in Connecticut: Peter Applebome, “Death Penalty Repeal Goes to Connecticut Governor,” April 11, 2012.

70
. See, e.g., “Woman Meets Flaming Death at Hands of Tormentors,” Associated Press, October 4, 1973. Available at http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1665&dat=19731004&id=0T5PAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WyQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7073,3010511).

71
. Kathryn Shattuck, “What’s On Today,”
New York Times
, February 17, 2011.

72
. Associated Press, “Tennessee: Killer Sentenced to Death,”
New York Times
, October 31, 2009.

73
. Column reprinted in Nelson George,
Buppies, B-boys, Baps, And Bohos: Notes on Post-Soul Black Culture
at 223–40.

CHAPTER 4: HEY, WHATEVER HAPPENED TO THAT STORY…

1
. Dan Jacobson, United Press International, March 23, 1987.

2
.   Thomas Morgan, “50 Arrested in Anti-Racism Protest at Columbia,”
New York Times
, April 22, 1987.

3
.   “23 Seized in Protest on Columbia Clash,”
New York Times
, April 8, 1987.

4
.   “Racial Bias Protest at Columbia,”
New York Times
, April 5, 1987.

5
.   Barbara Kantrowitz with Bill Turque, “Blacks Protest Campus Racism,”
Newsweek
, April 6, 1987.

6
.   Robert Marquand, “School Colors: Uneasy Gray Between Black and White,”
Christian Science Monitor
, June 14, 1988.

7
.   “Emory Students Hold Rally for Hospitalized Student,” United Press International, April 13, 1990.

8
.   
“Police Say Racist Threats Were Faked,”
Chicago Tribune
, June 3, 1990; “Misspelling Is Cited in Threat.”
New York Times
, June 2, 1990.

9
.   “Racial Attacks Leave Freshman in Severe Shock,”
New York Times
, April 22, 1990.

10
. Editorial: “Discipline in Black and White,”
Boston Herald,
February 23, 1993; “A Test of Racism Produces an Uproar,”
New York Times,
February 17, 1993.

11
. Jodi Wilgoren, “Christian College Secludes Students after Hate Letters,”
New York Times
, April 23, 2005.

12
. See, e.g., “Black Student Sends Threats, Police Say,” (Ohio)
Akron Beacon Journal
, April 27, 2005.