Stephen Hawking (51 page)

8.
Nigel Hawkes,
The Times
(July 3, 1992).

9.
Robin Mckie,
The Observer
(October 21, 2001).

10.
Bryan Appleyard, “Master of a Narrow Universe.”
Independent
(October 13, 1993).

11.
Reuters,
Toronto Star
(September 30, 2001).

12.
Robert Crampton, “Intelligence Test.”
The Times Magazine
(April 8, 1995).

13.
Radio Times
(February 1996).

14.
Ben MacIntyre, “Hawking Backs Gore as Leader for 21st Century.”
The Times
(August 10, 2000).

15.
Guardian
(March 27, 1997).

16.
Daily Mail
(July 6, 1995).

17.
Evening Standard
(September 16, 1995).

18.
Daily Express
(October 30, 1995).

19.
Evening Standard
(September 16, 1995).

19. GOD AND THE MULTIVERSE

1.
John Gribbin,
In Search of the Multiverse.
New York: Wiley, 2010.

2.
http://www.hawking.org.uk/quantum-cosmology-m-theory-and-the-anthropic-principle.html

3.
Leonard Susskind,
The Cosmic Landscape.
New York: Back Bay Books, 2006.

4.
Ian Stewart and Edwin Abbott,
The Annotated Flatland.
Basic Books, 2002.

5.
Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow,
The Grand Design.
London: Bantam, 2010.

6.
Ibid.
, note ii.

7.
Vol. D73, page 123527. Available online at arXiv:hep-th/0602091v2.

8.
Almost equally irritatingly, those ill-informed commentators often pronounce the word “bosun”; it should be bo-zon.

9.
Frank Close,
The Infinity Puzzle
. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

10.
Quoted by Kitty Ferguson, in
Stephen Hawking
. London; Transworld, 2011.

20. THE TOPSY-TURVY UNIVERSE OF A GLOBAL ICON

1.
Judy Bachrach, “A Beautiful Mind, an Ugly Possibility.”
Vanity Fair
(June 2004): 6.

2.
Marlow Stern, “The Other Side of Stephen Hawking: Strippers, Aliens, and Disturbing Abuse Claims.”
The Daily Beast
(June 11, 2014).

3.
Christian Gysin, “Nurse claims Hawking's Wife Is Abusing Him.”
Daily Mail
(June 22, 2004).

4.
Ibid.

5.
Judy Bachrach, “A Beautiful Mind, an Ugly Possibility.”

6.
Ibid.

7.
BBC News
(January 20, 2004), staff writer.

8.
“Stephen Hawking to Divorce Second Wife.”
Daily Mail
(October 19, 2006), staff writer.

9.
BBC News
(October 6, 2004), staff writer.

10.
BBC News
, “Hawking in Space! (sort of)” (April 27, 2007), staff writer.

11.
Ibid.

12.
BBC News
, “Hawking Plans Zero-gravity Flight” (March 1, 2007), staff writer.

13.
Irene Klotz, “Hawking: Space Is Our Future.”
BBC News
(April 26, 2007).

14.
Sheryl Stolberg, “Obama Gives Medal of Freedom to 16 Luminaries,”
New York Times
(August 12, 2009).

15.
BBC News
, “Hawking to Get Medal of Freedom” (July 30, 2009), staff writer.

16.
BBC News
, “Stephen Hawking Slideshow Transcription” (October 1, 2009).

17.
Robert Matthews, “Stephen Hawking Fears Prejudice Against Fundamental Research Threatens the Future of Science in Britain,”
CAM: The University of Cambridge Alumni Magazine
(Michaelmas Term 1995): 12.

18.
Michael White,
The Fruits of War: How Military Conflict Accelerates Technology
. London: Simon and Schuster, 2005.

19.
BBC News
, “Stephen Hawking: God Did Not Create Universe” (September 2, 2010), staff writer.

20.
Alastair Jaimieson, “Baroness Greenfield Criticizes ‘Taliban-like Stephen Hawking.'”
The Telegraph
(September 8, 2010).

21.
Dwight Garner, “Many Kinds of Universes, and None Require God.”
The New York Times Books of the Times
(September 7, 2010).

22.
Judy Bachrach, “A Beautiful Mind, an Ugly Possibility.” p. 7.

23.
Hannah Stephenson, The Belfast Telegraph online (March 25, 2015).

24.
Alok Jha, “Stephen Hawking Marks 70th Birthday With Speech to Leading Cosmologists.”
The Guardian
(January 9, 2012).

25.
Michelle Roberts, “Defying the Odds of Medicine.”
BBC News: Health
(January 8, 2012).

26.
Ibid.

27.
Katherine Harmon, “How Has Stephen Hawking Lived Past 70 with ALS?”
Scientific American
(January 7, 2012).

28.
Terrence McCoy, “How Stephen Hawking Has Survived So Long with ALS.”
The Sydney Morning Herald
(February 25, 2015).

29.
Alok Jha, “Stephen Hawking Marks 70th Birthday With Speech to Leading Cosmologists.”

30.
Fergus Walsh, “Stephen Hawking: Why I Support Assisted Dying.”
BBC News: Health
(July 16, 2014).

31.
R. Albert Mohler Jr., “Professor Stephen Hawking at 70.”
Christian Post
(January 9, 2012).

32.
“Stephen Hawking Speaks Out About Assisted Suicide.”
BBC News: Health
(September 17, 2013), staff writer.

33.
Angela Lambert,
The Independent
(August 23, 1994).

34.
Marlow Stern, “The Other Side of Stephen Hawking: Strippers, Aliens, and Disturbing Abuse Claims.”
The Daily Beast
(June 11, 2014).

35.
David Freeman, “Stephen Hawking Frequents Sex Club In California: Report.”
The Huffington Post
(February 28, 2012).

36.
Rory Cellan-Jones, “Stephen Hawking Warns Artificial Intelligence Could End Mankind.”
BBC News: Technology
(December 2, 2014).

37.
Claudia Dreifus, “Life and the Cosmos, Word by Painstaking Word: A Conversation with Stephen Hawking.”
The New York Times
, Science Section (May 9, 2011): 1.

38.
Genevieve Hassan, “Eddie Redmayne Admits Fear Over Stephen Hawking Role.”
BBC News
:
Entertainments and Arts
(September 8, 2014).

39.
Ramin Settoodeh, “How Eddie Redmayne Became Stephen Hawking in ‘The Theory of Everything.'”
Variety
(October 28, 2014).

40.
“Eddie Redmayne: Eddie Redmayne's Hawking Embarrassment.”
Loaded
(March 8, 2015).

41.
Tim Masters, “Eddie Redmayne Avoided Benedict Cumberbatch's Hawking Film.”
BBC News: Entertainment and Arts
(December 9, 2014).

42.
Tim Masters, “Theory of Everything Star Felicity Jones: Awards Are A Bonus.”
BBC News: Entertainment and Arts
(January 2, 2015).

43.
Genevieve Hassan, “Eddie Redmayne Admits Fear Over Stephen Hawking Role.”

44.
Angie Han, /FILM blog, “What Did Stephen Hawking Think of Theory of Everything?” (November 19, 2014).

45.
Annie Price, “I'm Proud of You: Stephen Hawking's Heartfelt Message After Eddie Redmayne Wins Oscar.”
Express
(February 23, 2015).

46.
20/20
, ABC Television broadcast.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

W
e would like to thank a number of people who, for one reason or another, helped to make this book happen: Mark Barty-King, Dr. Robert Berman, Maureen Berman, Roberta Bernstein, staff at the Cambridge County Library, Professor Brandon Carter, Marcus Chown, Michael Church, Virgil Clarke, Sami Cohen, Dr. Kevin Davies, Professor Paul Davies, Sue Davies, Fischer Dilke, Norman Dix, Dr. Fay Dowker, Professor George Efstathiou, Professor George Ellis, Peter Guzzardi, Professor Edward Harrison, Professor Stephen Hawking, David Hickman, Chris Holifield, Professor Maurice Jacob, Dr. David Lindley, Shirley MacLaine, Dr. John McClenahan, Ravi Mirchandani, Dr.
Simon Mitton, Dr. Joseph Needham, Professor Don Page, Murray Pollinger, Colonel Geoffrey Pryke OBE, Professor Abdus Salam, Professor David Schramm, Professor Dennis Sciama, Lydia Sciama, Professor Paul Steinhardt, Rodney Tibbs, Professor Michael Turner, Dr. Tanmay Vachaspati, Professor Alex Vilenkin, Lisa Whitaker, and Nigel Wood-Smith. JG thanks the Alfred C. Munger Foundation for a contribution toward travel and other expenses.

INDEX

Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device's search function to locate particular terms in the text.

A

absolute space, 33, 37

absolute zero, 98, 169

acceleration, 28, 32, 38–39, 382

Albanian
, 23

Albrecht, Andreas, 218, 325–327

Aldrin, Buzz, 396

Amis, Kingsley, 11

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

complications of, 275–278

diagnosis of, 71–72

paralysis from, 189–190, 195, 367, 411

progression of, 408–409

research on, 228

stabilisation of, 224–225, 409

worsening of, 80–81

Appleyard, Bryan, 370–371

Armstrong, Neil, 118

At Home in France
, 376

atomic motion, 98–99

B

baby universes, 244–259, 346–347

Bach, Johann Sebastian, 322

Back to the Future
, 331, 353–354

background radiation, 101, 128–133, 136, 246

Bardeen, James, 145, 169

Barrow, John, 326, 370

Barty-King, Mark, 282–283, 289

Batchelor, George, 75

Beatles, 66, 118

Beckham, David, 395

Beethoven, Ludwig van, 11, 364

Bekenstein, Jacob, 145–146, 152, 168–169, 172, 176

Bell, Jocelyn, 126

Berman, Maureen, 57–58

Berman, Robert, 49–50, 57–58, 62, 64, 204–205, 225, 334

Beyond the Black Hole: Stephen Hawking's Universe
, 147

Big Bang cosmology, 131

Big Bang process, 95–101, 213–214, 217

Big Bang radiation, 101, 128–133, 136, 246

Big Bang theory, 41, 46, 86, 92–93, 95

Big Bang Theory, The
, 396

“Big Crunch,” 213, 247, 251.
See also
Big Bang

black holes

discovering, 86–87

expanding universe and, 346–347

heart of, 159

horizon around, 92, 96, 123, 135, 159–168, 174–175, 210, 247, 252

naming, 87, 136

rotation of, 171–174

singularity theory and, 82–85, 90–94, 111, 134–137, 159–168

spacetime and, 83, 86–96, 135–136, 144, 164–166, 170, 253

study of, 27, 86–96

surface area of, 159–160, 164–166, 172–175, 206

B
lack Holes and Baby Universes
, 361

Black Holes and Time Warps
, 348

Blaine, David, 396

Blott, Barry, 22

Bohr, Niels, 209

Bondi, Hermann, 78, 83, 103–104

Boslough, John, 114, 147, 190

bosons, 386–388

Brahms, Johannes, 364

Branson, Richard, 397, 407

Brief History of Time, A
, 4, 151, 172, 196, 216, 269, 271, 278, 284–297, 305, 310, 313, 316, 319–324, 327–334, 337–338, 342, 361–365, 369, 372, 396, 402–407, 418

Brin, David, 253

Broglie, Louis de, 43

Bruce, Lisa, 413, 416

Bruno, Giordano, 198

bubble universes, 249–251, 254–257, 380

C

Calder, Nigel, 204

Cambridge Evening News
, 157, 277

Campbell, Anne, 373

Campbell, Joseph, 201

Carr, Bernard, 185, 257

Carrey, Jim, 396

Carter, Brandon, 75, 83, 106–107, 110, 145, 169

Castro, Fidel, 47, 49

CERN machine, 35–36, 388

Chandler, Raymond, 47

Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan, 221

chaotic inflation, 246

Chapman, Mark, 238

Charles, Prince, 241, 396

chronology-protection conjecture, 352, 355, 358

Church, Michael, 11, 17, 55, 69

Churchill, Winston, 6

Civil Rights Bill, 368

“classical” cosmology, 25–46

“classical” physics, 26–27, 223, 300–302, 384

Cleese, John, 224

Cleghorn, Bill, 11

Clinton, Bill, 374

“clockwork universe,” 29–30, 45

Close, Frank, 386

Cluskey, Leo, 408–409

Cole, Lily, 407

“collapsar,” 88, 90, 128

Communications in Mathematical Physics
, 145, 169

“compactification,” 306–308

Companion to A Brief History of Time, The
, 361

constant velocity, 34

“cosmic egg,” 93–96

cosmology

anthropic cosmology, 254–255, 308, 380–385

awareness of, 264, 269

Big Bang cosmology, 131, 134

breakthroughs in, 4

classical cosmology, 25–46

future of, 336, 378

global cosmology, 314–315

inflationary cosmology, 243

modern cosmology, 35, 236–237

quantum cosmology, 41, 253

studies in, 63, 67, 101, 131, 141, 149–150, 180

successes in, 194

theoretical cosmology, 26–27

cosmology group, 314–315

Creation of the Universe, The
, 128

critical radius, 90

Croasdell, Judith, 394

Cumberbach, Benedict, 394

Cygnus X-1, 162–163, 166

D

Daily Mail
, 289, 391

Daily Mirror
, 393

Davies, Paul, 178, 272

Dawkins, Richard, 380

dead stars, 87–91, 175

Desert Island Discs
, 362