Nazi Germany and the Jews: The Years of Persecution, 1933-1939 (75 page)

Madagascar, proposed transfer of Jews to, 219, 283, 301, 310, 377

Mager, Hans Wolfgang, 327

Mahraun, Arthur, 103–4

Main Office for the Security of the Reich (RSHA), 198

Malinoff, E. O., 120

Mann, Heinrich, 11

Mann, Klaus, 10, 62, 336

Mann, Thomas, 11, 13–14, 79, 108, 130, 300, 337

Marcuse, Herbert, 192

marriage between Jews and Christians, 44, 120–22, 138, 142, 146, 148, 149–50, 152, 153, 155, 157–58, 167, 290–91

Marrus, Michael, 220

Marxism,
see
anti-Communism; Communism

Maurras, Charles, 212, 221

Mauthausen, 207, 246–47

Mayer, Joseph, 210

media:

anti-Jewish articles in, 123–25, 223

Jews in, 26, 33, 79, 80

sympathy for Jews expressed in, 128–30

see also
international opinion

medical profession, Jews in, 30, 31, 33, 56, 69, 149, 161, 225–26, 258, 379, 385

Medicus, Franz Albrecht, 147

Meinecke, Friedrich, 190

Mein Kampf
(Hitler), 46, 74, 97, 98, 100, 101, 192, 207

Melanchthon, Philipp, 327

Melchior, Carl, 74

“Memorandum on the Jewish Question,” 61–62

Mennecke, Friedrich, 196

mental patients, 209, 328–29, 331

Messersmith, George S., 69

Metz, Friedrich, 293

Meyerhof, Otto, 51–52

Milch, Erhard, 153, 321

Mildenstein, Baron Leopold Itz Edler von, 63–64, 198

military service, Jewish:

banning of, 117, 137

in World War I, 15, 16, 28, 29, 55, 58, 61, 73–75, 117, 292–93

Mischlinge
, 140, 144, 153, 170–71, 181, 229, 254, 289, 327, 350–51, 367

categories of, 117, 148, 149–50, 151, 156–57

marriage and citizenship laws and, 148, 149–50, 157–58, 164, 237, 290–91, 321–23

Mommsen, Hans, 34, 341

Mosse, Rudolf, 79

Moutet, Marius, 219

Mrugowsky, Joachim, 373

Muchow, Reinhold, 19

Müller, Heinrich, 198, 319

Müller, Karl Alexander von, 190–91, 192

Müller, Ludwig, 44, 124

Munich, 22, 24, 92, 102, 115, 131, 133, 137–38, 229, 253, 265, 272, 284

Munich University, 52, 347

“Murder in Davos” (Ludwig), 182

music, de-Judaization of, 131–35, 252–53, 336, 365

Mussolini, Benito, 250, 265

Mutschmann, Martin, 145

“My Way as German and Jew” (Wassermann), 109–10

names, name changes, of Jews, 27, 34–35, 36, 125, 135–36, 152, 254–55

National Association of Jews in Germany, 60

nationalism, 2, 44, 56, 178, 309

anti-Semitism and, 85, 87, 93–94, 215, 218

National Representation of German Jews, 60–61, 124

National Representation of Jews in Germany, 167

National Socialist Association of Teachers, 298

National Socialist Students Association, 13, 56, 57, 58

Naumann, Max, 15, 109

Nazi Enterprise Cells Organization (NSBO), 19

Nazi Party, 16, 37, 39, 40, 46, 63, 97, 101, 105, 117–18, 120, 270

anti-Semitic enemies of, 165–66

Congress of, 71, 141–43, 147–48, 155, 183, 184, 255

conservative faction of, 236–37, 259, 279

early anti-Semitism in, 359

early political targets and agenda of, 17–26

electoral successes of, 102–3, 106

formal name of, 17–18, 95

Heidegger and Schmitt’s memberships in, 55

Jews excluded from, 340–41

language and logic as used by, 306–8

Racial Policy Office of, 55, 139, 144, 154, 245

radical faction of, 3–4, 19–20, 23, 24, 29, 70–71, 137, 138, 148–49, 163, 164, 313, 335

Reich Central Party Office of, 133

short vs. long-term goals of, 18, 26

state power of, 194–95

“Nazi Visits Palestine, A” (Mildenstein), 63–64

Negroes, 153, 195, 196, 207–8

Neurath, Konstantin Freiherr von, 20, 34, 146, 236, 238

newspapers, Jewish, banning of, 130, 283–84

“New Testament and the Race Question, The,” 45

Nicolai, Helmut von, 27

Nicosia, Francis, 64, 349

Niederstetten, 41–42

Niemöller, Martin, 45, 163, 344

Night of the Long Knives, 114–15, 137, 147, 206, 207

Nipperdey, Thomas, 81

Nobel Prize laureates, 50, 51, 57, 131

Nolte, Ernst, 98

“non-Aryan,” definition of, 27

Now and Forever
(Roth), 372

Nuremberg Laws, 34, 65, 117, 122, 141–44, 145–51, 161, 181, 187, 204, 235, 283, 291, 330, 367–68

see also
Citizenship Law; Law for the Defense of German Blood and Honor; Reich Flag Law

Nuremberg Trials, 146

Oberdorfer, Erich Israel, 325–26

Oberländer, Theodor, 186

Obermayer, Leopold, 113–14, 205–7

Oesterreich, Traugott Konstantin, 50

Offenburg, 231–32

Office of the Deputy Führer, 224, 225, 243

Ogilvie-Forbes, Sir George, 316

Ohlendorf, Otto, 198

Okhrana, 94

Olympic Games, of 1936, 117, 123, 139, 180–81, 205, 371

Orthodox German Jewry, 167, 198

Ostjuden
, 18, 353

Ostmark, 241

pacifists, 56, 57, 109, 213

Palestine, 9, 21, 218, 270, 300, 313

division of, 237–38

Jewish emigration to, 61–65, 165, 168–70, 201, 225, 237–38, 299, 304, 370

Pan-German League, 76

Paris, 55, 220, 268, 280, 292

Pastor’s Emergency League, 45

Patriotic Front, 242

Pechel, Rudolf, 109–10

Peel Commission, 237–38

People at Sea
(Priestley), 332–33

People’s Tribunal, 20

Pfundtner, Hans, 135, 148, 150, 226

Physicians’ Honor Tribunal, 30

physics, 193–94

Pieczuch, Konrad, 111

Pietrowski, Edmund, 26

Pius XI, Pope, 190, 250–51

Pius XII, Pope, 43, 47, 223, 251

placards, anti-Jewish, 116–17

Planck, Max, 52, 131, 346

pogroms, 108, 269–78

Kristallnacht, 20, 70, 153, 236, 258, 261, 269–77, 289, 293, 296, 299, 300, 310, 332

in Poland, 218, 352–53

Pohl, Oswald, 246

Poland, 20, 186, 266–67, 278, 377

anti-Semitism in, 214, 215–19, 352–53

Nazi invasion of, 311, 330–31

police forces, German, 194–95

political parties, dissolution of, 17, 39

Polkes, Feivel, 201

Pollack, Isidor, 243

Popitz, Johannes, 139, 279

population:

of Austrian Jews, 241

of concentration camps, 203

of French Jews, 220, 378

of German Jews, 15, 16, 62, 77, 150–51, 257, 316–17, 338, 352–53, 393

of Gypsies in Germany, 205

of Italian Jews, 250

of
Mischlinge
, 150–51, 367

of Polish Jews, 186, 217, 266–67, 352–53

Preussische Zeitung
, 57

Priestley, J. B., 332–33

Prinz, Arthur, 110

Prinz, Hermann, 126

Prinz, Joachim, 15–16, 146

Propaganda Ministry, German, 9, 10, 32–33, 61, 67, 117, 136, 321, 328

Property Transfer Office, 242, 243

“Propositions on the Aryan Question” (Niemöller), 45, 344

Protestant churches, Protestants, 107, 138, 209–10, 326

anti-Semitism and, 41–42, 43–46, 47, 59–60, 83, 189–90, 339–40

Nuremberg Laws and, 163, 164

Protocols of the Elders of Zion
, 94–95, 217, 303, 356, 357, 372

Prussian Academy of the Arts, 10–11, 12

Prussian Confessing Synod, 163

Prussian Evangelical Church, 44

psychoanalysis, 193, 343

public facilities and transportation, Jews banned from use of, 36–37, 122–23, 126–27, 138, 161, 166–67, 229, 230–31, 281–82, 285

public opinion, on Nazi anti-Jewish policies, 3, 4, 18, 22, 68, 69–70, 125–26, 162–67, 289, 294–98, 323–24, 331–32

publishing industry, Jews in, 24–25, 79–80, 130, 337

Raabe, Peter, 132

race:

Jews as, 118–20, 151–55

see also
anti-Semitism, racial; blacks

Rachkovsky, Piotr, 94

Racial Manifesto, 250

Rafelsberger, Walter, 243, 245, 247

Randall, A. W. G., 299

Rapp, Alfred, 159–60

Rassenschande
(race defilement), 159, 161–62, 163, 254, 325–26, 369–70

Rath, Ernst vom, 207, 236, 268, 271, 273, 274, 278, 279, 280, 292, 302, 387

Rathenau, Walther, 74, 75, 94, 108, 130, 356

refugees, Jewish, 248–49, 263–68, 299–305, 315

Reich Association of German Writers, 11

Reich Association of Jewish War Veterans, 15

Reich Board for Economic Management, 247

Reich Central Office for Jewish Emigration, 319

Reich Chamber of Culture (RKK), 11, 32, 118, 131

Reich Flag Law, 142, 148

Reich Institute for the History of New Germany, Jewish Section of, 191–92, 227

Reich Labor Exchange, 319

Reich Office for Ancestry Research, 135–36

Reich Physicians’ Chamber, 258

Reichsbank, 25, 62, 315

Reichskulturkammer, 136–37, 365

Reichstag, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, 28, 70, 74, 100, 105, 106, 308

Reichsvereinigung, 318

Reichswehr, 147

Reinhardt, Max, 12, 252

Religious Affairs Ministry, German, 326

Renteln, Theodor Adrian von, 19

Research Institute on the Jewish Question, 286

resorts, Jews banned from, 127, 139, 143, 227, 282

Revisionists, 304

Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 223, 265, 267, 280, 300, 301, 315

right-wing movements, East European, 215

Ritter, Gerhard, 54, 297

Ritter, Robert, 205

ritual murder, 123–24

RKK (Reich Chamber of Culture), 11, 32, 118, 131

Road into the Open, The
(Schnitzler), 81

Röhm, Ernst, 114, 206

Romania, 215, 263

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 21, 180–81, 248, 299, 311

Rosenberg, Alfred, 109, 131–33, 182, 183, 184, 192, 232
n
253, 255, 256, 364, 372

Rosenfeld, Arnold, 41

Rosenfelder, Fritz, 37

Rothenberg, Franz, 243

Rothmund, Heinrich, 264

Rothschild archives, 255

Rothschild family, 260

Rublee, George, 249, 315, 316

Rumbold, Sir Horace, 68–69

Rundschau, 24, 25