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Authors: Dante

BOOK: Paradiso
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and I saw her eyes so clear, so joyful,

               
that her aspect in its radiance outshone   

57
           
her former glory, even that most recent.

               
And as, from feeling more delight in doing good,

               
a man becomes aware from day to day

60
           
of his increasing virtue,

               
seeing that miracle adorned with greater brightness,   

               
I became aware my wheeling circles

63
           
through the heavens had grown wider in their arc.

               
And such a change as passes in a moment   

               
from the blushing face of a fair-skinned lady,

66
           
unburdened of the reason for her shame,

               
greeted my eyes once I had turned around,

               
because of the white radiance of the temperate

69
           
sixth star, which had gathered me into itself.

               
In that torch of Jupiter I watched   

               
the sparkling of the love resplendent there

72
           
make signs, before my eyes, of our speech.   

               
And as birds risen from the river’s edge,   

   

               
seeming to celebrate their pleasure in their food,   

75
           
form now a rounded arc, and now another shape,

               
so, radiant within their lights, the holy creatures   

               
sang as they flew and shaped themselves

78
           
in figures, now
D
, now
I
, now
L
.

               
At first, singing, they danced to their own tune.

               
And then, taking on one of these shapes,

81
           
they paused in their movement and were silent.

               
O divine Pegasean, who bestow glory   

   

               
and long life on genius, as, with your help,

84
           
it gives life to towns and kingdoms,

               
inspire me with your light so that I may set down

               
their shapes as I conceived them in my mind.

87
           
May your power appear in these few lines.

               
They then displayed themselves in five times seven   

   

               
consonants and vowels, and I saw these letters

90
           
singly, and in the order they were traced.

               
DILIGITE IUSTITIAM
—these letters,   

   

               
placed together, verb and noun, came first,

93
           
QUI IUDICATIS TERRAM
, last.

               
Then they came to rest in the fifth word’s
M
   

               
so that this place in Jupiter was shining   

96
           
as does silver overlaid with gold.

               
And I saw other lights descend and settle   

               
on the
M
’s high crest to sing, I think,

99
           
of that great Good which draws them to Itself.   

               
Then, as when someone strikes a burning log,   

   

               
causing innumerable sparks to fly,   

102
         
sparks from which the foolish form their divinations,

               
just so a thousand lights and more appeared

               
to rise from there and mount, some more, some less,

105
         
as the Sun that kindles them ordained.   

               
When each had settled in its place

               
I saw an eagle’s head and neck

108
         
take shape out of that overlay of fire.

               
He who fashions there has need of none to guide Him   

               
but Himself. Thus we recognize as His

111
         
the form that every bird takes for its nest.

               
The other blessèd spirits, who seemed at first content   

               
to turn themselves into a lily on the
M
,   

114
         
with gentle motion joined, completing the design.

               
O lovely star, how many and how bright the jewels   

               
that showed me that our earthly justice

117
         
comes from that heaven, brilliant with your gems!

               
Therefore, I entreat the Mind, in which your motion   

   

               
and your power begin, to look down on the source

120
         
of smoke that dims your radiant beam,

               
so that your wrath come down once more

               
on those who buy and sell within the temple,   

123
         
whose walls were built of miracle and martyrdom.

               
O soldiery of Heaven, whom I contemplate,   

               
pray for those still on the earth,

126
         
those led astray by bad example!   

               
It was the custom once to go to war with swords.   

               
Now wars are fought withholding here and there

129
         
the bread our loving Father keeps from none.

               
But you who write only to cancel,   

   

               
remember this: Peter and Paul, who died   

132
         
to save the vineyard you lay waste, still live.

               
Well may you say: ‘I have so set my heart

               
on him who chose to live in solitude

               
and who for a dance was dragged to martyrdom

136
         
that I know neither the Fisherman nor Paul.’

OUTLINE: PARADISO XIX

JUPITER

1–6
   
joyous in their enjoyment of God, these souls appeared to Dante as one, yet each seemed itself a glowing ruby;
7–12
   
the wonder of what Dante saw and heard the Eagle say;
13–18
   
the Eagle speaks: “For being just and dutiful I am here exalted; on earth my example of virtue is not followed”
19–21
   
simile: many embers make a single warmth as many loves combine to sing in unison from the beak of the Eagle
22–24
   
Dante now addresses the souls (metaphorically flowers):
25–33
   
he hopes that they will speak and clarify once and for all the reason for the damnation of virtuous pagans
34–39
   
simile: falcon, unhooded and preening, is like a banner woven of lauds, songs known to the saved, of divine grace
40–63
   
The Eagle: “God’s wisdom exceeds that of his creations; if
[Lucifer]
failed to understand, how can you expect to?
64–66
   
“His light alone reveals all, your senses being faulty
67–69
   
“and now you understand why you cannot understand;
70–78
   
“where is,” you want to know, “the justice that condemns a just
Indian
, living outside the Christian dispensation?
79–84
   
“and who are you, Dante, to question God’s justice?
85–90
   
“O you gross minds, not understanding God’s goodness!”
91–96
   
simile: mother stork hovering over the chick she has fed compared to the Eagle hovering over Dante
97–99
   
simile (Eagle speaks): “the notes I sing to you, Dante, escape your ken, just as God’s judgment evades mortals.”
100–102
   
Now the shining flames of the Holy Spirit grow quiet,
103–108
   
only to start up again: “No one ever came up here who did not believe in
Christ
;
109–114
   
“condemned pagans will themselves condemn erring Christians at the Judgment, seeing their many sins.
115–141
   
ACROSTIC: THE PESTILENCE OF TWELVE KINGS IN 1300
115–117
   
(1) Emperor Albert
(1298–1308), Austria
118–120
   
(2) [Philip the Fair]
(1285–1314), France
121–123
   
(3) [Edward I]
(1272–1307), England
124–125
   
(4) [Ferdinand IV of Castile]
(1295–1312), Spain
125–126
   
(5) [Wenceslaus IV]
(1278–1305), Bohemia
127–129
   
(6) [Charles II]
(1285–1309), Naples (“Jerusalem”)
130–135
   
(7) [Frederick II]
(1296–1337), Sicily
136–138
   
(8) [James of Aragon]
(1276–1311), Majorca & Minorca
(9) [James II of Aragon]
(1291–1327), Aragon
139–140
   
(10) [Dionysius]
(1279–1325), Portugal
(11) [Haakon V]
(1299–1319), Norway
140–141
   
(12) [Stephen (Urosh) II]
(1275–1321), Serbia
142–148
   
CODA: THREE OTHER KINGDOMS
142–143
   
(13) [Andrea III]
(1290–1301), Hungary
143–144
   
(14) [Joanna]
(1284–1305), Navarre
145–148
   
(15) [Henry II of Lusignan]
(1285–1324), Cyprus.”
PARADISO XIX

               
Before my eyes, its open wings outstretched,   

   

               
appeared the lovely image of those interwoven souls,   

3
             
reveling in sweet enjoyment.

               
Each one seemed to be a single ruby

               
in which the sun’s ray burned with such a flame

6
             
it felt as though a sunbeam struck my eyes.

               
And what I now must tell   

               
no voice has ever uttered, nor ink ever wrote,

9
             
nor was it ever seen in phantasy.   

               
For I saw and heard it was the beak that spoke,   

               
sounding with its voice the words for
I
and
my

12
           
when, in conception, it meant
we
and
our
.

               
It said: ‘For being just and merciful   

               
I here am raised unto that glory   

15
           
which by itself desire cannot attain.

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