Shades of Mao: The Posthumous Cult of the Great Leader (2 page)

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Authors: Geremie Barme

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BOOK: Shades of Mao: The Posthumous Cult of the Great Leader
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Page viii
Crazed Critics: Two Views of Li Jie

Ying Congying and Meng Fei

147
From Sartre to Mao Zedong

Hua Ming

149
Permanently on Heat: An Interview with Comrade Deng Liqun
151
A Fan from Way Back

He Xin

156
A Typology of the MaoCraze

Zhang Weihong

158
The Sun Never Sets

Su Ya and Jia Lusheng

162
A Star Reflects on the Sun

Liu Xiaoqing

170
In a Glass Darkly: An Interview with Gu Yue
177
Draco Volans Est in Coelo

Jiang Shui and Tie Zhu

183
Let the Red Sun Shine in (A Forum)
186
The Red Sun: Singing the Praises of Chairman Mao
192
A Place in the Pantheon: Mao and Folk Religion

Xin Yuan

195
CultRev Relics

Zhou Jihou

201
Hanging Mao

Hou Dangsheng

211
The Imprisoned Heart: Consuming Mao

Li Xianting

215
Drunk in the Rapeseed Patch

Li Jian

221
MaoSpeak

Wang Shuo

224
Martial Mao
On and Off the Silver Screen
228
Who's Responsible?

Wei Jingsheng

233
Publish and Perish Central Department of Propaganda
235

 

 

Page ix
The MaoCrazy West

Hai Feng

238
All that's Fit to Print Joint Publishers
244
In the Footsteps of the Great
Beijing Evening News
248
Praise be to Mao Various Hands
250
Sparing Mao a Thought
People's Daily
257
The Last Ten-Thousand Words

Jiang Zemin

259
Galluping Mao: A 1993 Opinion Poll

Tang Can et al.

261
Chairman Mao Graffiti

Zhang Chengzhi

269
The Specter of Mao Zedong

Liu Xiaobo

276
Musical Chairmen Anonymous
282
Sources
285
Glossary of Chinese Terms
291
Bibliography
297
Index
313

 

 

Page xi
Acknowledgments
My first contact with the original Mao Cult occurred when I was a high school student in Sydney in 1967. During morning recess one day Samson ("Spock") Voron, a classmate and ham radio enthusiast who delighted in listening to Radio Peking, introduced me to the extraordinary world of
Peking Review
and the glossy glories of
China Pictorial.
As an undergraduate at the Australian National University (ANU) in Canberra my Chinese teacher, Pierre Ryckmans (Simon Leys), revealed the alternative reading of Mao Zedong's poem "Snow," lines from which feature so often in this book.
Then there was the first criticism sessions I was subjected to along with my fellow exchange students at Fudan University in Shanghai in early 1975. It concerned a Mao portrait that had appeared on the front page of the
People's Daily.
It seems that in a distracted moment one of us had used the page in the communal lavatory, and it was not for reading. The Chinese student body, we were told, was outraged.
As a student in China from 1974 to 1977, and then as an editor at
The Seventies Monthly
in Hong Kong from 1977 until mid 1979, I had more to do with the Mao Cult, both pre- and posthumous, than was probably good for me. To an extent, this small volume is a product of an abiding fascination and fixation with the lost world of Chairman Mao.
Anita Chan, my colleague at ANU and general editor of
Chinese Sociology and Anthropology: A Journal of Translations,
urged me to undertake this project and it is through her good offices that some of the material in this book first appeared in that journal. I am also very grateful to Gavan McCormack for pressing me to expand that text into the present volume.
Particular thanks go to Sang Ye, a tireless Mao aficionado who over the years has introduced me to a great deal of Mao arcana, including
Tushu faxing gongzuo wenjian huibian
published for restricted circulation by Xinhua Books in Beijing, the contents of which inspired my work on the fall and rise of the Great Leader. Sang Ye has always been happy to search through his considerable private collection of materials to provide me with obscure information and answer my endless inquires for footnotes in the text. Without

 

Page xii
his enthusiasm this volume would be far more bland. He has also been kind enough to allow me to quote material from his new series of interviews (see ''Musical Chairmen").
Chris Buckley's scholastic (and morbid) interest in Mao has been a great encouragement, and he generously allowed me full access to his own library of recent Mao-related works.
Funding from the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies of ANU made it possible for me to collect research materials and Mao memorabilia, as well as to revisit Mao's birthplace in Shaoshan in 1992 at the height of the new Mao Cult. I am, as ever, extremely grateful to my colleagues and friends at ANU for their constant interest in and support of my work.
Richard Gordon, Mao groupie and boss at Long Bow in Boston, was crucial in making this book a visual success. The Long Bow Archive provided many of the illustrations in the following pages and Richard and Kimberly Roberts took the time from the more pressing task of making a documentary film to photograph many of these. Long Bow itself indulged and succored me as I finished off this project.
Carma Hinton and Nora Chang, Claire Roberts, as well as John Minford, Jean Hsiung of the Universities Services Centre, Neil Thompson of Qantas, Gloria Davies, Peter Micic, Ruth Waller, Nicholas Jose, Zoë Wang, Susan Lambert, Nancy Berliner, Jonathan Hutt, Y.S. Chan, Tsoi Wing-mui of
Open Magazine,
Wang Youshen, Kam Louie, W.J.F. Jenner, Xu Jilin, Chen Xing, Dai Qing, Zhang Hongtu, Vivienne Tam of East Wind Code in New York, Zhu Dake, Don J. Cohn, Jane Macartney of Reuters, Hannah Fink of
Art and AsiaPacific,
Michael Dutton, Li Kaining, Rebecca Cox, Jean-Philippe Béja of Centre d'Études et d'Information sur la Chine, Liu Qingfeng of
21st Century,
Lionel Bawden, Jon Lee, Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom, Andrew Morris, and Scott Savitt of
Beijing Scene
have all helped me in various ways in my pursuit of the Chairman's shade. Special thanks also go to Fusako McCormack for her assistance with the translation of Zhang Chengzhi's article from Japanese and to Linda Jaivin for her comments on the first draft of the introductory essay.
I am also grateful to Doug Merwin of M.E. Sharpe, who responded enthusiastically to my suggestion that I expand the material I prepared for
Chinese Sociology and Anthropology
into this book, and to Dorothy Lin, my editor at M.E. Sharpe.

 

Page 3
The Irresistible Fall and Rise of Mao Zedong
A Mao for All Seasons
Of the numerous news stories and popular rumors that abounded in China during the months leading up to Mao Zedong's centenary in December 1993, one of the most extraordinary tales issued from Sichuan. It was reported that workers in a local factory believed that Chairman Mao had established an industrial complex in the afterlife, which he was running according to the socialist principles he had espoused before his death. Despairing of the capitalist-style factory management and labor exploitation of the Reform era, and mindful that Mao had often claimed that he would go into the mountains and launch the revolution all over again if China "went revisionist,"
1
a number of workers committed suicide. They hoped to join the Chairman in the netherworld and continue to fight for the revolution under his shade.
2
Although this story has not attained the status of a Chinese urban myth, it does reflect one facet of the revival of popular interest in Mao Zedong from the late 1980s: a deep dissatisfaction with the status quo and a yearning for the moral power and leadership of the long-dead Chairman.
<><><><><><><><><><><><>
This land so rich in beauty
Has made countless heroes bow in homage.
This essay is a much-expanded version of a paper presented at "Mao Craze, Mao Cult? A Symposium on Popular Culture in China Today," 23 April 1994, a workshop organized by the Fairbank Center for East Asian Research, Harvard University. My thanks to the organizers of and participants in that workshop for their encouragement. A shorter version of this book appeared as an issue of
Chinese Sociology and Anthropology: A Journal of Translations
28, no. 1 (Fall 1995).

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