Patriot Hearts (71 page)

Peter Hemings—
[Pip] Son of Betty Hemings by John Wayles, trained by Jimmy as his replacement as Monticello cook.

Critta Hemings—
Daughter of Betty Hemings by John Wayles; housemaid at Monticello and mother of a son (Jamey) by Jefferson’s nephew Peter Carr.

Young Tom Hemings
1789–(?)—[Little Tom] Oldest son of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings.

Beverly Hemings
1798–(?)—Second son of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings. Reported to have gone to Washington, D.C., and “passed” for white.

Thomas Jefferson
1743–1826—Virginia planter, philosopher, architect, gardener, author (in committee with John Adams and Benjamin Franklin) of the Declaration of Independence, Minister to France, Secretary of State to George Washington, Vice President, and later third President of the United States.

Martha (Wayles) (Skelton) Jefferson
1748–1783—[Miss Patty] Formerly married (for twenty-two months) to Jefferson’s friend Bathurst Skelton, by whom she had a son, John, who died at age four. Jefferson loved her desperately and promised her on her deathbed that he would never marry again.

Patsy (Jefferson) Randolph
1772–1836—[Martha] Oldest daughter of Thomas Jefferson, and his lifelong companion. Married Thomas Randolph, Jr., by whom she had twelve children, and left him shortly after Jefferson’s death. Her youngest son was the first Secretary of War of the Confederate States of America.

Maria (Jefferson) Eppes
1778–1804—[Mary, Polly] Youngest surviving daughter of Thomas Jefferson. Married Jack Eppes by whom she had three children, died two months after the birth of the third.

Lamentation Hawkin
*—Free black carter from Charlottesville; one of Sally’s admirers.

Lacey
*—Patsy Jefferson Randolph’s maid.

Adrien Petit—
Thomas Jefferson’s French valet. Originally employed by John Adams, he went to work for Jefferson when Adams went to England. He remained in France at the beginning of the French Revolution, but rejoined Jefferson at Monticello in 1791. I have been unable to ascertain whether the Monticello overseer from 1794 to 1797, Hugh Petit, was any relation.

Thomas Mann Randolph, Jr.
1768–1828—Virginia planter, U.S. Representative of Virginia, twice elected Governor of Virginia despite severe depression and intermittent mental instability. Son of Jefferson’s old friend Thomas Mann Randolph, Sr., with whom Jefferson grew up. Randolph junior was Patsy Jefferson’s childhood friend, reencountered her in Paris in 1788, and married her in 1790, three months after her return to Virginia. He spent much of his life in debt. Even after he and Patsy were reconciled and he returned to Monticello to live, he had separate quarters from hers.

Anne Carey Randolph
b. 1791—[Annie] First child of Patsy and Tom Randolph.

Thomas Jefferson Randolph
b. 1793—[Jeff] Second child of Patsy and Tom Randolph. In 1795, when their father had a breakdown, Jeff and Annie were taken to Monticello to live for almost two years.

Ellen Wayles Randolph
b. 1796—Second daughter of that name born to Patsy and Tom Randolph; the first, born in 1794, died in infancy.

Cornelia Jefferson Randolph
b. 1799—Fourth child (third surviving) of Patsy and Tom Randolph.

DOLLEY

Lizzie (Collins) Lee
b. 1768 (?)—Dolley’s best friend from the Quaker Meeting in Philadelphia; like Dolley, ejected from the Meeting for marrying out of her faith (to Congressman Richard Lee of Virginia). Remained Dolley’s best friend for life.

Andrew Jackson
1767–1845—First Congressman and later Senator from Tennessee, Judge of the Tennessee Supreme Court, and General of the United States forces defending New Orleans against an invading British force in January of 1815. Seventh President of the United States.

Rachel Jackson
1767–1828—Daughter of Virginia planter and politician John Donelson; later married to Lewis Robards (who seems to have been something of a nutcase), who initiated—but did not complete—divorce proceedings in 1790. Rachel married Andrew Jackson in 1791, in Spanish territory, under the impression that she was a free woman, which turned out not to be the case until 1793. Jackson and Rachel remarried in 1794—as soon as they legally could—and Jackson subsequently shot several people in duels for calling Rachel an adultress. This became a major target for mudslinging in the Presidential elections of 1824 and 1828.

Paul Jennings
b. 1799—James Madison’s slave valet and writer of the first “behind-the-scenes” account of White House life. When in desperate financial straits in later life, Dolley sold Paul to Daniel Webster for a ridiculously low sum so that Paul would have the opportunity to easily work his way out of slavery.

Dolley (Payne) (Todd) Madison
1768–1849—Third
and
fourth First Lady of the United States, she acted as Thomas Jefferson’s hostess through much of his administration (except for one season when Patsy Jefferson Randolph was able to come to Washington). Formerly married to Philadelphia lawyer John Todd, Jr., by whom she had two sons, Payne and Willie.

James Madison, Jr.
1751–1836—[Jemmy] Virginia planter, father of the U.S. Constitution, U.S. Representative of Virginia, Secretary of State for Thomas Jefferson, fourth President of the United States.

Old Colonel Madison
1723–1801—[James Madison, Sr.] Virginia planter, father of President James Madison.

Mother Madison
1731–1829—[Nelly (Conway) Madison] President James Madison’s mother. She and the “Old Colonel” shared the house at Montpelier Plantation with James and Dolley.

John Payne
1740–1792—Dolley Madison’s father, formerly a small planter in Virginia, then a starch-maker in Philadelphia.

Molly (Coles) Payne
1745–1807—[Mary] Dolley Madison’s mother, a devout Quaker.

Anna (Payne) Cutts
1780–1832—Dolley’s favorite sister and lifelong companion. Her granddaughter Adele married Stephen Douglas.

Lucy (Payne) (Washington) Todd
1778–1846—Dolley’s younger sister, who married George Washington’s nephew (George) Steptoe Washington in 1793. After Steptoe’s death in 1809, she married Judge Thomas Todd.

“French John” (Jean-Pierre) Sioussat—
Steward at the White House during Madison’s administration. Formerly steward to British Minister Anthony Merry; had studied for the priesthood, then been a sailor for a time.

Jamie Smith—
James Madison’s free colored valet.

Sophie (Sparling) Hallam
* b. 1765—Childhood friend of Dolley’s, daughter of a Virginia doctor and granddaughter of a Virginia planter, both Loyalists. During the final year of the Revolution she worked as a nurse, then fled with her mother to England and, later, France. Returned to Philadelphia, then to the newly built Federal City, as a dressmaker.

Sukey—
Dolley’s enslaved maidservant.

John Todd, Jr.
1765–1793—Philadelphia lawyer and Quaker, first husband of Dolley Madison.

Payne Todd
1792–1852—Dolley Madison’s aptly named oldest son by John Todd: handsome, charming, much beloved, an alcoholic and a gambler.

Willie Todd
1793—Dolley Madison’s second child by John Todd, born during the yellow fever epidemic and died within a few weeks, on the same day as her husband.

James Todd—
John Todd’s brother, who seems to have tried to push Dolley out of some or all of her inheritance from her husband and father-in-law. He eventually embezzled three thousand dollars from a Philadelphia bank and ran off to Georgia, never to be heard from again.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

It is of course impossible to list all the books (to say nothing of Internet sites) that went into the making of
Patriot Hearts
over the two-plus years of research, writing, rewriting, and editing. As a historian, one constantly picks up bits and pieces of information about how people lived—cooking, laundry, dances, what one did and didn’t do in company—and this information, some of it acquired decades ago, is virtually impossible to trace down. Similarly, a good deal of research is non-written: visits to Monticello and Mount Vernon and Williamsburg to see how far it actually is from the house to the river, the marvelous re-creations of slave quarters and kitchens, the invaluable expertise of docents and reenactors to whom the eighteenth century is as real as the twenty-first (and makes a good deal more sense). (My special thanks to Jefferson’s law teacher George Wythe, and to Williamsburg magnate Robert Carter, for taking the time to chat with me in the Apollo Room of the Raleigh Tavern in Williamsburg one afternoon.)

This is a partial list of the books I found most useful in the writing of
Patriot Hearts.
I’ve arranged them by lady, but there was, of course, considerable overlap. Any or all of these titles can probably be acquired over the Internet.

MARTHA

Bryan, Helen.
Martha Washington, First Lady of Liberty.
New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2002.

Clinton, Catherine.
The Plantation Mistress: Woman’s World in the Old South.
New York: Pantheon, 1982.

Kitman, Marvin.
George Washington’s Expense Account.
New York: Grove Press, 1970.

Lewis, Nelly Custis and Patricia Brady Schmit (ed.).
Nelly Custis Lewis’s Housekeeping Book.
Historic New Orleans Collection, 1982.

George Washington’s Mount Vernon, Official Guidebook.
New York: Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association.

Schwarz, Philip (ed.).
Slavery at the Home of George Washington.
New York: Mt. Vernon Ladies’ Association, 2001.

Thane, Elswyth.
Washington’s Lady.
Philadelphia, PA: Curtis, 1954.

Wiencek, Henry.
An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America.
New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003.

ABIGAIL

Adams, Abigail, and Charles Francis Adams (ed.).
The Letters of Mrs. Adams, Wife of John Adams.
Wilkins, Carter & Co., 1848.

Adams, John and Abigail, and Frank Shuffleton (ed.).
The Letters of John and Abigail Adams.
New York: Penguin Classics, 2004.

Cappon, Lester (ed.).
The Adams-Jefferson Letters.
University of North Carolina Press, 1959.

Forbes, Esther.
Paul Revere and the World He Lived In.
New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1942.

Levin, Phyllis.
Abigail Adams, A Biography.
New York: Thomas Dunne, 2001.

McCullough, David.
John Adams.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001.

Nagel, Paul.
The Adams Women.
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987.

Withey, Lynne.
Dearest Friend: A Life of Abigail Adams.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 1981.

SALLY

Bernier, Olivier.
Pleasure and Privilege.
New York: Doubleday, 1981.

Brodie, Fawn.
Thomas Jefferson, An Intimate Biography.
New York: Norton, 1974.

Burstein, Andrew.
Jefferson’s Secrets.
New York: Basic Books, 2005.

Crawford, Alan.
Unwise Passions.
New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000.

Erickson, Carolly.
To the Scaffold: The Life of Marie Antoinette.
New York: Robson Books, 1992.

Hall, Gordon.
Mr. Jefferson’s Ladies.
Boston: Beacon Press, 1966.

Jefferson, Thomas, and Edwin Morris Betts (ed.).
Thomas Jefferson’s Farm Book.
Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 1999.

Jefferson, Thomas, and Edwin Morris Betts (ed.).
Thomas Jefferson’s Garden Book.
Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 1999.

Kierner, Cynthia.
Scandal at Bizarre: Rumor and Reputation in Jefferson’s America.
New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004.

Kimball, Marie.
Jefferson, the Scene of Europe, 1784–1789.
New York: Coward, McCann, 1950.

Mercier, Louis Sebastien, and Jean-Claud Bonnet (ed.).
Tableau de Paris.
Mercure de France, 1994.

Poisson, Michel.
Paris, Buildings and Monuments.
New York: Harry Abrams, 1999.

Randall, Willard.
Thomas Jefferson, A Life.
New York: Henry Holt, 1993.

Robiquet, Jean.
Daily Life in the French Revolution.
New York: MacMillan, 1965.

Shackelford, George.
Thomas Jefferson’s Travels in Europe 1784–1789.
Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995.

Stein, Susan.
The Worlds of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello.
New York: Harry Abrams, 1993.

DOLLEY

Allgor, Catherine.
Parlor Politics.
University of Virginia, 2000.

Côté, Richard.
Strength and Honor: The Life of Dolley Madison.
Mt. Pleasant, SC: Corinthian Books, 2005.

Ketcham, Ralph.
James Madison: A Biography.
University Press of Virginia, 1990.

Madison, Dolley, and David Mattern and Holly Shulman (eds.).
Selected Letters of Dolley Payne Madison.
University of Virginia Press, 2003.

Pitch, Anthony.
The Burning of Washington.
Naval Institute Press, 1998.

Smith, Margaret Bayard, and Gaillard Hunt (ed.).
The First Forty Years of Washington Society.
New York: Frederick Ungar, 1906.

ALSO:

Bernier, Olivier.
The World in 1800.
New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2000.

Boatner, Mark.
Encyclopedia of the American Revolution.
Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1966.

Garvan, Beatrice.
Federal Philadelphia.
Philadelphia Museum of Art and University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987.

Roberts, Cokie.
Founding Mothers.
New York: William Morrow, 2004.

Seale, William.
The President’s House.
White House Historical Association, 1986.

Unger, Harlow.
The French War Against America.
New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2005.

Much tiny detail about the eighteenth century I gleaned from the various volumes of Muzzleloader Magazine’s
The Book of Buckskinning,
edited by William Schurlock.