Pediatric Primary Care (142 page)

Adults: 300 mg PO q12h or 600 mg PO once a day for 10 days.

Adverse Reactions

Diarrhea, nausea, oral and vaginal candidiasis, headache.

Implications

   May take with or without food.

   Take antacids 2 hours before or after taking medication.

   Take for full length of treatment.

   Suspension can be stored at room temperature, discard after 10 days.

   Adjust dose in renal impairment.

CEFPROZIL–SECOND-GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTIC

Brand Name

Cefzil

Uses

Treat susceptible infections due to
Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis
, acute or chronic bronchitis, secondary bacterial infection, acute sinusitis, otitis media, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, skin infections.

Availability

Oral suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL. Tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg.

Indications/Routes/Dosage

Acute sinusitis: Children 6 months-12 years: 7.5-15 mg/kg PO q12h for 10 days. Adults: 500 mg PO q12h for 10 days.

Otitis media: Children 6 mos-12 years: 15 mg/kg PO q12h for 10 days (max 1 g/day).

Bronchitis: Adult: 500 mg PO q12h for 10 days.

Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: Children 2-12 years: 7.5 mg/kg PO q12h for 10 days. Adults: 500 mg PO q24h for 10 days.

Skin infections: Children 2-12 years: 20 mg/kg PO q24h for 10 days. Adults: 250 mg-500 mg PO q12-24h for 10 days.

Adverse Reactions

Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting; diaper rash, oral and vaginal candidiasis, dizziness, elevation of liver enzymes, severe hypersensitivity reactions.

Implications

   Refrigerate suspension, discard after 14 days.

   May take with or without food.

   Adjust dose for renal impairment.

CEFTRIAXONE–THIRD-GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTIC

Brand Name

Rocephin

Uses

Treat susceptible infections due to Gram-negative bacilli: Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Shigella,

Neisseria, Serratia; Gram-positive organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus; serious lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, gonorrhea, meningitis, septicemia, bone, joint infections.

Availability

Powder for injection: 500 mg, 1 g, 2 g, 10 g.

Indications/Routes/Dosage

Children: 50-75 mg/kg/day divided q12h; adult 1-2 g daily. Max 2 g q12h.

Uncomplicated gonorrhea: adults: 250 mg IM as a single dose.

Meningitis: Children, adult: 100 mg/kg/day IM divided q12h. Max 4 g/day.

Adverse Reactions

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, hypersensitivity, nephrotoxicity.

Implications

  Assess sensitivity to penicillin and other cephalosporins (10% cross over).

  Watch for adverse reactions.

CEFUROXIME SODIUM, CEFUROXIME AXETIL–SECOND-GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTICS

Brand Name

Kefurox, Zinacef, Cefuroxime Axetil, Ceftin

Uses

Treat susceptible infections due to Group B streptococci, pneumococci, staphylococci,
Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella
, bone and joint infection, gonorrhea, lower respiratory tract infections, meningitis, preoperative prophylaxis, septicemia, urinary tract infections.

Availability

Suspension: 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL. Tablet: 250 mg, 500 mg. Infusion: 1.5 g/ 50 mL, 750 mg/50 mL. Injection: 1.5 g, 7.5 g, 750 mg.

Indications/Routes/Dosage

Pharyngitis/tonsillitis: Tablets: 125 mg PO bid for 10 days. Children 3 mos-12 years: 30 mg/kg/day PO in 2 divided doses for 10 days. Max 500 mg/day.