Republic or Death! (44 page)

Finally, thanks to you for reading it. This book is a snapshot in time; please visit the countries mentioned and explore them for yourself.

Anthems are one of history's most neglected subjects, many historians seeming to have decided they are simply a novelty. That means much of the information in this book comes from interviews – not just with the people mentioned, but countless others who generously gave me their time. I could not be more grateful for their help, but any errors in here are entirely mine. However, there are some books, articles, websites and radio programmes that I found particularly useful and here are some of those, arranged by chapter.

De Bruin, Martine, ‘Het Wilhelmus Tijdens de Republiek',
Volkskundig Bulletin,
24 (1998), pp. 16–42

Malcolm, Noel,
Kosovo: A Short History,
1998

Jobbins, Siôn,
The Welsh National Anthem: Its Story, Its Meaning,
2013

Association Louis-Luc pour l'Histoire et La Mémoire de Choisy-le-Roi,
Rouget de Lisle et la Marseillaise

Carlyle, Thomas,
The French Revolution,
1837

Leconte, Alfred,
Rouget de Lisle: Sa Vie, Ses Oeuvres, la Marseillaise,
1892

Schama, Simon,
Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution,
1989

Tulard, Jean,
Napoléon et Rouget de L'Isle,
2000

Hilton, Isabel, ‘Royal Blood',
New Yorker
, 30 July 2001, pp. 42–57 – the source for many of the details of the royal massacre and the events surrounding it

Hutt, Michael, ‘Singing the New Nepal',
Nations and Nationalism
, 18 (2) (2012), pp. 306–25 – the source for many details of the anthem competition

Whelpton, John,
A History of Nepal
, 2005 – the only real English-language history of the country and source for much about the Maoist uprising

Ferris, Marc,
Star-Spangled Banner: The Unlikely Story of America's National Anthem
, 2014

Hildebrand, David,
Broadside to Anthem: Music of the War of
1812
,
2012 – a radio documentary on the music from the time when the anthem was composed

Scott Key, Francis,
Poems of the Late Francis Scott Key,
1857

Svejda, George,
History of the Star-Spangled Banner: From
1814
to Present,
1969

Vogel, Steve,
Through the Perilous Fight: Six Weeks that Saved the Nation
, 2013

Aspinall, Robert and Cave, Peter, ‘Lowering the Flag: Democracy, Authority and Rights at Tokorozawa High School',
Social Science Japan
, 4 (1) (2001), pp. 77–93 – the source for much of the detail of the Tokorozawa incident

Aspinall, Robert,
Teachers' Unions and the Politics of Education in Japan
, 2001

Buruma, Ian,
Inventing Japan
1853
–
1964, 2004

Cripps, Denise, ‘Flags and Fanfares: The Hinomaru Flag and Kimigayo Anthem'
,
in Goodman, Roger and Neary, Ian (eds),
Case Studies on Human Rights in Japan,
1996, pp. 76–108

Dower, John,
Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Aftermath of World War II,
1999 – the source for the story that Japanese soldiers turned and faced the country when singing ‘Kimigayo' abroad

Imamura, Akira, ‘John William Fenton (1813–1890) and the Japanese National Anthem Kimigayo', in Japan Society,
Britain & Japan: Biographical Portraits
, 9 (2014)

Tsukahara, Yasuko, ‘State Ceremony and Music in Meiji-era Japan',
Nineteenth-century Music Review
, 10 (2) (2013), pp. 223–38

Aitken, Jonathan,
Kazakhstan: Surprises and Stereotypes After
20
Years of Independence
, 2012

Aitken, Jonathan,
Nazarbayev and the Making of Kazakhstan
, 2009 – hagiography, but Aitken has had more access to Kazakhstan's president than any other researcher

Hersh, Seymour, ‘The Price of Oil',
New Yorker
, 9 July 2001, pp. 48–65 – tells the story of Kazakhgate, which includes allegations surrounding the country's oil deals

Howard, Keith, ‘North Korea: Songs for the Great Leader, with Instructions from the Dear Leader',
in Orange, M. (ed.),
Cahiers d'Études Coréennes
7
: Mélanges offerts a Li Ogg et Daniel Bouchez,
2001, pp. 103–30

Huang, Natasha,
‘East is Red': A Musical Barometer for Cultural Revolution Politics and Culture
, 2008

Locard, Henri,
Pol Pot's Little Red Book: The Sayings of Angkar
, 2005

Robbins, Christopher,
In Search of Kazakhstan: The Land that Disappeared,
2007

Short, Philip,
Pol Pot: The History of a Nightmare,
2005

Bateman, Stringer,
The Strange Evolution of ‘Our Illiterate National Anthem' from a Rebel Song …
, 1902

Buckmaster, Herbert,
Buck's Book
, 1933 – the source for the quote about my great-grandfather

Connelly, Charlie,
Stamping Grounds: Exploring Liechtenstein and its World Cup Dream,
2002

Cummings, William,
God Save the King: The Origin and History of the Music and Words of the National Anthem
, 1902 – along with Percy Scholes' book (see below), one of the two main studies of the British anthem

Cummings, William,
Dr Arne and Rule Britannia,
1912

Davies, Norman,
The Isles: A History,
1999

Frommelt, Josef,
Die Liechtensteinische Landeshymne: Entstehung, Einführung, Veränderungen
, 2005 – Josef's study of Liechtenstein's anthem also comprehensively tells the story of Britain's

Frommelt, Josef, ‘Jakob Josef Jauch (1802–1859), Ein Unverstandener Neuerer',
Balzner Neujahrsblätter
, 17 (2011), pp. 23–38

Hans-Adam II,
The State in the Third Millennium
, 2009

Scholes, Percy,
God Save the Queen! The History and Romance of the World's First National Anthem,
1954

The Gentleman's Magazine
, 1745 editions

Malcolm, Noel,
Bosnia: A Short History,
2002

slavkojovicicslavuj.blogspot.com
– the blog of the former politician Slavko Jovi
i
ć
, a Bosnian Serb. Very useful for his memories and views on Bosnia's anthem contests

aymennjawad.org
– researcher Aymenn Jawad al-Tamimi's website. He was the person who first posted an English-language translation of ‘My Ummah, Dawn Has Appeared'. Along with
jihadology.net
it is one of the main Western websites collecting jihadi
nasheeds

Baily, John, ‘
Can You Stop The Birds Singing?': The Censorship of Music in Afghanistan,
2001

Fallaci, Oriana, ‘An Interview with Khomeini'
, New York Times
,
7 October 1979

Otterbeck, Jonas,
Battling Over the Public Sphere: Islamic Reactions to the Music of Today
, 2007

‘“Our Music Needs Innovation”: Dr Hassan Riyahi, Composer of National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran',
ecinews.org
, 18 July 2011 – an interview with the composer of Iran's anthem and the source for the reason why Khomeini's anthem was replaced

Said, Behnam, ‘Hymns (Nasheeds): A Contribution to the Study of Jihadist Culture',
Studies in Conflict and Terrorism
, 35 (12) (2012), pp. 863–79

Talbot, Margaret, ‘The Agitator'
, New Yorker
, 5 June 2006, pp. 58–67 – a profile of Fallaci and the source for the story about Khomeini laughing

Danielson, Virginia,
The Voice of Egypt: Umm Kulth
Å«
m, Arabic Song and Egyptian Society in the Twentieth Century
, 1997 – the definitive English-language study on Umm Kulth
Å«
m and the forces that shaped her

Gordon, Joel,
Nasser: Hero of the Arab Nation
, 2006 – the source of the story about Salah Jahin being threatened with losing his passport

Gordon, Joel, ‘Stuck with Him: Bassem Youssef and the Egyptian Revolution's Last Laugh',
Review of Middle Eastern Studies
, 48 (1–2) (2014), pp. 34–43 – although largely about recent history this is also a great study on Egyptian ‘anthems' during Nasser's time

Kelani, Reem,
Songs for Tahrir
, 2012 – a BBC radio documentary on the Tahrir protests and Sayed Darwish's songs

Osman, Tarek,
Egypt on the Brink: From Nasser to the Muslim Brotherhood
, 2013

Teltsch, Kathleen, ‘For Israel, a Banner-Hunting Day'
, New York Times
, 18 November 1977 – the source of the story about how Israel obtained the music to Egypt's anthem ‘Oh, My Weapon, It Has Been a Long Time'

Wright, Lawrence,
Thirteen Days in September: Carter, Begin and Sadat at Camp David
, 2014

Carlin, John,
Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela and the Game that Made a Nation,
2008 – an invaluable resource, including for Nelson Mandela's quote to the African National Congress about the anthem

Coplan, David,
In the Township Tonight: South Africa's Black City Music and Theatre
, 2008

Kannemeyer, John,
Langenhoven: 'n Lewe
, 1995

Keller, Bill, ‘Flags, Anthems and Rugby: A Volatile Mix for South Africa',
New York Times
, 18 August 1992

Mandela, Nelson,
Long Walk to Freedom
, 1994

The Southern African Music Rights Organisation (SAMRO)'s archives, which include minutes of the South African anthem committee meetings and letters by its chairman to government

Woods, Donald, ‘A South African Poet on his imprisonment'
, New York Times
, 1 May 1983 – the source for the story that people sang ‘Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika' while being executed

Aharonián, Coriún,
‘Que el Alma Pronuncia': Aportes a la Confusion General en Torno al Himno Nacional y Sus Autores
, 2012

Ayestarán, Lauro,
El Himno Nacional,
1974

Haase, Diego Sánchez,
La Música en el Paraguay
, 2002

Lambert, Peter and Nickson, Andrew (eds),
The Paraguay Reader: History, Culture, Politics
, 2013 – the best history of the country, filled with everything from first-hand accounts of wars to excerpts from novels. The source of, among other things, the story of Ukrainians singing the Soviet anthem after moving to the country

Romero, Roberto,
El Himno Nacional Paraguayo: En el Proceso Cultural de la República,
1986

Slonimsky, Nicolas,
Music of Latin America,
1972

Sryvalin, Diego Darío Florentín,
El Himno Nacional Paraguayo: Un Estudio Morfológico, Sintáctico y Semántico
, 2010

Weschler, Lawrence, ‘The Great Exception'
, New Yorker,
3 April 1989, pp. 43–85, and 10 April 1989, pp. 85–108 – fascinating and disturbing story of Uruguay's dictatorship, its downfall and the political fallout

Billig, Michael,
Banal Nationalism
, 1995 – the classic academic text on how people's sense of national identity is reinforced every day by things like newspaper headlines. Surprisingly makes little comment about anthems, but its conclusions can easily be read across

nationalanthems.info
– my favourite website on anthems, featuring instrumental renditions and background information

Nettl, Paul,
National Anthems
, 1967 – showing its age, but one of the only books before this one to try to survey the world's songs

szbszig.atw.hu – a Hungarian website containing many vocal renditions of anthems, some wrong, but the easiest place to find them

The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.

Abbas II, Khedive 222

Abdel Wahab, Mohammed 236

Abdildin, Serikbolsyn 146

‘L'Abidjanaise' (anthem of Côte d'Ivoire) 24

Acuña de Figueroa, Francisco 285

other works of 294–6

Uruguayan anthem 294, 298

Addi, Lahouari 22–5

‘Advance Australia Fair' (anthem of Australia) 161

‘Aegukka' (anthem of North Korea) 130

Afghanistan

Taliban bans anthems 213–14

African National Congress

anthem of 249, 252

apartheid protests 252–6