 | 6. The Four Olds (
sijiu
) were: old ideas, old culture, old customs, and old habits, the elimination of which was formalized in the Party's 16 Articles on the Cultural Revolution promulgated in 1966.
|
| 7. Wen Wang and Zhou Gong were wise and righteous rulers honored in Confucian tradition.
|
| 8. Chi You, Qin Shihuang, Xiang Yu, Wang Mang, Dong Zhuo, Cao Cao and Su Jun were renowned as tyrannical rulers.
|
| 9. This Mao quote was published in a
People's Daily
editorial marking the tenth anniversary of the Cultural Revolution. See "Wenhua geming yongfang guangmangjinian Zhonggong zhongyang 1966 nian 5 yue 16 ri `Tongzhi' shizhounian."
|
| 10. In Chinese, the title of the song is
Dahai hangxing kao duoshou.
It was an alternative national anthem during the Cultural Revolution.
|
| 11. The Loyalty Dance (
zhongzi wu
) was a clumsy choreographic group dance designed to add rhythm to the adulation of Mao. To "struggle against self-interest and repudiate revisionism" (
dousi pixiu
) was a popular mantra that summed up the avowed aims of the Cultural Revolution.
|
| 12. The Five Black Categories (
hei wulei
) were: landlords, rich peasants, counter-revolutionaries, bad elements, and rightists. Cow Demons and Snake Spirits (
niugui sheshen
) was a classical Chinese expression reinterpreted for the denunciation of people in the early stages of the Cultural Revolution.
|
| 13. In Chinese,
nongye xue Dazhai.
In 1964, Mao called on the nation to emulate the vaunted socialist agricultural achievements of the Dazhai Commune in Xiyang County, Shanxi.
|
| 14. The Three Standard Articles"Serve the People," "In Memory of Norman Bethune," and "The Foolish Old Man Who Removed the Mountains"found in Mao's
The Selected Works
became prescribed devotional texts that were committed to memory and recited
ad nauseum.
|
| 15. Deng's January-February 1992 "tour of the south" (
nanxun
) during which, among other things, he visited Shanghai and Special Economic Zones in Guangdong Province sparked off a new wave of economic reforms. It was reported by the national media with gaumless enthusiasm. See, for example, Zong Jun,
Zongshejishi,
pp. 3-26.
|
| 16. In Chinese,
mozhe shizi guo he.
This is Deng's much-lauded hit-and-miss approach to reforming socialism.
|
| 17. The Southern Peak (
Nanyue
), is Hengshan in Hunan Province, one of China's Five Sacred Mountains which feature in popular religious belief.
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