Queens Consort (77 page)
Authors: Lisa Hilton
13.
John of Salisbury.
14.
Brittain Bouchard, op. cit., p.224.
15.
John of Salisbury
16.
Christopher N.L. Brooke,
The Medieval Idea of Marriage (Oxford
, 1989), p.125.
17.
William of Newburgh.
18.
Weir,
Eleanor of Aquitaine
, op. cit., p.89.
19.
Elizabeth A.R. Brown, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine Reconsidered’ in Carmi Parsons and Wheeler,
Eleanor of Aquitaine
, op. cit., p.9.
20.
Lois L. Huneycutt, ‘Alianora Regina Anglorum: Eleanor of Aquitaine and her Anglo-Norman Predecessors as Queens of England’, in Carmi Parsons and Wheeler,
Eleanor of Aquitaine
, op. cit., p.128.
21.
Edmond-Réne Labande,
‘pour Une Image Véridique d’ Alienor d’ Aquitaine
in
Bulletin de la Société des Antiquaires de l’Ouest
, 4th series, No. 2 (1951), quotation trans. Lisa Hilton.
22.
Robert-Henri Bautier, ‘
Etudes sur la France capetienm
’, Art. 5 (London, 1992), P.33.
23.
Marie Hivergneaux, ‘Queen Eleanor and Aquitaine 1137—1189’, in Carmi Parsons and Wheeler,
Eleanor of Aquitaine
, op. cit., p.67.
24.
See Kathleen Nolan, ‘The Queen’s Choice: Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Tombs at Fontevrault’, in Carmi Parsons and Wheeler, Eleanor of Aquitaine, op. cit.
25.
Frank McLynn,
Lionheart and Lackland: King Richard, King John and the Wars of Conquest
(London, 2006), p.43.
CHAPTER 6: BERENGARIA OF NAVARRE
1.
Brown, op. cit., p.13.
2.
Ann Trindade,
Berengaria of Navarre: In Search of Richard’s Lost Queen
(Portland, 1999), p.44.
3.
Ambroise.
4.
William of Newburgh, Ranulph of Higden, Pierre de Langtoft.
5.
Karl Brunner (ed.),
Der mittelenglische Versroman über Richard Lowenherz
(Vienna, 1913), B version II2456.
6.
Trindade, op. cit., p.59.
7.
Roger of Howden,
Gesta
.
8.
Ibid.
9.
See J. Brundage, ‘Sex and Canon Law’ in
The Handbook of Medieval Sexuality
, ed. J. Brundage and V. Bullough (New York, 1996), pp.33—50; also Brundage,
Law, Sex and Christian Society in Medieval Europe
(Chicago, 1987).
10.
McLynn, op. cit., p.267.
11.
Ibid., p.267
12.
Cartulaire de l’Eglise du Mans: Livre Blanc du Chapitre,
ed. Lottin (Archives Departementales de la Sarthe, 1848), p.123.
13.
Honorii III Romani Pontificis Opera Omnia,
ed. J. Horoy (Paris, 1879). Book II, Letter CXCV.
14.
Weir,
Eleanor of Aquitaine,
op. cit., p.321.
15.
A. Bouton,
‘La Vie Tourmentee de la Reine Berengere’
, in
Vie Mancelle
No. 45 (1964), p.26.
CHAPTER 7: ISABELLE OF ANGOULÊME
1.
McLynn, op. cit., p.287.
2.
Andrew W. Lewis, ‘The Birth and Childhood of King John: Some Revisions’ in Carmi Parsons and Wheeler,
Eleanor of Aquitaine
, op.cit., p.166.
3.
McLynn, op. cit., p.244.
4.
Vincent, op. cit., p.173.
5.
H.G. Richardson, ‘Kingjohn and Isabelle of Angoulême’ in
English Historical Review
No. 256, Vol. 65 (July 1950).
6.
Giraldus Cambrensis.
7.
McLynn, op. cit., p.316.
8.
Matthew Paris,
Chronica Majora
.
9.
Quoted in Vincent, op.cit., p.195.
10.
Paul Strohm,
Hochon’s Arrow: The Social Imagination of Fourteenth Century Texts
(Princeton, 1992), p.3.
PART THREE
1.
McLynn, op. cit., p.43.
2.
Margaret Howell,
Eleanor of Provence,
op. cit., p.48.
3.
Ibid., p.274.
4.
The Chronicle of Melrose Abbey
.
5.
Tewkesbury Chronicle
.
6.
John Carmi Parsons,
Eleanor of Castile: Queen and Society in Thirteenth Century England
(New York, 1995), p.39.
7.
H. Johnstone, ‘Poor Relief in the Royal Households of the Thirteenth Century’, in
Speculum
No. 4 (1929).
1.
Opus Chronicorum
.
2.
The story may have originated with Ptolemy of Lucca’s
Historia Ecclesiastica
, in which it is reported as rumour.
3.
John Carmi Parsons, ‘Of Queens, Courts and Books: Reflections on the Literary Patronage of Thirteenth Century Plantagenet Queens’, in June Hall McCash,
The Cultural Patronage of Medieval Women
, op. cit., p.177.
4.
Ibid., p.178.
5.
Susan Groag Bell, ‘Medieval Women Book Owners: Arbiters of Lay Piety and Culture’, in
Signs
No. 4, Vol. 7 (Summer 1982).
6.
John Carmi Parsons,
Eleanor of Castile
, op. cit., p.57.
7.
Walter of Guisborough.
CHAPTER 10: MARGUERITE OF FRANCE
1.
W.M. Ormrod, ‘The Sexualities of Edward II’, in
The Reign of Edward II: New Perspectives
, ed. Gwilym Dodd and Anthony Musson (Woodbridge, 2006), p.22.
2.
J.S. Hamilton, ‘The Character of Edward II: The Letters of Edward of Caernarfon Reconsidered’, in Dodd and Musson, op. cit., p.17.
3.
Annates Paulini
.
4.
The Chronicle of Lanercost
.
5.
Vita Edwardi Secundi
.
6.
Ibid.
7.
Foedera
.
8.
Vita Edwardi Secundi
.
9.
Ibid.
PART FOUR
CHAPTER 11: ISABELLA OF FRANCE
1.
Vita Edwardi Secundi
.
2.
Michael Prestwich, ‘The Court of Edward II’, in Dodd and Musson, op. cit., p.74.
3.
Articles of Deposition in
Foedera
.
4.
Strickland, op. cit., Vol. 1, p.471.
5.
Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I and Edward II
6.
Vita Edwardi Secundi
.
7.
Annales Paulini
.
8.
Vita Edwardi Secundi
.
9.
Ibid.
10.
Ibid.
11.
Ibid.
12.
Ibid.
13.
Geoffrey le Baker,
Chronicon
.
14.
Foedera
.
15.
Ibid.
16.
Brut Chronicle
.
17.
Gwyn Williams,
Medieval London: From Commune to Capital
(London, 1970), p.298.
18.
Both Paul Doherty,
Isabella and the Strange Death of Edward II
(London, 2003) and Alison Weir,
Isabella: She-Wolf of France, Queen of England
(London, 2005) give credence to the idea that Edward II was not murdered at Berkeley Castle. G.P. Cuttino on T.W. Lyman, ‘Where is Edward II?’, in
Speculum
Vol. 53 (July, 1978), gives a rather less breathless account of this strenuously contorted conspiracy theory. No good evidence exists to support either Doherty or Weir, though both are ingenious in their justifications.
19.
Brut Chronicle
.
20.
Ibid.
21.
Calendar of Close Rolls 1330—3,
p.158.
22.
Ormrod, ‘The Sexualities of Edward II’, op. cit., p.43.
23.
Ian Mortimer, ‘Sermons of Sodomy: A Reconsideration of Edward II’s Sodomitical Reputation’, in Dodd and Musson, op. cit., pp.52—3
24.
Ibid., p.52.
25.
Ormrod, ‘The Sexualities of Edward II’, op. cit., p.44.
26.
Robert Fabyan,
The New Chronicles
.
27.
Claire Valente, ‘The Lament of Edward II: Religious Lyric, Political Propaganda’, in
Speculum
No.2, Vol. LXXVIII (April 2002).
28.
Calendar of Papal Registers
.
CHAPTER 12: PHILIPPA OF HAINAULT
1.
The Register of Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter
(London, 1981).
2.
B.C. Hardy,
Philippa of Hainault and her Times
(London, 1910), p.30.
3.
Exeter
Diocese Register
(Canterbury and York Society).
4.
Laynesmith, op. cit., p.118.
5.
Hardy, op. cit., p.112.
6.
Froissart,
Chroniques
.
7.
Juliet Vale,
Edward III and Chivalry
(Woodbridge, Boydell, 1982), p.77.
8.
Hardy, op. cit., p.126.
9.
Paul Strohm, ‘Queens as Intercessors’, in
Hochon’s Arrow
, op. cit., p.103.
10.
Walsingham.
11.
Hardy, op. cit., quoted p.126.
CHAPTER 13: ANNE OF BOHEMIA AND ISABELLE OF FRANCE
1.
V. Dvorakova et al,
Gothic Mural Painting in Bohemia and Moravia 1300—1378
(London, 1964), p.49.
2.
Walsingham.
3.
Ibid.
4.
Knighton Chronicle
.
5.
Gervase Mathew,
The Court of Richard II
(London, 1968), p.38.
6.
MS Reg., 13d fol. 117b, cited in Louisa De Saussure Duls,
Richard II in the Early Chronicles
, p.8.
7.
Marina Belozerskaya,
Rethinking the Renaissance: Burgundian Arts Across Europe
(Cambridge, 2002), p.144.
8.
Nigel Saul,
Richard II
(New Haven, 1997), P.457.
9.
Philippe de Meziéres,
Letter to King Richard II
10.
Susan Groag Bell, ‘Medieval Women Book Owners: Arbiters of Lay Piety and Culture’ in
Signs
, No. 4, Vol. 7 (Summer 1982).
11.
John Wycliffe,
De triplici vinculi amors
, in M. Deanesley (ed.),
The Lollard Bible and Other Medieval Biblical Versions
(Cambridge, 1920), p.248.
12.
Foedera
.
13.
Strohm,
Hochon’s Arrow
, op. cit., p.108.
14.
Philippe de Meziéres, op. cit.
15.
Rachel Gibbons, ‘Isabeau of Bavaria, Queen of France (1385—1422): The Creation of An Historical Villainess’ in
Transactions of the Royal Historical
Society
, 6th series, Vol. 6 (1996)
16.
Juvenal des Ursins, ‘
Histoire de Charles VI, Roy de France’ in Nouvelle Collection de memoires sur I’histoire de France
(Paris, 1836), quotation trans. Lisa Hilton.
17.
See Gervase Mathew, op. cit., and also Michael Bennett,
Richard II and the Revolutions of 1399
(Stroud, 1999).
18.
Chronicles of the Revolution 1307
—
1400
, ed. and trans. Chris Given-Wilson (Manchester, 1993), pp.56—7.
19.
English Historical Documents
IV, p.174.
20.
Walsingham.
21.
Strohm,
Hochon’s Arrow
, op. cit., p.59.
PART FIVE
1.
Paul Strohm,
England’s Empty Throne: Usurpation and the Language of Legitimisation 1399—1422
(New Haven, 1998), p.160.
2.
Cited in Dillian Gordon, ‘A New Discovery in the Wilton Diptych’,
Burlington Magazine
No. 1075, Vol. 134 (October 1992).
3.
Strohm,
England’s Empty Throne
, op. cit., p.157.
4.
Guillaume Gruel,
Chronique d Artur de Richemont
, ed. le Vavasseur, Achille (Paris, 1890)
5.
A.R. Myers, ‘The Captivity of a Royal Witch: The Household Accounts of Queen Joan of Navarre 1419—21’, in
Bulletin of the John Rylands Library
Vol. 24 (1940).
CHAPTER 15: CATHERINE DE VALOIS
1.
Strecche,
Chronicle
.
2.
The Great Chronicle of London
.
3.
The First English Life of Henry V
4.
Gibbons, op. cit.
5.
Juvenal des Ursins, op. cit.
6.
Parisian Journal 1406—1499
.
7.
p. cit.
8.
See E.H. Kantorowicz,
The King’s Two Bodies: A Study in Medieval Political Theology
(Princeton, 1957), p.240.
9.
Anne Crawford,
Letters
, p.116.
10.
Ibid.
11.
J.W. McKenna, ‘Henry VI of England and the Dual Monarchy’, in
Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
Vol. 28 (1965).
12.
Incerti Scriptoris Chronicon Angliae (Giles’s Chronicle)
.
13.
Ralph A. Griffiths and Roger S. Thomas,
The Making of the Tudor Dynasty
(Stroud, 2005), p.38.
14.
Sir John Wyn of Gwydir, cited in Griffiths and Thomas, ibid., p.38.
15.
Laynesmith, op. cit., p.41.
16.
David Crouch, ‘Noble Women: The View from the Stands’ in
The Birth of Nobility: Constructing Aristocracy in England and France 900—1300
(Harlow, 2005), p.316.
CHAPTER 16: MARGUERITE OF ANJOU
1.
Philippe Erlanger,
Margaret of Anjou: Queen of England
(London, 1970), p.29.