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. Paarlberg R.
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. Many controversial issues related to GM foods are addressed in National Research Council.
Impact of Biotechnology on Farm Economics and Sustainability
. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2010.

3
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www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/fcn/fcnNavigation.cfm?rpt=bioListing.USDA/ERS
. Adoption of genetically engineered crops in the U.S., July 1, 2009. Online:
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. Briefing room: Sugar and sweeteners: background, updated August 6, 2009. Online:
www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/sugar/background.htm
.

4
. Developing countries boost spread of GM crops.
Nature
2009;457:949. Germany joins in with maize moratorium.
Nature
2009;458:958. Cameron D. Monsanto revives plans to develop wheat seeds.
WSJ
, July 14, 2009.

5
. Dyer GA, et al. Dispersal of transgenes through maize seed systems in Mexico.
PLoS
One 2009;4(5):e5734. Online:
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. Dalton R. Modified genes spread to local maize.
Nature
2008;456:149. Stokstad E. Embattled Berkeley ecologist wins tenure.
Science
2005;308:1239. Waltz E. Battlefield: papers suggesting that biotech crops might harm the environment attract a hail of abuse from other scientists.
Nature
2009;461:273–2.

6
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France 24, April 19, 2009. Online:
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. Clapp S. Herbicide diversity called critical to keep Roundup effective.
FCN
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Scientific Am
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. The “inert” ingredient is poly-ethoxylated tallowamine, or POEA.

7
. Tang G, et al. Golden Rice is an effective source of vitamin A.
Am J Clinical Nutrition
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Science
2008;320:468–471.

8
. Martin A. Fighting a battlefield the size of a milk label.
NYT
, March 9, 2008:BU7. Horovitz B. Companies cut synthetic hormone from dairy products.
USA Today
, March 15, 2009. Online:
www.usatoday.com
. OTA appeals federal court decision on “rBST-free” labeling.
FCN
, June 3, 2009.

9
. The Non-GMO Project is online at
www.nongmoproject.org
. Neuman W. Biotech-free, mostly.
NYT
, August 29, 2009:B1.

10
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MMWR
2007; 56(33):842–846. Widdowson M-A, Monroe SS, Glass RI. Are noroviruses emerging?
Emerging Infectious Diseases
2005;11:735–737. Hoffmann S. Knowing which foods are making us sick.
Choices
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.

11
. CDC. Surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks—United States, 2006.
MMWR
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12
. Weston Price Foundation. A campaign for real milk. Online:
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. Dewell GA, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for
Escherichia coli
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Foodborne Pathogens and Disease
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Escherichia coli
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Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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.

13
. Drape J. Should this milk be legal?
NYT
, August 8, 2007:F1. CDC.
Escherichia coli
0157:H7 infections in children associated with raw milk and raw colostrum from cows—California, 2006.
MMWR
2008;57(23);625–628.

14
. FDA. Backgrounder on measures to eliminate risk caused by
Vibrio vulnificus
infection from consumption of raw molluscan shellfish, October 17, 2009. Online:
www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Speeches/ucm187014.htm
.

15
. Taylor MR. Remarks, ISSC biennial meeting, October 17, 2009. Online:
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16
. FDA. FDA Statement on Vibrio Vulnificus in raw oysters, November 13, 2009. Online:
www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm190513.htm
.

17
. FDA recalls are listed online at
www.fda.gov/safety/recalls/default.htm
. USDA recalls are listed online at
www.fsis.usda.gov/FSIS_Recalls/index.asp
. The CDC Outbreaks and Incidents page is at
http://emergency.cdc.gov/recentincidents.asp
.

18
. The FDA spinach recall page is at
www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ucm179124.htm
. California Department of Health Services and FDA. Investigation of an
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 outbreak associated with Dole prepackaged spinach, March 21, 2007. Archived online:
www.marlerclark.com/2006_Spinach_Report_Final_01.pdf
and
www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/Docs/Investigation _of_an_E_Coli_Outbreak_Associated_with_Dole_Pre-Packaged_Spinach.pdf
. One year and millions of dollars later. ThePacker.com, September 7, 2007. USDA disappearance data are at
www.ers.usda.gov/Data/FoodConsumption
. Per capita availability of spinach was 2.2 pounds in 2005 and 1.8 pounds in 2008.

19
. Jay MT, et al.
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 in feral swine near spinach fields and cattle, Central California coast.
Emerging Infectious Diseases
2007;13(12):1908–1911. California Department of Fish and Game. Preliminary research results find less than one half of one percent occurrences of
E. coli
O157:H7 in wildlife in California Central Coast counties, April 7, 2009. Online:
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.

20
. Solomon EB, Yaron S, Matthews KR. Transmission of
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 from contaminated manure and irrigation water to lettuce plant tissue and its subsequent internalization.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
2002;68:397–400. Uhlich GA, et al. Characterization of Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
isolates associated with two multistate food-borne outbreaks that occurred in 2006.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
2008;74:1268–1272.

21
. Nestle M. The spinach fallout: Restoring trust in California produce [perspective].
San Jose Mercury News
, October 22, 2006.

22
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FDA. Guide to minimize microbial food safety hazards for fresh fruits and vegetables, October 26, 1998. FDA. Produce safety: 2004 action plan to minimize foodborne illness associated with fresh produce consumption, October 2004. FDA. Letter to California firms that grow, pack, process, or ship fresh and fresh-cut lettuce, November 4, 2005. FDA. Lettuce safety initiative, August 23, 2006. Online:
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. FDA. FDA statement on foodborne
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.