Afterward, Neal and I discussed the book many times. Well, in the beginning, Neal was thrilled. I mean, no one could have given Neal a finer complimentâin his eyes. He was proud that someone found him interesting enough to be written about, but especially someone that he thought so much of as Jackâsomeone he admired as much as he did Jack. The strange thing about the two of them, when they were with each other, it seemed like they were totally unaware of the other one's real feelings. This was true even for Nealâeven though he knew Jack had written so much about him. I mean, they knew that they cared for each other; but I think on both of their parts they felt the friendship was unequal. They, Jack and Neal, each felt it was more on their part than it was on the other side. Do you understand what I'm saying?
They were both very envious of one another. It never interfered with their association, but it was a very obvious thing when you'd see them together. Everything that Neal was, Jack would wantâhad wantedâwould like to be. And everything that Jack was, Neal would have given his right arm to be, or to have. Neal not only envied the schooling Jack had; he also envied the football thing, the athletic ability, the good looks, the ability to sit down and write the way Jack did. There were just so many things Neal didn't have that had come naturally to Jack. And on the other hand, on Jack's part, he envied Neal for his powers with women, of course; but he also envied Neal's whole attitude, the confidence that Neal projected that Jack lacked. Neal's ability to go anywhere and to act sure of himself
was something Jack was very envious of Neal about. I think the women part of it was a small part. I mean, Jack was very envious of Neal's ability to talk to women so easily, and talk them into anything so easily, but I think that's on any man's mind.
The tragedy was that they never seemed to be aware of how great, how deep, were the feelings each one had for the other. Maybe in later years they started to understand a little. But I know in the beginning years they didn't. Neal was always apologizing to Jack. Like when Neal would write letters to him, it was a constant series of apologies. “I'm sorry, well you know how I can't write,” Neal would always begin. “I can't write lettersâI'm lousy at letter writing,” and
blah blah blah
. It was torture for him to write to Jack because he felt so inadequate because of Jack's writing. Neal even felt that his handwriting was bad, and he didn't feel that he expressed himself well.
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Neal Cassady and Natalie Jackson, San Francisco, 1954 or 1955. (Photo courtesy of Anne Marie Santos.)
On the one hand, I think when Jack made Neal the hero of
On the Road
, it changed Neal's whole life. He was extremely proud, but I think it also started a thing with Neal that he felt he had to live up to.
On the Road
put Neal on a road of what I would call self-denial. I don't know if that word is applicable or not, but that's what it seemed to me. Neal would deny himself certain thingsâthings that he would have done, or would like to have done and might have doneâsimply because of this image of him that was growing in people's minds and that he felt he had to keep up with, the image of Dean Moriarty from the book. There was this image now that people had of himâin a way, it meant he had to start performing for Jack, and for other people too. I don't mean it was necessarily just about how Neal related to Jack. I think Neal felt he had to perform, periodâespecially as the years went by. Because, when Neal was young, he did have a great deal of ambition, and somehow that just disappeared.
I know that we all look at Neal in different ways, but I was maybe the only person that Neal stayed close to through all the years; Neal stayed in touch with me always. He came to me almost any time there was some kind of a trauma in his lifeâlike when Natalie Jackson committed suicide.
23
That happened in the fall of 1955, when Jack was out here for that big poetry reading. I didn't see him then, but I stayed with Neal for two weeks after Natalie's death. I really, really was worried about him. I thought, if Neal ever came close to suicide, that was it, because he felt he had let her down. I think that was a big turning point in Neal's life too,
because every girl he ever brought to me after that seemed to be a girl that he felt needed him, a girl that had some kind of problems. Not necessarily problems with paying the rent or that kind of thing, but psychological problems. After Natalie's death, it seemed like the girls he was being drawn to were the ones that really leaned on himâbecause he felt he'd really let Natalie down so badly, and he was somehow trying to make it up by helping other girls who were troubled in a similar way.
It was a very bad period for him after Natalie died. When he called me, for the first two days all we did was sit together in their apartment, and he just wanted to tell me about her. I just let him talk. He had little notes that she had written him and left for him. I guess she went out to the roof when he was sleeping or loaded or whatever. And he would read these notes over and over and over, trying to find something in them that would take him off the hookâdo you know what I mean? Anything that would show he wasn't to blame for her death.
I've heard people say that the things Jack wrote about Neal in
On the Road
were the things Neal was least proud of. If that's true, the book would only have added to all this guilt he was already carrying around.
PART SIX
T
here's no doubt that Lu Anne played a significant role in the
Beat Generation, but in one respect her viewpoint was unparalleled, in that she was the only person who observed the tandem procession of Cassady and Kerouac to their nearly identical, self-induced deaths.
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Lu Anne:
The funny thing is that Jack was going down, in his own way, at the same time that Neal was. When I saw Jack in 1957, I was shocked by how changed he was. The only occasion when I was over at his little house, where he lived with his mother, was that one day when I showed up with Neal and Al Hinkle. But I also saw Jack a couple of times after that over in San Francisco. Neal was not with me on those other two occasions. I met him down on Broadway one afternoonâI parked about half a block from Vesuvio'sâand we only spent about three or four hours together. That was when I first became aware that Jack was drinking. Before that, I had never seen Jack drunkânever. I
mean, I'd seen him feeling good a little, you know, when we were all drinking. But Neal was never a drinker. Neal never drank anything but beer. Back in those early years, none of us were real drinkers. We could all get drunk on two or three drinks. No, I had never seen Jack drink before. That's why I was concerned and surprised to see him drinking steadily, just one after another.
I was also surprised because Jack was, at that time, kind of putting pot down. He was not really ranting or anything; but unlike the old Jack, he had become very critical of other people. Before, Jack would not have expounded on much of anything, to any extent like that. In fact, Jack used to get loaded on pot all the time! He was always smoking pot with Neal. Pot was just sort of a standard in their group. It was no big thing or anything anybody even thought about. I saw Jack high plenty of times, but I never saw him drunkâI mean, the way he started getting drunk that day. I never got the sort of impressions that I was getting now about his drinkingâthat it was making him mean and argumentative. I mean, he was
drinking!
He was drinking hard liquor that afternoon. Both times I saw him in San Francisco he was drinking hard liquorâI think it was whisky. I know he wasn't drinking beer, which is what he usually had drunk before. He and Neal would always just have a few beers together.
We had hard liquor when we had parties and stuff like that, but we'd have a few drinks and that would be all. Jack wasn't that interested in hard liquor back then. Except that one time in 1948, when he was having so much trouble with that blonde girl Pauline, the one who wanted to use him to get out of a bum situation with her husband. It seemed like every time Jack saw her, she always had some kind of problem that Jack was gonna have to attack. She kept egging him on, telling him about her husband beating her up. Jack was feeling a lot of pressure because it wasn't a situation he was prepared to take over. He wasn't prepared to take on some truck driver, you know, and rescue the fair maiden, and she wasn't the fair maiden to begin with. Neal was really upset about it. He told me that Jack had started drinking with her, that she was a drinker and liked the hard stuff herself.
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Jack Kerouac looking at photos of old girlfriends in his bedroom, Northport, Long Island, 1964. (Photo by Jerry Bauer.)
The second occasion I met Jack in San Francisco, in 1957, we had a better time together. I met him up on Grant Avenue, and we left there and went out to Golden Gate Park, where we spent the whole afternoon. When we first met and we started talking, he was the same old, soft, loving Jack. And then, as the afternoon wore on, he started making more and more trips across the street to this barâI still know exactly where it is. It was called the “Park” something. I went over with him a couple of times. We sat down and had a couple of drinks together. But it surprised me how he began to change after he'd been drinking for a couple of hours. How could I describe it? He became totally unlike himself, totally unlike the Jack that I had known. He was opinionated about things, and Jack had never been that way. I mean, of course Jack had had opinions, but not like now. Now he was expounding on certain things; and as he drank, he just seemed like he grew harder, like he wasn't gonna let any feelings come through. Or like he wanted to forget the feelings he had. I can't quite explain it. It was like he didn't want to let himself show any of the old tenderness he used to feel for me.
Actually, in the beginning of our visit, it
had
been tender and beautiful. And then, as the day wore on, it was as though he just started speaking in clichés. “Don't let anything bother you!” he'd proclaim in this loud voice. It was this slaps-on-the-back kind of talk. It was like he was bluffing happiness, pretending to be happy when he really wasn't. He had changed. Like I said, I had seen Neal change. But usually when Neal and I were together, Neal was still Neal. I saw a tremendous change in Neal, but Neal was still Neal when we were together and we talked. But Jack, when he
was drinking at least, became someone I didn't recognize. I wasn't around him often enough in those days to see if it was a superficial thing, just for thenâthat particular afternoon when he had to deal with meâor if he acted that way all the time. The drinking put on a veneer that didn't let any feelings through, and he wanted it there. I mean, he seemed to be able to handle himself better then. When he was drinking, he could tell people whatever he felt like saying. I don't know. Neal and Jack both changed.